• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 2016

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) experience frequent link disconnections due to non-uniform node distribution and mobility. Thus, end-to-end path establishment-based routing protocols cause frequent transmission failures in MANETs, resulting in heavy control messages for path reestablishment. While location-based MANET routing protocols, such as Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), use location information to forward messages in a hop-by-hop routing fashion without an end-to-end path establishment procedure, such protocols encounter communication void problems when message forwarding to the next hop fails due to the absence of a relay node. Therefore, to solve this problem, this paper proposes a Delay Tolerant-GPSR (DT-GPSR) protocol, which combines Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) technology with the GPSR protocol. The performance of DT-GPSR is compared with the performances of the original GPSR and PRoPHET routing protocols through simulation using NS-2. The simulation results confirm that DT-GPSR outperforms GPSR and PRoPHET in terms of the message delivery ratio and message delivery delay.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.243-252
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose the next-generation broadband wireless access network architecture, which is based on the wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network(WDM-PON), and efficient mobility management scheme to support quality-of-service(QoS) of multimedia services in the next-generation wireless network. By adapting WDM-PON technology to wireless access network, the proposed scheme can realize broadband wireless access network. In addition, We utilize newly proposed local channels between optical network units(ONUs) or subnets in order to support the fast and efficient local data and handoff data transmission. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of handoff delay and packet loss thru computer simulation. Thru various computer simulation results, we verified the superior performance of the proposed scheme by comparing with the results of other schemes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.18-26
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• 2021

Soil aggregation begins with flocculation of clay particles triggered by interfacial reactions of polyvalent cation such as Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and they are also known as important elements to control the mobility of arsenic in soil environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of CMDS (coal mine drainage sludge) for soil loss reduction and stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil in a 37% sloped farmland under rainfall simulation. The amount of soil loss decreased by 43% when CMDS was applied, and this result was not significantly different from the case of limestone application, which yielded 46% decrease of soil loss. However, the relative amount of dispersed clay particles in the sediment CMDS-applied soil was 10% lower than that of limestone-applied soil, suggesting CMDS is more effective than limestone in inducing soil aggregation. The concentrations of bioavailable arsenic in CMDS amended soil decreased by 46%~78%, which was lower than the amount in limestone amended soil. Therefore, CMDS can be used as an effective amendment material to reduce soil loss and stabilize arsenic in sloped farmland areas.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1639-1645
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a virtual full-duplex relaying scheme based on data ferrying using two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). By utilizing high mobility of two UAVs, the proposed relaying scheme can make each UAV communicate with a source node or a destination node when the UAV is near the source node or the destination node. The proposed relaying scheme can overcome the performance limitations of the half-duplex relaying and the implementation constraints of the full-duplex relaying. In addition, we propose an algorithm to shift the center point of two UAVs' trajectory with consideration of inter-relay interference (IRI). We show the simulation results of our proposed trajectory's center point shift algorithm. From the simulation results, it is shown that our proposed relaying scheme can achieve higher end-to-end spectral efficiency (SE) than the conventional static relaying scheme.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare variant analysis results regarding overcrowded spaces and suggest a space analysis model for women's hospitals at the outpatient clinic department, central treatment department, and inpatient ward considering evacuation capability of newborns unable to perform automotive evacuation, pregnant patients and maternal patients with limited mobility. Methods: Firstly, precedent studies on women's hospitals and evacuation in hospitals were reviewed. Secondly, the analysis conditions and necessary set values for simulation were designed after analyzing the design documents of the research target hospital. Thirdly, evacuation simulation was conducted by adjusting the variables related to the evacuation behavior of inpatients and newborns. Fourthly, based on the derived results, overcrowded spaces were compared and analyzed according to evacuation behavior. Result: The study results are as follows: (1) It is necessary to check the main escape routes for occupants and to expand and adjust the size of mainly used entrances. (2) It is necessary to widen the stairs' width to alleviate overcrowding caused by patients with non-autonomous walking. (3) Due to overcrowding of the main escape route, it is necessary to identify the bypass route and adjust the width of the corridor. (4) It is necessary to plan an evacuation route for newborns to escape from the main escape route for occupants. Implications: The study result is expected to be used as primary data for research that considers the evacuation behavior of newborns and pregnant women in women's hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.958-963
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• 2023

Lately, there has been increasing research on the prediction of motion performance using artificial intelligence for the safe design and operation of ships. However, compared to conventional ships, research on small fishing boats is insufficient. In this paper, we propose a model that estimates the motion response essential for calculating the motion performance of small fishing boats using a deep neural network. Hydrodynamic analysis was conducted on 15 small fishing boats, and a database was established. Environmental conditions and main particulars were applied as input data, and the response amplitude operators were utilized as the output data. The motion response predicted by the trained deep neural network model showed similar trends to the hydrodynamic analysis results. The results showed that the high-frequency motion responses were predicted well with a low error. Based on this study, we plan to extend existing research by incorporating the hull shape characteristics of fishing boats into a deep neural network model.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.158-166
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• 2008

Medical ultrasound has benefits in mobility and safety than any other medical techniques such as X-ray, CT and MRI but has speckle noise which decrease the ability of an observer to distinguish the fine details in diagnostic examination. But simple removing of speckle often causes losing boundary information. Then, in this paper, we presented a novel neuro-fuzzy method which could remove speckle efficiently without loss of boundary information. Proposed method consists of image clustering by fuzzy algorithm and image processingby neural networks which was learned by back propagation. From the experiments for simulation image and real ultrasound image, we could verify the proposed method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1849-1860
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• 1994

Domain wall dynamics in thin film of amorphous Rare Earth-Transistion Metal alloys were investigated using numerical integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The thin film was divided into a two-dimensional square lattice ($30\times30$) of dipoles. Nearest-neighbor exchange interaction magnetic anisotropy, applied magnetic field, and demagnetiing field of interacting anisotropy, applied magnetic field, and demagnetizing field of interacting dipoles were considered. It was assumed that the film had perfect uniaxial anisotropy in the perpendicular direction and the magnetization reversal existed in the film. The time of domain wall creation and the thickness of the wall were investigated. Also the motion of domain walls under an applied field was considered. Simulation results showed that the time of domain wall creation was decreased significantly and the average velocity of domain wall was increased somewhat when the demagnetizing field was considered.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2006

This paper proposes a seamless handover scheme for high-speed trains using dual mobile routers to minimize service disruption time and packet loss during handovers. In the proposed scheme, each of the dual mobile routers is located at each end of the moving network for space diversity. One of the two mobile routers can continuously receive packets from its home agent, while the other is undergoing a handover, but they act as one logical mobile router. Analytical and simulation results showed that the proposed scheme could provide no service disruption or packet losses during handovers.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

Redundant handovers cause degraded quality of service to passengers in vehicle. This paper proposes a handover scheme suitable for users traveling in vehicles, which enables continuous learning of the handover process using a discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC). Through AdaBoost machine learning algorithm, the proposed handover scheme avoids unnecessary handover trials when a short dwell time in a target cell is expected or when the target cell is an intermediate cell through which the vehicle quickly passes. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the number of handover occurrences and maintains adequate throughput.