• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 2002

The Extension of Base is a fundamental Method to expend the moduli in RNS(Residue Number System). RNS has the benefit of parallelism and no carry propagation at each moduli, but division , extension of base and etc. is the problem of RNS in case of the operation speed.Generally this method is applied to system using Mixed Radix Conversion. it appears to decrease the size of Arithmetic Unit, but increasing the time of operation. So in this paper, the Improved Extension of Base is proposed using Chinese Remainder Theorem. it has the comparative small size and Improved speed.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.217.1-217.1
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• 2003

Phytoestrogen has been used as supplement in order to treat osteoporosis. The representative phytoestrogen, isoflavones, are daidzein, genistein and formononetin which were present highly in legumes. We have studied the quantitative analysis of isoflavones in KUNBO by HPLC. KUNBO, a mixed herbal extract including Astragali Radix and Rhynchosiae nulubilis Semen (Leguminosae), etc., is a nutraceutical candidate for type I osteoporosis. olumn used in HPLC was LUNA 5${\mu}$ C18 (250 ${\times}$4.6mm) (Phenmenex Co.m Torroance, CA, U.S.A.). (omitted)

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

With increasing size of transformer-based neural networks, a light-weight algorithm and efficient AI accelerator has been developed to train these huge networks in practical design time. In this article, we present a survey of state-of-the-art research on the low-precision computational algorithms especially for floating-point formats and their hardware accelerator. We describe the trends by focusing on the work of two leading research groups-IBM and Seoul National University-which have deep knowledge in both AI algorithm and hardware architecture. For the low-precision algorithm, we summarize two efficient floating-point formats (hybrid FP8 and radix-4 FP4) with accuracy-preserving algorithms for training on the main research stream. Moreover, we describe the AI processor architecture supporting the low-bit mixed precision computing unit including the integer engine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.996-999
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• 2011

This experiment was performed to investigate whether the combined-preparation of crude drugs (The $Well^{TM}$ Preparation, TW), has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors. TW was mixed with water extracts of Ginseng Radix red, Germinated brown rice, cultured mountain ginseng, and 50% ethanol extracts of Longanae Arillus, Nelumbinis Folium and Chrysanthemi Flos. TW (100 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced sleep onset and prolonged sleep time induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol (0.2 ${\mu}M$), a $GABA_A$ receptor agonist. Also, TW (2 ${\mu}g$/ml) and pentobarbital (2.5 ${\mu}M$) did not affect the chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, respectively, but the combined-treatment of TW (2 ${\mu}g$/ml) and pentobarbital (2.5 ${\mu}M$) increased the chloride influx onto the cells. In conclusion, TW augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors; these effects may result from chloride channel activation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : The consumption of licorice is large in Korea, but domestic production is insufficient due to the lack of adaptability. This study aimed to provide a morphological basis for adding interspecific hybrid licorice with improved adaptability to pharmacopoeia. Methods : This study was to establish identification criteria for the original plants, external and internal morphology of the authentic herbal medicines (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata), market products and artificially interspecific hybrid forms of licorice. For this purpose, previous studies were investigated and visual and histological observations were carried out. We focused on the internal morphology by microscopic observation for securing objectivity. Finally, we proposed the identification keys for precise classification of each part. Results : 1) Original plant : Licorice species in the compendium were distinguished by the number of leaflets, presence of hair on the fruit, curvature and swelling of the fruit. 2) External morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by degree of powderiness, tearing gap, radial structure in the cross section and existence of protrusion of outer epidermis. 3) Internal morphology : Licorice species were distinguished by the degree of development of phloem fiber bundle, development of obliterated sieve, whether the secondary medullary ray are branched. In the case of interspecific hybrids, the characteristics of both species used for hybridization were mixed in all observation methods. Conclusions : These results suggest that the interspecific crossbred licorice is suitable for the pharmacopoeial standard. Therefore, it can be applied as a herbal medicine through additional supplementary study.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.403-417
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• 2017

This study was done to elucidate effects on organic and chemical fertilizers for growth characteristics, saponin content and antioxidant activity in Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix root. Chemical and mixed organic fertilizers were treated at levels of 50%, 100% and 200% based on nitrogen 3 kg/10a before transplant of Platycodin grandiflorum Ridix. As a result, when 50% mixed organic and chemical fertilizer plots were treated to P. grandiflorum Ridix root, the root length showed the highest scores of 26.9 and 26.5 cm, respectively. Root width exhibited the highest scores of 25.6 mm and 25.2 mm in 50% mixed organic and chemical fertilizer plots, respectively. The number of fine-roots and fresh weight presented the highest values in 50% mixed organic fertilizer plot as 26.7 and 50.4 g, respectively. The content of platycodin D3 was ranged in 183.4~321.7 mg/100 g, which the highest value was observed in 100% mixed organic fertilizer plot. The content of saponin except for deapioplatycodin D presented higher amount in the mixed organic fertilizer plots. Treatment of 200% chemical fertilizer presented to be withered in transplant cultivation of 3 year-old roots.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Recently, it has been a big issue to distinguish the dried roots of Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum in health functional food market. The original plant species of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix belong to the Asclepiadaceae family is differentially described in the national pharmacopoeia of Korea, China and Japan. Owing to the morphological similarities of the dried roots of this plant to those of C. auriculatum, which is often misidentified in Korean herbal medicine marketplace, distinguishing these two species is exceedingly difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare the conventional-PCR with the real-time PCR for detection of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum DNA. We also tried to realize a quantitative real-time PCR assay using species-specific matK primers, which allowed us to estimate the ratio of C. willfordii and C. auriculatum using varying ratios of mixed genomic DNA template from the two species. The differentiation of intentional and unintentional mixture in this study would be applied to food safety management and can be helpful for protection of consumer's right and cultivators.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2017

Objectives : The objective of present study is to evaluate anti-arthritic effects of dried pomegranate concentrate powders (PCP), Eucommiae Cortex aqueous (EC) and ethanolic (ECe) extracts, Achyranthis Radix aqueous (AR) and ethanolic (ARe) extracts on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. Methods : MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay was performed cytotoxic effect of test substances. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ production and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions - collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan. Results : As results, ECe and ARe showed obvious cytotoxicity against primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, respectively. However, no obvious cytotoxic effects of PCP, EC and AR were demonstrated at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. In addition, treatment of LPS $50{\mu}g/ml$ induced significant increases of $PGE_2$ contents and 5-LPO activities indicating inflammatory responses of the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and also decreases of cell viabilities, increases of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities with decreases of extracellular matrix (ECM) related collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expressions were observed by treatment of $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ 50 ng/ml, suggesting damages on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes and related ECM degradations. However, these inflammatory responses and related ECM degradations were inhibited by pretreatment of all test substances, in order of PCP > ECe > ARe > EC > AR, and $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes deaths are inhibited by treatment in order of PCP > EC > AR > ECe > ARe. Conclusions : Taken together, it is expected that mixed formulation of PCP as main components with appropriate proportion of EC and AR as additional components will be achieved a potent alternative medicinal food for osteoarthritis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.621-622
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• 2017

In this paper, a low-complexity FFT processor is proposed for narrow-band interference signal cancellation based array antenna. The proposed FFT pocessor can support the variable length of 64, 128 and 512. By reducing number of non-tirval multipliers with mixed radix-4/2/4/2/4/2 algorithm and flexible multi-path delay commutator(MDC) architecture, the complexity of the proposed FFT processor is dramatically decreased. The proposed FFT processor was designed in Xilinx system generator and Implemented with Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA. With the proposed architecture, the number of slices for the processor is 11454, and the number of DSP48s is 194.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.12-22
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• 2007

In this paper, we designed of the high speed digital neuron processor in order to digital neural networks. we designed of the MAC(Multiplier and Accumulator) operation unit used residue number system without carry propagation for the high speed operation. and we implemented sigmoid active function which make it difficult to design neuron processor. The Designed circuits are descripted by VHDL and synthesized by Compass tools. we designed of MAC operation unit and sigmoid processing unit are proved that it could run time 19.6 nsec on the simulation and decreased to hardware size about 50%, each order. Designed digital neuron processor can be implementation in parallel distributed processing system with desired real time processing, In this paper.