• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2021

In this paper, we have reported the expression of immune-related gene in a new embryonic cell line (FGBC8) which was established from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryos. To explore the cell biotechnological applicability, the FGBC8 cells were incubated with the several mitogens such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), flagellin, and interferon (IFN)-γ. After incubation, the expression of immune-related gene was observed in FGBC8 cells through the quantitative real-time PCR. Our results indicate that FGBC8 cells will serve as a valuable research tool for investigating host-pathogen interactions as well as cell biotechnological applications.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1987

N. fowleri를 감염시키고 그 경과에 따른 숙주의 면역기능 변동을 알아보고자 마우스에 N. fowleri를 감염시키고 그 경과에 따른 T임파구 기능과 혈청내 항체가를 관찰하였다. T임파구 기능을 알아보기 위하여 비장세포를 배양할 때 mitogen으로 con. A와 N. fowleri lysate를 첨가하고 42시간 배양후 $methyl-[^3H]-thymidine$을 넣어 비장세포에 uptake되는 정도를 측정하였으며 혈청내 항체가는 효소표식 면역검사법(ELISA)으로 측정하였다. 실험성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. T임파구의 기능은 사용된 mitogen con. A와 N. fowleri lysated에 관계없이 감염 후 3일부터 감소되어 11일까지 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. 감염후 15일에는 N. fowleri lysate를 사용하였을 경우 T임파구 기능이 계속 감소되어 있었으나 con. A를 첨가하였을때 정상대조군과 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine regulation, and hepatic oxidative status were determined. RESLUTS: Pyc supplementation with 50 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}bw{\cdot}d^{-1}$ resulted in partial extension of the median survival time. Pyc supplementation led to increased T and B cell response against mitogens and recovery of an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokine and increased secretion of Th2 cytokine. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by micronutrient deficiency, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level. However, Pyc supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation, which may result from restoration of hepatic vitamin E level. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Pyc supplementation ameliorates premature death by restoring immune dysfunction, such as increasing lymphocyte proliferation and regulation of cytokine release from helper T cells, which may result from the antioxidative ability of Pyc.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 1997

In the purification of elaiophylin from a culture of Streptomyces hygroscopicus MCY -846, mono- and di-methyl-elaiophylin were obtained through a O-methylation of the hemiketal hydroxy group of elaiophylin. All the three elaiophylins showed cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines and murine cell lines. Elaiophylin and monomethyl-elaiophylin also showed antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria and potent inhibitory effects on the activation of B cells by lipopolysaccharide as well as on the proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens but dimethyl-elaiophylin did not. This result indicates that elaiophylin and monomethyl-elaiophylin would be strong immunosuppressants. Furthermore this result revealed an interesting structure-activity relationship suggesting that the lack of symmetry and/or the free OH group at C-11 of elaiophylin might be important in conferring biological activities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1145-1149
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• 2004

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production. This experiment was carried out to test the effect of $\beta$-glucan supplementation on the growth performance and immune response in broilers. Total of 160 day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups fed corn-soybean diets containing 0, 0.012, 0.025 or 0.05% of $\beta$-glucan supplement in a 6 week feeding experiment. Growth performance, antibody titer against New Castle vaccine, lymphocyte blastogensis, and peritoneal macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers were evaluated. Results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatments, and no differences in antibody titer was observed. Supplementation of $\beta$-glucan did not elevate the lymphocyte blastogensis among treatments, following stimulation with different mitogens. However, supplementation with 0.025 and 0.05% $\beta$-glucan enhanced the macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers. These results suggest that $\beta$-glucan may enhance some cell-mediated immune responses of chickens by modulate macrophages ability.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter. After female ICR mice were treated Mancozeb orally at the doses of 250, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 30 day, we investigated the effects of Mancozeb on the immunopathological parameters (body-, thymus-, spleen-, liver- and kidny-weight, splenic cellularity, hematological parameters) and mitogen (Con A, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP). Liver- and kidney- weight were increased, but body- and thymus-weight, number of splenocytes and WBC were decreased, when compared with control group. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to Mancozeb for 30 days were cultured in presence of mitogens, the SP against Con A was significantly and dose-dependently decreased and the SP against LPS was also slightly decreased. Our present results indicate that subacute exposure of Mancozeb to mice might show immunotoxic effect.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2013

Gamma irradiation (${\gamma}IR$) is widely used for radiotherapy as a treatment of cancer cells although it has a risk to damage normal cells. Inflammation is regarded as one of side effects of ${\gamma}IR$ while the effect of low dose of ${\gamma}IR$ on inflammation has not been researched well. Here, we investigated the inflammatory responses of low dose of ${\gamma}IR$ on murine spleen cells. It was evaluated if ${\gamma}IR$ affected the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, the regulation of various inflammatory cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-17, IL-4, IL-10), and the involvement of Ikaros and MAPK/NF-${\kappa}B$ medicated mechanism. Exposure of $^{137}Cs-{\gamma}IR$ below 2 Gy decreased the lymphocytes proliferative response to mitogens (LPS, ConA) except at the lowest dose, 0.05 Gy. IL-17, IL-2 and IL-4 mRNA increased at 0.5 and 2 Gy, but not altered at 0.05 Gy. IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokine, increased only at 0.05 Gy. In regard to intracellular signaling, p-JNK, p-p38 and p-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ were not changed, whereas the activation of ERK and Ikaros increased at the lowest dose. These results suggest that exposure of ${\gamma}IR$ less than 0.5 Gy (or below 0.05 Gy) has beneficial effects as a radiation hormesis on immune function.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1122-1126
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• 2002

We have examined whether Soamsan 1 (SA 1) augment the inhibitory effect of oral administration of Soamsan (SA) on lung metastasis of mouse 816 melanoma cells. The inhibitory effect was slightly enhanced by increase in administration dosage of SA 1. SA 1 as well as SA inhibited effectively the lung metastasis regardless of the pretreatment with anti-mouseNK monoclonal antibody. However, in the case of 2-chloroadenosine-pretreated mice, the inhibitory effects of SA and SA 1 were decreased by 18 and 23%, respectively. In vitro stimulation of the mouse splenocytes with mitogens showed that SA or SA 1 significantly augmented the proliferation of mouse splenocytes. Especially, the activity was more prominent in the presence of a B cell mitogen. LPS than a T cell mitogen, Con A. These results suggest that oral administration of SA 1 or SA inhibited lung metastasis of B16 melanoma cells, possibly through a mechanism mediated by the activation of macrophages and B lymphocytes in the host immune system. However, SA 1 did not showed more significant augment of the activation of immune system than SA.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2008

Plants have long been used as a food source in Korea. In this study, we investigated the combined immunomodulative effects of a water extract mixture of(pine needles, Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, hijkiaorme, buckwheat and Peril a leaves) on Balb/c mice $7{\sim}8$ weeks old. The mice were fed a chow diet ad libitum and the plant extract was orally administered every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg BW). After preparing the single-cell suspension, splenocyte proliferation was determined by the MTT(3-[4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. After 48hrs of incubation with the mitogens(ConA or LPS) splenocyte from the mice groups administered 50 and 500 mg/kg BW of the plant extract showed a significant increased in proliferation compared to the control group. A hemolytic plague forming cell assay was used to indicate antibody production against sheep red blood cells(SRBC). The number of antibody-secreting cells T-dependent antigen. The result of this study suggest that supplementation with this plant extract may regulate immune function by increasing splenocyte proliferation and the number of plaque forming cells.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2008

Codonopsis lanceolata has long been used as a seasonal food and as a traditional tonic medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. The present study investigated the in vitro effect of Codonopsis lanceolata extracts on immune function in mice. After preparing a single cell suspension splenocyte proliferation was determined by the MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2,5-diphenyl terazolium bromide) assay. The cytokines IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ were not secreted by macrophages stimulated with or without LPS as determined by an ELISA cytokine kit assay. After a 48-hr incubation with the mitogens ConA or LPS there was an increase in splenocytes proliferation and in the production of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ in the suspensions supplemented with 50, 100, 250, 500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Codonopsis lanceolata water extract. The results suggest Codonopsis lanceolata water extract may enhance immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and stimulating cytokine production.