• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.605-614
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• 2006

The success of a software development project can be determined by the use of QCD. And as a software's size and complexity increase, the importance of early quality assurance rises. Therefore, more effort should be given to prevention, as opposed to correction. In order to provide a framework for the prevention of defects, defect detection activities such as peer review and testing, along with analysis of previous defects, is required. This entails a systematization and use of quality data from previous development efforts. FMEA, which is utilized for system safety assurance, can be applied as a means of software defect prevention. SW-FMEA (Software Failure Mode Effect Analysis) attempts to prevent defects by predicting likely defects. Presently, it has been applied to requirement analysis and design. SW-FMEA utilizes measured data from development activities, and can be used for defect prevention on both the development and management sides, for example, in planning, analysis, design, peer reviews, testing, risk management, and so forth. This research discusses about related methodology and proposes defect prevention model based on SW-FMEA. Proposed model is extended SW-FMEA that focuses on system analysis and design. The model not only supports verification and validation effectively, but is useful for reducing defect detection.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.174-191
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• 2024

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of Korean multinational corporations' (MNCs') foreign direct investment (FDI) networks from 1978 to 2023, focusing on Samsung Electronics and LG Electronics. Using data on the consolidated overseas subsidiaries of these two companies, a two-mode network was constructed to examine the status of host countries through the betweenness centrality index and to identify types of countries with similar value chain arrangements by investigating their linkage structures. The main findings are as follows. First, during the early phase of Korean electronics MNCs' overseas expansion in the 1980s, they primarily established sales bases in developed consumer markets. However, over time, they gradually expanded into other business areas, including manufacturing, producer services, and R&D, increasing complexity in their FDI networks as cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) became more frequent. Second, the United States has remained central to these MNCs' FDI networks since the 1980s, but more recently, China has emerged as a significant hub, challenging the U.S. in global value chains. Third, emerging Asian economies, including India, Vietnam, and Indonesia, have strengthened their positions due to the diversification of MNCs' investment objectives from manufacturing bases to a broader range of business areas. Finally, since the 2010s, the convergence of the electronics industry with the automotive electronics sector and new industries has led to a diversification of the value chain arrangements of Korean electronics MNCs.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.1 s.91
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• pp.37-46
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• 2006

The principal objective of this study is to assess the hierarchical effects of defects on the elastic stiffness properties at different levels of observation. In particular, quantitative damage measures which characterize the fundamental mode of degradation in the form of elastic damage provide quite insightful meanings at the level of constitutive relations and at the level of structures. For illustration, a total of three model problems of increasing complexity, a 1-D bar structure, a 2-D stress concentration problem, and a heterogeneous composite material made of a matrix with particle inclusions. Considering a damage scenario for the particle inclusions the material system degrades from a composite with very stiff inclusions to a porous material with an intact matrix skeleton. In other damage scenario for the matrix, the material system degrades from a composite made of a very stiff skeleton to a disconnected assembly of particles because of progressive matrix erosion. The trace-back and forth of tight bounds in terms of the reduction of the lowest eigenvalues are extensively discussed at different levels of observation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.641-651
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• 2002

Recently, many advanced video application services over the mobile wireless networks have required a transcoder which can efficiently reduce the size of compressed video bitstreams. The transcoder can be worked in either the spatial domain or the DCT domain. In this paper, we propose a new fast hybrid-type transcoder which can efficiently reduce the frame size with keeping the visual quality. The proposed scheme consists of two major processes: a transform domain process and a spatial domain process. We also propose a scheme for coding mode selection and motion vector refinement. Experimental results show that our approach can reduce the computational complexity more than any other conventional spatial-domain transcoder with keeping the visual quality.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.652-663
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• 2002

Recently, many advanced video application services over the mobile wireless networks have required a transcoder which can efficiently reduce the size of compressed video bitstreams. The transcoder can be worked in either the spatial domain or the DCT domain. In this paper, we propose a new fast hybrid-type transcoder which can efficiently reduce the frame size with keeping the visual quality. The proposed scheme consists of two major processes: a transform domain process and a spatial domain process. We also propose a scheme for coding mode selection and motion vector refinement. Experimental results show that our approach can reduce the computational complexity more than any other conventional spatial-domain transcoder with keeping the visual quality.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.89-101
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fashion item of the symbolic fashion icons in the 20th century. The symbolism of fashion icons was grouped into four classes according to the influence of a social-cultural change. 1. Icons between dream and reality: A dreary emotion that was caused by material richness has a longing for an ideal image. A typical style was Art Nouveau style, which pressed into a grotesque S-bend. While as the world placed on a economic reconstruction after World War I, rational fashion icon which pursued more function and simplify than cumbersome style and complexity came out. 2. Icons between solid and liquid: A solid icons was connected with a mode of female body during World War 1. This extremely stylized female figure. Flowing fabrics enveloped the stylized female figure and they brought a liquid icons into relief. 3. Icons between uniformity and variety: At a time when uniformity was appeared strongly within 20th century is during World War II and about 1940-1950. The uniformal icon was classified into uniformity by uniform and by mass production. A repugnance for the uniformity and imitation of fashion was tried a new fashion style. It could be called with the various of fashion icon. 4. Icons between social secession and rediscovery: In 1950-1960, 1970-1990, and the end of 20th century, the advent of the young culture was born a consumer who newly breaks in fashion. It could be included within the domain of social secession icon. While the rediscovery of fashion icon was associated with experimental new fibers, leotard, suitable replacement for wool or acrylic knit, silk that could stretch in any direction, new fabrics that were transparent, took color beautifully, and could be painted, tie-dyed, or embroidered.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.575-581
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• 2010

With widespread use of the Internet and improvements in streaming media and compression technology, digital music, video, and image can be distributed instantaneously across the Internet to end-users. However, most conventional Digital Right Management are often not secure and not fast enough to process the vast amount of data generated by the multimedia applications to meet the real-time constraints. The SVC offers temporal, spatial, and SNR scalability to varying network bandwidth and different application needs. Meanwhile, for many multimedia services, security is an important component to restrict unauthorized content access and distribution. This suggests the need for new cryptography system implementations that can operate at SVC. In this paper, we propose a new scrambling encryption for reserving the characteristic of scalability in MPEG4-SVC. In the base layer, the proposed algorithm is applied and performed the selective scambling. And it encrypts various MVS and intra-mode scrambling in the enhancement layer. In the decryption, it decrypts each encrypted layers by using another encrypted keys. Throughout the experimental results, the proposed algorithms have low complexity in encryption and the robustness of communication errors.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.723-738
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• 2017

Rock is a heterogeneous material, which introduces complexity in the analysis of rock slopes, since both the existing discontinuities within the rock mass and the intact rock contribute to the degradation of strength. Rock failure is often catastrophic due to the brittle nature of the material, involving the sliding along structural planes and the fracturing of rock bridge. This paper proposes an advanced discretization method of rock mass based on block theory. An in-house software, GeoSMA-3D, has been developed to generate the discrete fracture network (DFN) model, considering both measured and artificial joints. Measured joints are obtained from the photogrammetry analysis on the excavation face. Statistical tools then facilitate to derive artificial joints within the rock mass. Key blocks are searched to provide guidance on potential reinforcement measures. The discretized blocky system is subsequently implemented into a discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) code. Strength reduction technique is employed to analyze the stability of the slope, where the factor of safety can be obtained once excessive deformation of slope profile is observed. The combined analysis approach also provides the failure mode, which can be used to guide the choice of strengthening strategy if needed. Finally, an illustrated example is presented for the analysis of a rock slope of 20 m height inclined at $60^{\circ}$ using combined GeoSMA-3D and DDA calculation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2004

AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi Rate Wideband) speech codec, the most recent voice codec standardized by 3GPP, has the wider audio bandwidth of 50∼7000 Hz and operates on nine speech coding bit rates between 6.60 and 23.85 kbit/s. This Paper presents the real-time implementation of AMR-WB speech codec by using a 16 bit fixed-point TeakLite DSP. The implemented AMR-WB codec requires the complexity of 52.2 MIPS at 23.85 kbit/s mode and also needs the program memory of 17.9 kwords, data RAM of 11.8 kwords, and data ROM of 10.1kwords. It was verified through passing the all test vectors provided by 3GPP with maintaining bit exactness. Stable operations on the real-time testing board were also proved without any distortions and delays for the audio in/out.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.180-184
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• 2013

In this paper, a low power antenna switch controller IC is designed using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology. To improve power handling capability and harmonic distortion performance of the antenna switch, the proposed antenna switch controller provides 3-state logic level such as +VDD, GND, and -VDD for the gate and body of switch of FETs according to decoder signal. By employing input-coupled current ring oscillator and hardware efficient level shifter, the proposed controller greatly reduces power consumption and hardware complexity. It consumes 135 ${\mu}A$ at a 2.5 V supply voltage in active mode, and occupies $1.3mm{\times}0.5mm$ in area. In addition, it shows fast start-up time of 10 ${\mu}s$.