Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine (대한예방한의학회지)

Society of Preventive Korean Medicine (대한예방한의학회)
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Anti-osteoarthritis effects of Pomegranate, Eucommiae cortex and Achyranthis radix extracts on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes

  • Choi, Beom-Rak (Research Institute, HL Science Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Ku, Sae-Kwang (Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Kang, Su-Jin (The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Park, Hye-Rim (Research Institute, HL Science Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Sung, Mi-Sun (Research Institute, HL Science Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Young-Joon (The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University) ;
  • Park, Ki-Moon (Department of Foodscience and biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • Received : 2017.10.18
  • Accepted : 2017.11.20
  • Published : 2017.12.31
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Abstract

Objectives : The objective of present study is to evaluate anti-arthritic effects of dried pomegranate concentrate powders (PCP), Eucommiae Cortex aqueous (EC) and ethanolic (ECe) extracts, Achyranthis Radix aqueous (AR) and ethanolic (ARe) extracts on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. Methods : MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay was performed cytotoxic effect of test substances. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ production and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions - collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan. Results : As results, ECe and ARe showed obvious cytotoxicity against primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, respectively. However, no obvious cytotoxic effects of PCP, EC and AR were demonstrated at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. In addition, treatment of LPS $50{\mu}g/ml$ induced significant increases of $PGE_2$ contents and 5-LPO activities indicating inflammatory responses of the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and also decreases of cell viabilities, increases of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities with decreases of extracellular matrix (ECM) related collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expressions were observed by treatment of $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ 50 ng/ml, suggesting damages on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes and related ECM degradations. However, these inflammatory responses and related ECM degradations were inhibited by pretreatment of all test substances, in order of PCP > ECe > ARe > EC > AR, and $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes deaths are inhibited by treatment in order of PCP > EC > AR > ECe > ARe. Conclusions : Taken together, it is expected that mixed formulation of PCP as main components with appropriate proportion of EC and AR as additional components will be achieved a potent alternative medicinal food for osteoarthritis.

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