• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.215-230
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial characteristics of academically maladjusted students and the College's current status regarding academic maladjustment based on 4-year medical student cohort data collected from 2018 to 2021 and through interviews with 10 medical education experts using the integrated research method. This study included 223 students who consented to inclusion in the student cohort and participated in the emotional behavior test and college adaptability test of whom 65 students experienced academic maladjustment. Academically maladjusted students had significantly higher scores for social stress, anxiety, sense of inadequacy, attention, hyperactivity, and school maladjustment, and significantly lower scores for relationships with parents, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-strength. Academic and social integrity, emotional stability, university satisfaction, and university service satisfaction were all significantly lower in the academically maladjusted students than in the non-maladjusted group. The expert interviews indicated that academic maladjustment was mainly recognized as a personal problem, with causes such as lack of motivation and learning methods, vulnerability to stress, lack of social relationships and alienation, lack of support from the family, and insufficient resilience. Systematic support other than counseling for academically maladjusted students is required, and an early diagnosis and preventive intervention are important.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2023

Soil salinity is becoming one of the most devastating environmental hazards over the years. Soil investigation involves fast, low cost and non disturbing methods to measure soil characteristics for both construction projects as well as for agricultural use. The electrical resistivity of saline soils is greatly governed by salt concentration and the presence of moisture in soil matrix. Experimental results of this investigation highlight that there is a significant relationship between the electrical resistivity of soil samples mixed with chloride solutions (NaCl, KCl, and MgCl₂) at various concentrations, and soil physical properties. Correlations represented by quadratic functions were obtained between electrical resistivity and soil characteristics, namely, water content, degree of saturation and salt concentration. This research reveals that the obtained correlations between electrical resistivity, salt concentration, water content and degree of saturation are effective for predicting the characteristics of salt affected soils in practice, which constitute a governing element in the assessment of saline lands sustaining infrastructure.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.389-395
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• 2023

Background: Dental caries prevention is a key research focus in dentistry, requiring advancements in the formulation of dental sealants. This study investigated the physical and antibacterial attributes of dental sealant enriched with phytoncide. Methods: Phytoncide was mixed with a commercially available dental sealant (Clinpro) at concentrations of 0 (control), 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% by weight (wt%). The flexural strength, curing depth, and wettability of the dental sealant were measured. Antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans were evaluated through the enumeration of colony-forming units. Statistical analyses employed one-way variance analysis followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: The dental sealant containing 3% phytoncide showed no significant difference in flexural strength and curing depth compared with that in the control group (p>0.05). The flexural strength and curing depth decreased with increasing phytoncide content and significantly differed in sealant containing 4.5 wt% phytoncide (p<0.05). Wettability did not differ between the experimental and control groups (p>0.05). The antibacterial properties of the sealant containing 1.5% phytoncide were the same as those of the control group (p>0.05). The bacterial viability was significantly reduced in groups containing 3% and 4.5% phytoncide compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dental sealants incorporating phytoncide have a promising potential as antibacterial dental materials.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2024

Background: In today's modern world, longer working hours, shift work, and working at night have become major causes of the disruption of our natural circadian rhythms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the type of shift work (rotating vs. fixed day), duty period (on-duty vs. off-duty), and working period within each shift (nighttime vs. daytime) on the circadian rhythm characteristics of nurses who provide direct patient care. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling method. Cosinor analysis was applied to analyze the actigraphy data of nurses providing direct patient care for seven consecutive days. The linear mixed effects model was then used to determine any variances between shift type, duty period, and working period within each shift for the nurses. Results: The mesor value did not differ according to nurses' shift type, duty period, and working period within each shift. The amplitude was statistically higher in on-duty nurses and in daytime working hours. The acrophase was significantly delayed in nighttime working hours. As well as nurses in rotating shift had experience. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the peak activity of nurses occurs significantly later at night while working and nurses working during nighttime hours may have a weaker or less distinct circadian rhythm. Thus, this study suggests that limits be placed on the number of rotating nighttime shifts for nurses.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.146-154
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• 2024

Purpose: Infection by the intracellular apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has serious clinical consequences in humans and veterinarians around the world. Although about a third of the world's population is infected with T. gondii, there is still no effective vaccine against this disease. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a multimeric vaccine against T. gondii using the proteins calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK)1, CDPK2, CDPK3, and CDPK5. Materials and Methods: Top-ranked major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II binding as well as shared, immunodominant linear B-cell epitopes were predicted and linked using appropriate linkers. Moreover, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 (adjuvant) was mixed with the construct's N-terminal to increase the immunogenicity. Then, the vaccine's physicochemical characteristics, antigenicity, allergenicity, secondary and tertiary structure were predicted. Results: The finally-engineered chimeric vaccine had a length of 680 amino acids with a molecular weight of 74.66 kDa. Analyses of immunogenicity, allergenicity, and multiple physiochemical parameters indicated that the constructed vaccine candidate was soluble, non-allergenic, and immunogenic, making it compatible with humans and hence, a potentially viable and safe vaccine candidate against T. gondii parasite. Conclusion: In silico, the vaccine construct was able to trigger primary immune responses. However, further laboratory studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness and safety.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 2008

Energy efficiency and nutrient balance are good methods for environmental assessment of the environmentally-friendly agriculture. The objectives of this study were 1) to estimate the energy efficiency and nutrient balance of the organic rice farming, and 2) to suggest a solution to improvement the energy efficiency and nutrient balance. The set of estimation was performed at the organic rice farming area (8.9 ha) in Wanju-gun during the paddy cultivation period from 2006 to 2007. The organic farming complex consists of four weeding methods using 1) duck, 2) apple snail, 3) duck and apple snail and 4) hands and machinery. Results from this estimation should that the organic rice farming area was less efficient than conventional rice farming. The efficiency of organic farming area in 2006 was higher than in 2007. For the calculation of the nutrient balance, the N, P and K contents of input materials (cattle manure, milk vetch, mixed oilcake, rice bran, rice straw and barley straw) and output (farm products) were analysed. Annual environmental loads of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ were estimated at 4.4 kg/10a, 13.8 kg/10a and 14.5 kg/10a, respectively. Cattle manure had the largest portion among the inputs items and nutrient concentration of cattle manure was high. Thus energy efficiency and nutrient balance depend on cattle manure input. Therefore it is necessary to control the manure input to improve the efficiency of organic rice farming.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2012

The main objective of this study is to assess the compatibility between Korean ministry of environment (KME) standard and ISO (KS I ISO) standard for the determination of BTEX and TPH content in soil. We carried out comparison analysis for both methods using CRM and matrix spiked samples. In case of GC-MS analysis for BTEX, we got statistically (significance level: 0.05) the same results from KME standard (ES 07600.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 15009). However, it showed statistically (significance level: 0.05) different results when TPH was analyzed by KME standard (ES 07552.1) and ISO standard (KS I ISO 16703). To clarify the reason why both methods produced different results for TPH content, we also did some additional experiments in terms of differences in extraction, clean-up and target hydrocarbon range. Extraction with polar and non-polar compounds mixed solvent (acetone+n-heptane) of KS I ISO 16703 showed higher extraction efficiency than with only non polar solvent (dichloromethane) extraction of ES 07552.1 by about 9%. While column type clean-up of KS I ISO 16703 showed the reduction in TPH content between before and after clean-up, batch type of clean-up of ES 07552.1 did not show any changes in TPH content through clean-up process. The target hydrocarbon range of ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703 is $C_8{\sim}C_{40}$ and $C_{10}{\sim}C_{40}$, respectively. From this point of view, kerosene and JP-8 contaminated soil showed higher RPD (relative producibility deviation) values between results by both method than that of lubricant or diesel contaminated soil. The higher content of hydrocarbon ($C_8{\sim}C_{10}$) in kerosene and JP-8 played an important role in increasing RPD values in addition to the effects caused by different solvents and clean-up method. Consequently, it was concluded that both methods (ES 07552.1 and KS I ISO 16703) were not compatible.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.69
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• pp.77-104
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the research trend of forest play. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the vitalization of forest play research by analyzing the research period, research content, and research methods. For this study, 57 domestic master's and doctoral dissertations were extracted through the National Assembly Library and the Research Information Sharing Service(RISS) with the keywords of 'forest', 'play', and 'forest play'. The frequency and percentage were calculated by analyzing forest play research based on four criteria: research period, research content, research method, and research subject. As a result of the research, first, the trend of forest play research by period is from 2011 to 2021, with 49 articles (85.9%) for master's degrees and 8 articles (14.1%) for doctor's degrees. Second, the trend by research content was found to be 16 basic studies (28.1%) and 41 practical studies (71.9%). Forest play research is being actively conducted centered on practical research. Third, the trends by research method were in the order of 39 quantitative studies (68.4%), 17 qualitative studies (29.8%), and 1 literature study (1.8%). Forest play research is focused on quantitative research, and comparatively qualitative research and literature research account for a low proportion. Fourth, the trend by study subject was 56 single subject studies (98.2%). The single subjects were 52 children (91.2%), 3 teachers (5.2%), and 1 parent (1.8%). As for the mixed subjects, there is one study (1.8%) targeting children and parents, and it is necessary to conduct a study with mixed subjects. As for the study of material subjects, 42 articles (73.7%) in the natural environment, 13 articles (22.8%) in educational institutions, and 2 articles (3.5%) in the media were found in the order. Research on the home environment related to forest play is insufficient, so research on parents, children-parents, and home environment related to forest play should be conducted in the future.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.311-320
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• 2011

Public libraries in Korea have undergone changes from libraries for just reading or keeping books to libraries with cultural facilities that provide information through various media. It was because of the "plan for building the information-oriented library" in 2000 that made the complexation of public library in progress. The alterations of the system have changed the structure as well as the grade ranks but haven't been considered enough for administrators or visitors. Hereupon, we are to study of the features by analyzing how the application of the system changed the structure of library. There are four stages in research methods. First, concept of public library and functional elements requested in the process of complexation were studied from literature. Second, vertical, horizontal and circulate changes were studied by applying subject libraries into prior research stereotyping the libraries. Third, mutual relations between each place were studied through J-Graph by elements. Lastly, rank changes according to centrality of space and users were quantitatively studied with space syntax. 4 notable changes were found in these analyses. (1)Vertical, horizontal and circulate structure of public libraries were homogenized. Since 2001, however, they have become diversified as all-in-one or detachable. (2)The space structure of library before 2001 was shallow tree shape while in 2001, period of transition, was the tree shape mixed with ring shape. As time goes on, it has become shallow tree shape again but connected by ring shape in part of reading and common space and in digital reference room. (3)Digital reference room was center of the space around 2001 and it ranked top for integration. After 2007, however, it has become setting off-center. (4)About the purpose of using public libraries, using it as space for administrators ranked top followed by space for visitors and common space before. For now, common space ranks top and space for visitors and administrators. 5 subject public libraries were selected respectively before and after 2001.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1081-1085
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• 2017

Objective: Previously, we reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting backfat thickness (BFT) traits on pig chromosome 5 (SW1482-SW963) in an F2 intercross population between Landrace and Korean native pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) as a positional candidate gene underlying the QTL affecting BFT traits. Methods: Genotype and phenotype analyses were performed using the 1,105 $F_2$ progeny. A mixed-effect linear model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the BFT traits in the $F_2$ intercross population. Results: Highly significant associations of two informative SNPs (c.2442 T>C, c.3316 C>G [R1106G]) in GRIP1 with BFT traits were detected. In addition, the two SNPs were used to construct haplotypes that were also highly associated with the BFT traits. Conclusion: The SNPs and haplotypes of the GRIP1 gene determined in this study can contribute to understand the genetic structure of BFT traits in pigs.