• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2021

Due to changes such as those stemming from the onset of the fourth industrial revolution, it is expected that industrial complexes will transform from being spacious structures into smaller, integrated complexes. Green parks, which are also a type of infrastructure within industrial complexes, also require planned direction suited to the changing environment. The planned directions of green parks in new industrial complexes were examined and surveys were conducted on industrial complex workers. Preferred functional arrangement, importance, and satisfaction levels of green ratios, preference of compound facilities linked to parks, appropriate dimensional greening methods were all surveyed across 1,035 businesses. Results of the survey exhibited that there was high awareness on the importance of building green areas, but it was found that current greenery levels were insufficient. There was a high rate of responses indicated that dimensional greening is required in building-type industrial spaces, and preferences for rooftop greenery, stair-type greenery, and atrium greenery were also high. There were many opinions that it is necessary to integrate cultural facilities, exhibition and educational facilities, commercial facilities, parking lots in parks. Furthermore, it was found that it is necessary to provide pathways for bikes and pedestrians, rather than those for vehicles, and to connect them with the green parks. This study stopped short of exploring the directions for which green parks should aim in new industrial complexes with changes in the industrial environment. In the future, more concrete plans on green park planning techniques according to the spatial characteristics and structures of new industrial complexes will be necessary.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.315-323
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of barium silicate filler contents on mechanical properties of resin nanoceramics (RNCs) for additive manufacturing (AM). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Additively manufactured RNC specimens were divided into 4 groups depending on the content of ceramic fillers and polymers: 0% barium silicate and 100% polymer (B0/P10, control group); 50% barium silicate and 50% polymer (B5/P5); 60% barium silicate and 40% polymer (B6/P4); 67% barium silicate and 33% polymer (B6.7/P3.3). The compressive strength (n = 15) and fracture toughness (n = 12) of the specimens were measured, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed. Independent sample Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed on the compressive strength and fracture toughness test results, and the significance of each group was analyzed at the 95% confidence interval through post-tests using the Bonferroni's method. RESULTS. B6/P4 and B6.7/P3.3 exhibited much higher yield strength than B0/P10 and B5/P5 (P < .05). Compared to the control group (B0/P10), the other three groups exhibited higher ultimate strength (P < .05). The fracture toughness of B6/P4 and B6.7/P3.3 were similar (P > .05). The content of barium silicate and fracture toughness showed a positive correlation coefficient (R = 0.582). SEM and EDS analyses revealed the presence of an oval-shaped ceramic aggregate in B6/P4 specimens, whereas the ceramic filler and polymer substrate were homogeneously mixed in B6.7/P3.3. CONCLUSION. Increasing the ceramic filler content improves the mechanical properties, but it can be accompanied by a decrease in the flowability and the homogeneity of the slurry.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.238-247
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers' knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services. Methods: This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants. Results: Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs' side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services. Conclusions: There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.257-272
• /
• 2016

TBM으로 터널 시공 중 막장면에서 갑작스럽게 문제가 발생하는 경우 공간적인 제한 때문에 NATM공법으로 시공되는 터널에 비해서 적절한 대처를 하기가 어렵다. TBM으로 터널 시공 중에 막장전방의 지반상태를 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하기 때문에 탄성파, 전자기파 등을 이용하여 TBM 면판 전방의 지반상태를 예측하는 연구 및 기술개발이 이루어졌다. 대부분의 TBM 현장에서는 공사기간 및 비용을 고려하여 1개의 막장전방 예측기법을 적용한다. 그러나 막장전방 예측기법의 종류에 따라서 탐사심도, 적용 가능한 지질조건, 예측할 수 있는 대상, 예측 정확도 등이 다르다. 복합적인 지질조건에 위치한 TBM 터널 시공 시에는 여러 가지 막장전방 예측기법을 적용하는 것이 막장 전방의 지질 조건을 정확하게 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 여러 가지 막장전방 예측기법을 동시에 적용하였을 경우 각각의 기법으로부터 얻어진 지반상태는 다른 결과를 나타낼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 각각의 막장전방 예측기법으로부터 얻어진 막장전방의 지반상태를 종합적으로 평가하기 위한 방법을 제안하였다. 확률론적 분석과 계층분석기법을 이용하여 막장전방의 지반 상태를 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 통합 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 본 연구에서 제안한 모델을 가상의 지반에 적용하여, 종합적으로 지반 상태를 평가할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 식품과학과 산업
• /
• 제55권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2022

제외국에는 지정되었지만 국내에는 아직 미지정된 식품첨가물의 종류가 많다. 전세계적으로 가공식품이 꾸준히 개발됨에 따라 새로운 유형의 가공식품의 등장이 증가하고 있으며, 국가별로 수출입에 관한 법률 규정이 상이하여 우리나라에서는 안전성 검정 및 사용량 제한이 되어있지 않은 식품첨가물을 이용한 새로운 가공식품이 국내 수입식품 중 혼입되어 유통될 수 있다. 이에 따라 국민의 안전한 먹거리를 보장하기 위한 지속적인 모니터링을 하기 위하여 미지정 식품첨가물의 분석법 개발이 필요하다. 본 고에서는 학계에서 진행된 분석법 개발과 검증에 대한 연구를 소개하였으며, 선행연구에서 제시된 분석법을 활용하여 분석법 개발을 진행하였다. 첫 번째 소개된 12가지 식품 착색료에 대한 동시분석법은 선행연구 분석법의 재현이 용이하였지만, 두 번째 소개된 유화제의 분석법은 일반적인 연구실에는 구비되지 않은 고가의 장비를 이용한 분석법에 대해 활용이 불가하고, 선행 연구된 간행물이 오래되어 재현이 어려운 문제점이 있었다. 가공식품 시장이 커지면서 식품첨가물이 신생되기도 하고, 까다로운 분석물질이 등장함에 따라 미지정 식품첨가물의 분석법 개발 연구는 중요하다. 따라서 이에 관련된 국가기관(식약처 등)과 산업계, 연구계, 학계에서는 미지정 식품첨가물의 분석법 개발에 대한 끊임없는 연구 진행이 필요하며, 본 연구 분야의 발전 가능성은 무궁무진할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 2008

본 실험에서는 답리작으로 호밀과 헤어리 베치를 단파 혹은 혼파 재배 시 화학비료와 가축분뇨의 시용에 따른 생산성과 사료가치를 평가하여 양질의 조사료 자원을 확보하고자 실시되었는데, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 답리작으로 호밀 단파구와 호밀 및 헤어리 베치 혼파구의 연 평균 건물과 가소화양분총량(TDN) 수량은 각각 ha 당 7.2와 4.0 ton 및 8.0과 4.4 ton으로 헤어리 베치 단파구의 연 건물수량과 TDN 수량(4.5 및 2.7 ton/ha) 보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 호밀과 헤어리 베치의 혼파재배구(7.7%)가 조단백질 함량이 호밀 단파구보다 높았으며 TDN 함량과 RFV(각각 55.8과 79.4)도 높았다. 호밀재배 시 액상우분뇨를 100% 시용한 구에서는 연 건물수량과 TDN 수량이 ha 당 각각 7.4과 4.1 ton으로 인산과 칼리만 시비한 구(7.2와 3.9 ton/ha)와 무비구(5.5와 3.1 ton/ha) 보다 높았으며 화학비료 대비 연 건물수량과 TDN 수량이 각각 75.52와 78.97%의 수준을 나타내었다. 또한 TDN 함량과 RFV도 무비구와 액상우분뇨가 다른 처리구 보다 높게 나타났다. 호밀과 헤어리 베치 혼파재배 시 액상우분뇨를 100% 시용한 구에서는 ha 당 각각 7.6과 4.5 ton을 나타내어 질소, 인산 및 칼리 시비구 대비 연 건물수량과 TDN 수량이 79.50과 86.77%의 수준을 나타내었고 조단백질 함량은 액상우분뇨 시 용구에서 8.5%로 다른 처리구 보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), TDN 함량과 RFV도 각각 58.3%와 86으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 호밀의 단파보다는 헤어리 베치와의 혼파가 건물수량은 감소하지만 사료가치의 개선 및 영양수량의 증가를 초래하였으며 이와 더불어 화학비료 시비구 보다 액상우분뇨 시용으로 자원의 재활용, 조사료의 품질 개선 및 사료가치의 급감을 방지하여 수확시기 연장 등을 기대할 수 있었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.94-106
• /
• 2012

최근 국내외적으로 활발히 추진되고 있는 복합용도 도시재생사업의 경우, 사업초기 계획의 불확실성, 자금조달의 어려움, 사업비 증가 및 사업기간 지연 등으로 인하여 리스크 및 불확실성이 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 이처럼 급격한 사회 경제적 변화에 대응하고 리스크 감소를 통한 주체별 편익의 최적화를 유도하기 위해서는, 사업초기단계에서의 정확한 계획과 함께 사업의 생애주기를 고려한 리스크 기반의 변화관리 프로세스가 요구된다. 또한 변화관리 프로세스는 업무프로세스와 연계하여 변화요인 대한 측정 및 평가, 대응할 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 하지만 건설분야에서의 변화관리에 관한 연구는 조직, 리더쉽, 사상 등의 인문/사회학적 측면에 국한되어 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복합용도 도시재생사업에서의 체계적인 변화관리를 수행하기 위하여 리스크 기반의 변화요인을 추출할 수 있는 MECA(Metrix for Evaluation of Risk based Configuration factors Alternatives)방법론과 변화에 대한 사업비, 사업기간, 리스크를 통합하여 평가할 수 있는 3DAM(Three-Dimensional Area Measurement Method)과 CII(Configuration Innovation Index) 방법론을 개발하여, 변화에 유기적으로 대응할 수 있는 변화관리 프로세스를 제안하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.4.1-4.7
• /
• 2016

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods: For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). The rumen fluid was collected from three Hanwoo steers and mixed with buffer solution, after which buffered rumen fluid was transferred into serum bottles containing 2 g dry matter (DM) of TMR added with or without RWR. The samples were then incubated for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h at $39^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm. For the in vivo experiment, 27 Hanwoo steers (6 months old) with an average weight of $196{\pm}8.66kg$ were subjected to a 24-week feeding trial. The animals were randomly selected and equally distributed into three groups. After which the body weight, feed intake and blood characteristics of each group were investigated. Results: The pH of the treatments decreased significantly relative to the control during the 12 h of incubation. Total gas production and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) was not affected by RWR addition. The total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower after 24 h of incubation but at other incubation times, the concentration was not affected by treatments. Feed cost was 8 % and 15 % lower in T1 and T2 compared to control. Blood alcohol was not detected and a significant increase in total weight gain and average daily gain were observed in Hanwoo steers fed with RWR. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study suggest that TMR amended with 15 % RWR can be used as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce feed cost.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.295-305
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Recent research showed that total mixed ration (TMR) feeding for pigs improved the productivity and reduced feed cost and manure odor. An automatic TMR feeding system was developed for this study because the conventional feeder cannot deliver the TMR containing roughage. Methods: Conventional feeding systems and physical properties of TMR were surveyed, and performance tests of the conventional feeder were conducted to develop a TMR feeder. Based on the TMR feeder was developed and installed, driving, measuring weight, radio frequency identification (RFID) reading, and discharging test for feeding were conducted to ensure the performance. Results: Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 1 (mixture of 30% cut IRG silage and 70% concentrates) were 31.6%, 387 $kg/m^3$, and $51^{\circ}$, respectively. Moisture content, density, and angle of repose of the TMR 2 (mixture of 45% concentrates, 30% cut IRG silage and by-products, 10% bean curd refuse, 10% others, and 5% fermenter) were 22.2%, 544 $kg/m^3$, and $50^{\circ}$, respectively. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) of conventional concentrate feeding were 1.9~4.1%, and C.V. of TMR containing 1~3% cut IRG roughage feeding by conventional feeder were 9~42%. The conventional disc type feeder was not suitable for TMR feeding because the supply unit was clogged. The C.V. of TMR 1 was 0.6~7.9% when 0.5~10 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs and sows. On the contrary, the C.V. with TMR 2 was 28% when 0.5 kg of the TMR supplied, and it was not suitable for feeding sows. Conclusions: The TMR feeder developed in this study was suitable for feeding grow-finish pigs because the feeder performed stably with over 5.0 kg feed. However, the feeder showed a lack of accuracy for feeding sows because the amount of each feed was more than 0.5 kg per a feeding. Therefore, the improvement of outlet structure for accurate feeding is needed for sow feeding.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.377-398
• /
• 1993

A survey of infant practices was conducted to provide information on which to base planned nursing interventions. The subjects were a convenience sample of 168 mothers visiting out - patients departments of five general hospitals and one public health center in Seoul for immunizations or treatment for common colds for their infants from two to 12 months of age. Data collection was carried out from July 8th to September 30th, 1991 using a questionnaire of 84 questions, 31 on the type of feeding, 22 on supplementary feeding and 21 on demographic infer mation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) The type of feeding was primarily artificial feed-ing (63.1%), followed by mixed feeding (22%) and breast feeding (14.9%) of the 59 mothers expecting during pregnancy to breast feed, 54. 2% changed artificial feeding and 30.5% went on to breast feed as they had expected. For mothers expecting to continue breast feeding over seven months. only one infant was being breast fed for over seven months. 2) For the 106 mothers using artificial feeding, 70. 8% hed attempted breast feeding, 64% of them for less than a month. Breast milk had been suppressed by for medication (38.7%) : 34.9% had used no specia] means. 3) The major reasons for replacing breast feeding with artificial feeding were the infants' demand for more milk (47.2% ) and insufficient supply of breast milk (49.3％). 4) Most mixed feeding was started at the age of one to three months (59.5%). Only 34.4% gave an artificial feeding after breast feeding : most (46%) alternated breast feeding with artificial feeding. On the whole, the motive for mixed feeding was the lack of breast milk (70.3%). 5) Many mothers (81.8%) were adding vitamin or mineral supplements to artificial milk and 51.5% were adding something to faciliate digestion. As for the method of sterilizing milk bottles and nipples, 56% had sterilized them together in boiling water from the beginning : 27% were just washing the bottles after boiling only once initially when measuring artificial milk powder, 31. 5% of the mothers over filled the measuring spoon rather than to the level. 6) The mother's occupation was related to her way of feeding. Mothers at home full time did more breast feeding than mothers employed outside the home. (x²=5.72, p=〈0.05). 7) Most mothers began supplementary food, from three to four months (48.8%) : 11.2% began later than seven months. Supplementary food was given between milk feedings by 67.2% of the mothers : 19.2% gave it before a milk feeding. Some mothers(26.4%) made their own supplementary food : 19.2% used ready - made supplementary food products for convenience. Recommendations for nursing interventions included : 1. Prenatal education about the advantages of breast feeding and breast care, and home visits after delivery for counselling related to breast feeding. Correct preparation of artificial feeding methods need to be taught in both pre & postnatal periods. In addition, specific education about supplementary feeding needed. 2. Further research is indicated about the Perceived lack of supply of breast milk and about the effectiveness of nursing interventions to Promote breast feeding.