• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2006

In this study, the possibility of green tea waste (GTW) as a new ingredient of byproducts-mixed silage was investigated. Characteristics of GTW were low in dry matter (DM) content (20%), and high in crude protein (30 to 36%) and tannins (8.5%). The GTW was added to mixed silages composed of tofu cake, rice straw and rice bran that are locally available in Japan. In experiment 1, the effect of GTW addition to silage made from various patterns of byproducts mixture based on tofu cake was studied. In experiment 2, the effect of GTW addition and storage temperature on fermentation characteristics, nutrient contents and in vitro ruminal gas production of byproducts-mixed silages were examined. In experiment 1, GTW addition on tofu cake accelerated acetic, propionic and butyric acid accumulation in the silage. When rice straw was mixed with tofu cake, DM content was increased from 47 to 56%, lactic acid was the main acid and the pH was decreased below 4.2. In this case, GTW addition to those mixtures did not affect acid concentrations of the silage. In experiment 2, GTW addition to the byproducts mixture increased lactic acid concentration, decreased the pH and DM loss of the silages. In GTW treatments, tannin concentration was lower in the silage stored at $30^{\circ}C$ than $15^{\circ}C$. Addition of GTW into the silage also increased in vitro ruminal gas production. It was concluded that addition of GTW into byproducts-mixed silage enhanced lactic acid fermentation when there were insufficient materials for lactic acid production. Utilization of GTW as an ingredient in mixed silages would be effective in enhancing fermentation characteristics, lowering tannin content and in vitro ruminal gas production.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2000

In the tungsten industry, molybdenum wire which used as the center supporter for coil shape tungsten wire was removed. Nitric acid dissolution method which used prevalently up to the present, takes nitric acid as major component and use noxious material such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid remove molybdenum wire which used as center supporter by dissolve selectively within the range of no damage on tungsten wire. Mixed acid waste water occurred to the process were difficult to be decomposed by the conventional methords. This mixed acid waste water was treated by ozone, and It was obtained using possible by-product through the treatment waste water. For the three reactors with the same volume ; Blank reactor, Disturbance plate reactor, Packed-bed reactor ; the results were as follows : For the blank reactor COD removal efficiency in the pH = 4 (HRT : 6hr) was 28.5%, COD removal efficiency in the pH = 7 (HRT : 6hr) was 28.6%, and COD removal efficiency in the pH = 10 (HRT : 6hr) was 27.8%. For the disturbance plate reactor COD removal efficiency in the pH = 4 (HRT : 6Min.) was 86.5%, COD removal efficiency in the pH =7 (HRT : 6Min.) was 84.4%, and COD removal efficiency in the pH = 10 (HRT : 60Min.) was 86.8%. For the packed-bed reactor COD removal efficiency in the pH = 4 (HRT : 40Min.) was 76.0%, COD removal efficiency in the pH = 7 (HRT : 40Min.) was 81.3%, and COD removal efficiency in the pH = 10 (HRT : 40Min.) was 84.6%. After O3 treatment using possible by-product(Na2SO4) was 150g/ℓ.

• 청정기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2008

LCD 제조공정에서 배출되는 폐에칭액으로부터 조(粗)인산 회수 후 잔류하는 질산, 초산 혼산폐액을 분리하여 자원화함으로써 고부가가치화하고 2차 폐수의 발생이 없는 친환경적인 청정 재활용기술을 개발하고자 진공증발을 이용하여 혼산폐액을 분리하였다. 진공도 -760 mmHg 조건에서 온도의 따른 진공증발 결과 $33^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 초산만 증발되었으나 $33^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 초산과 함께 질산이 미량 증발되었다. 초산 회수율을 높이고 질산 증발을 억제하기 위하여 -760 mmHg, $40^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 증발시간에 따른 증발거동을 조사하고 회수되는 증발량을 고려하여 추가로 물과 원액을 공급하였다. 또한 질산만 선택적으로 반응하도록 20 g/L NaOH를 소량씩 단계적으로 공급하였다. 질산 증발은 batch type 에서는 7%이었으나, 물 추가 시 0.78%, 원액 추가 시 0.25%까지 감소하였다. 20 g/L NaOH를 소량씩 단계적으로 공급한 결과 초산 회수율은 100%까지 증가하였으며, 질산은 6.22%까지 증발하였다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2016

The phytoextraction of some toxic heavy metals from municipal waste dump soil by castor plant (Ricinus communis) was tested under natural and single or mixed chelant-assisted scenarios in pot microcosms. A sandy loam with total metal contents (mg/kg): Cd (84.5), Cu (114.5), Ni (70.3), Pb (57.8), and Zn (117.5), was sampled from an active dumpsite in Calabar, Nigeria and used for the study. Castor (small seed variety) was grown under natural phytoextraction or single/binary chelant (citric acid, oxalic acid, and EDTA) applications (5-20 mmol/kg soil) for 63 days. Castor exhibited no visual phytotoxic symptoms with typically sigmoid growth profiles at the applied chelant doses. Growth rates, however, decelerated with increase in chelant dose. Post-harvest biomass yields were higher under chelant application than for natural phytoextraction. Both root and shoot metal concentrations (mg/kg) increased quasilinearly and significantly ($p{\leq}0.05$) with increase in chelant dose, furnishing maximum levels as: Cd (55.6 and 20.9), Cu (89.5 and 58.4), Ni (49.8 and 19.6), Pb (32.1 and 12.1), and Zn (99.5 and 46.6). Ranges of translocation factors, root and shoot bioaccumulation factors were 0.21-3.49, 0.01-0.89 and 0.01-0.51, respectively. Overall, the binary chelant treatments were less toxic for R. communis growth and enhanced metal accumulation in shoots to a greater extent than the single chelant scenarios, but more so when EDTA was present in the binary combination. This suggests that the mixed chelants could be considered as alternative treatments for enhanced phytoextraction and revegetation of degraded waste dump soils.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.897-905
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• 2006

This study has been conducted to investigate biodegradation characteristics and optimum mixing ratio for co-digestion with thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge using batch anaerobic digester. As the basis operating conditions for anaerobic digestion, the reaction temperature was controlled $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and stirrer was set 70rpm. Thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge were mixed at the ratio of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10 and 5;5(food waste : sewage sludge) as the influent substrates. In results of co-digestion according to mixing ratio of thermophilic fermented food wastes and sewage sludge in batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion reactor, $385mL\;CH_4/g\;VS_{added}$ of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio was more than that of any other mixing ratios. Compared with $293mL\;CH_4/g\;VS_{added}$ of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio of food wastes and sewage sludge, pretreatment of food wastes by thermophilic acid fermentation was more effective in co-digestion with sewage sludge.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2009

반도체 웨이퍼 제조 공정 중 발생하는 질산, 불산, 초산으로 구성된 혼합폐산을 재활용하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 초기에 $NaNO_3$와 Si powder를 사용하여 불산을 $Na_2SiF_6$로 침전시켜 불소화합물을 제조하였고, 이 때 혼산 중 불산의 농도는 초기 127g/L에서 0.5g/L로 낮아져 불산 회수율은 99.5%였다. $Na_2SiF_6$ 제조 후 남은 혼산의 질산과 초산의 농도는 각각 502g/L, 117g/L였고, 이 혼산에 NaOH를 투입하여 pH=4로 맞춘 후 -440 mmHg, $95^{\circ}C에서 증발농축을 하여 초산 분리 회수하였다. 회수된 초산의 농도는 약 15%였고, 회수율은 85.3% 이상이었다. 또한, 농축여액을 $20^{\circ}C$까지 냉각하여 $NaNO_3$ 결정을 석출시킴으로 질산나트륨을 제조하였고, 그 회수율은 약 93%이상이었다. 제조된 $Na_2SiF_6$와 $NaNO_3$를 $90^{\circ}C$에서 건조시킨 후, XRD 분석한 결과, 순수 $Na_2SiF_6$와 $NaNO_3$만 합성된 것을 확인하였고, 그 순도는 각각 약 97%, 98%로 시판용과 유사하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1988

This study is an experimental research on the anaerobic digestion of pig manure and night soil mixed waste at room temperature (25$\circ$C), and the results are shown below: 1. The steady-state condition based on gas production as digestion temperature dropped to 25$\circ$C from 35$\circ$C was achieved at around 28, 47, 56, 64 days respectively when its hydraulic retention time(HRT) are 10, 20, 30, 40 days. 2, Alkalinity and volatile acid(VA) was increased as increasing the organic loading. 3. Removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was improved as longer HRT, and generally COD value is lower and BOD value is higher relatively. 4. Overall treatment efficiencies of mixed waste are higher than of pig manure and of night soft. 5. Organic removal efficiency at room temperature (25$\circ$C) is 20-25% lower at medium temperature (35$\circ$C) in a same VS loading condition. 6. Refractory fraction of the infiuent VS and organic removal rate constant(K) estimated at around 37% and 0.107/day respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.969-976
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• 2004

Cassava peelings waste, which is both a waste and pollutant, was chemically modified using mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) and used to adsorb $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ from aqueous solution over a wide range of reaction conditions at $30^{\circ}C$. Acid modification produced a larger surface area, which significantly enhanced the metal ion binding capacity of the biomass. An adsorption model based on the $Cu^{2+}/Cd^{2+}$ adsorption differences was developed to predict the competition of the two metal ions towards binding sites for a mixed metal ion system. The phytosorption process was examined in terms of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The models indicate that the cassava waste biomass had a greater phytosorption capacity, higher affinity and greater sorption intensity for $Cu^{2+}\;than\;Cd^{2+}$. According to the evaluation using Langmuir equation, the monolayer binding capacity obtained was 127.3 mg/g $Cu^{2+}$ and 119.6 mg/g $Cd^{2+}$. The kinetic studies showed that the phytosorption rates could be described better by a pseudo-second order process and the rate coefficients was determined to be $2.04{\times}10^{-3}\;min^{-1}\;and\;1.98{\times}10^{-3}\;min^{-1}\;for\;Cu^{2+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ respectively. The results from these studies indicated that acid treated cassava waste biomass could be an efficient sorbent for the removal of toxic and valuable metals from industrial effluents.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2004년도 학술논문집
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• pp.158-166
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• 2004

원자력 발전소에서 발생하는 방사성 폐기물인 이온교환수지, 제올라이트, 활성탄 및 슬러지에 포함된 핵종 분석을 위한 최적의 산분해 조건을 확립하였다. 방사성 폐기물의 분해에는 혼합산을 이용한 밀폐형 극초단파 산분해법을 사용하였으며, 제안한 방법에 따른 산분해 후의 용액은 맑고 색이 없는 투명한 상태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 산분해 과정을 거친 각각의 용액 시료는 ICP-AES와 AAS를 사용하여 분석하였고, 모의 방사성 폐기물에 첨가한 5종의 금속 원소들은 94% 이상의 높은 회수율을 보여주었다. 화학적 특성을 고려하여 제안된 산분해 조건은 핵종 분석을 위한 효과적인 전처리 방법으로써, 향후 원전의 유형별 방사성 폐기물에 대해 보편적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL & GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT
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• pp.59-61
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• 2005

In Korea, hundreds of abandoned and closed coal and metallic mines are present in the steep mountain valleys due to the depression of the mining industry since the late 1980s. From these mines, enormous amounts of coal waste were dumped on the slopes, which causes sedimentation and acid mine drainage (AMD) to be discharged directly into streams causing detrimental effects on soil and water environments. A limestone slurry by-product (lime cake) is produced from the Solvay process in manufacturing soda ash. It has very fine particles, low hydraulic conductivities ($10^{-8}{\sim}10^{-9}cm/sec$), high pH, high EC due to the presence of CaO, MgO and $CaCl_2$ as major components, and traces of heavy metals. Due to these properties, it has potential to be used as a neutralizer for acid-producing materials. A field plot experiment was used to test the application of lime cake for reclaiming coal wastes. Each plot was 20 x 5 m (L x W) in size on a 56% slope. Treatments included a control (waste only), calcite ($CaCO_3$), and lime cake. The lime requirement (LR) for the coal waste to pH 7.0 was determined and treatments consisted of adding 100%, 50%, and 25% of the LR. The lime cake and calcite were also applied in either a layer between the coal waste and topsoil or mixed into the topsoil and coal waste. Each plot was hydroseeded with grasses and planted with trees. In each plot, surface runoff and subsurface water were collected. The lime cake treatments increased the pH of coal waste from 3.5 to 6, and neutralized the pH of the runoff and leachate of the coal waste from 4.3 to 6.7.