• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.241-244
• /
• 2011

A lectin from the hemolymph of purse crab, Philyra pisum, was found to have anti-proliferative activity on human lung cancer cells by our laboratory. In this study, P. pisum lectin (PPL) was molecularly characterized including molecular mass, amino acid sequences, amino acid composition, and the effects of metal ions, temperature, and pH on the activity. We found that PPL showed mitogenic activity on human lymphocytes and BALB/c mouse splenocytes. The mitogenic activity (maximum stimulation index, $SI=9.57{\pm}0.59$) of PPL on human lymphocytes was higher than that of a standard well-known plant mitogen, concanavalin A (maximum $SI=8.80{\pm}0.59$). The mitogenic activity mediated by PPL is required for optimum dosing, and higher or lower concentrations caused decreases in mitogenic response. PPL also induced mitogenic activity on mouse splenocytes, however, the maximum SI ($1.77{\pm}0.09$) on mouse splenocytes of PPL was lower than that ($2.14{\pm}0.15$) of concanavalin A. In conclusion, PPL is a metal ion-dependent monomer lectin with mitogenic activity, and could be used as a lymphocyte or splenocyte stimulator.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.572-580
• /
• 1994

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of platelet - derived growth factor(PDGF) - BB and insulin - like growth factor(IGF) - 1, Centella Asiatica, and Zea Mays L. on the mitogenic activity of PDL cells from healthy and RPP patients. Combination of PDGF - BB and IGF - 1, Centella Asiatica, and Zea Mays L. were treated on PDL cells and the mitogenic effects were meaured by quantitative assay of methyl - $^3H$ - thymidine incorporation during DNA synthesis. Combination of PDGF - BB and IGF - 1 enhenced the mitogenic effects of both healthy and RPP PDL cells, however, the effect was less pronounced on RPP PDL cells. In cases of Centella Asiatica and Zea Mays L., no mitogenic effect on healthy PDL cells could be noticed.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.877-883
• /
• 2006

The immunostimulatory activities of Lactobacillus plantarum, the major microorganism in kimchi fermentations were investigated. Five strains of L. plantarum exhibited weak immunopotentiating activity, but L. plantarum PS-21 showed as strong a mitogenic activity as Bifidobacterium adolescentis M101-4, a known positive strain. It is of interest that, L. plantarum PS-21 stimulated proliferation of Peyer's patch cells, one of the most important tissues in the gut-associated lymphoreticular system. Cell' wall fractions from L. plantarum PS-21 also showed strong mitogenic activity compared with the soluble cytoplasmic fraction. A peptidoglycan fraction (PG) extracted from the cell wall of L. plantarum PS-21 was identified as an active mitogenic component when used in murine lymph node and spleen cell test systems. PG showed dose-dependent mitogenic activity and significantly enhanced antibody production in lymph node cells when studied in vitro. The lysosomal enzyme activity of murine peritoneal macrophages was increased when analyzed following injection of PG to the host animal. Furthermore, PG enhanced the production of cytokines such ($TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6) in the in vitro culture of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 1997

We investigated the immunological function of cheese whey protein concentrate (CWPC), which is a by-product of cheese production, using mitogenic activity in murine splenocytes as an index. A fraction isolated by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography of CWPC showed high mitogenic activity, comparable to the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The fraction was detected as a single band on SDS-PAGE. It contained calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and carbo-hydrate, indicating the active component to be a glycophosphopeptide (GPP) Since pronase digestion of GPP did not reduce its mitogenic activity, carbohydrate rather than peptide may be important in the activity, When applied on an anti-${\beta}$-caseinophosphopeptide (${\beta}$-CPP ) antibody affinity column, the GPP was separated into two components, one with affinity to ${\beta}$-CPP and the other without such affinity. Both the components contained N-linked oligosaccharide chains and had the mitogenic activity. These results demonstrate that cheese whey contains a GPP having strong mitogenic activity

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1990.06a
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 1990

The aqueous extract of fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) contains a macromolecular fraction that showed mitogenic and comitogenic activities in human peripheral blood Iymphocytes. Purification of the crude extract by size (ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-200) and charge (DEAE-cellulose. DEAE-Sepharose) yielded a semi-purified fraction (DS-3). This fraction contains at least three subgroups of anionic macromolecules with apparent molecular weight greater than 600 kilodaltons. It is a glycoprotein with a large amount of glucuronic acid. It acts as a mitogen in both T and B cells of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It could also potentiate the mitogenic action of Concanavalin A in Iymphocyte T cells. Such potentiation is not due to increased binding of Concanavalin A to the cell surface. Its mitogenic and co-mitogenic effects do depend on the presence of extracellular Ca2+.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.806-813
• /
• 1994

These experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Cervi cornu extract on lymphocyte blastogenesis in spleen, thymus, lymph node, born marrow cells of Balb/c mouse, haemagglutination reaction against sheep red blood cell (SRBC), plaque forming cell (PFC) assay against SRBC and IL-2 production. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was determined by $[^3H]-thymidine$ incorporation. According to the lymphcoyte blastogenesis test on the immune cell. Ceriv cornu extrat was showed a potent mitogenic activity on the spleen and lymph node cells, but had mild mitogenic activity on the thymus and born marrow cells. Mitogenic active component of Crevi cornu extract was identified to be materials where molecular weights are higher than 5,000 by membrane filteration method. Cervi cornu extrat was shown to increase mitogenic effect on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells significantly, but decrease mitogenic effect on the Con A stimulated spleen cell at the concentration 0.3%, 1% and 3%. Ceriv cornu extract didn't show to be haemagglutination reaction and showed to inhibit the Con A-induced haemagglutination reaction against SREC. Result of SRBC-PEC test. Ceriv cornu extract significantly increase the number of PEC at the concentration of 0.1% and 1%. When IL-2 or IL-4 production was determined by proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Ceriv cornu extract was not shown to stimulate the production of IL-2. From the above results, it is shown that Ceriv cornu extract increased antibody production by B cells, but nor IL-2 production by helper T cells.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 1990

The aqueous extract of fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) contains a macromolecular fraction that showed mitogenic and co-mitogenic activities in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Purification of the crude extract by size (ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-200) and charge (DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sepharose) yielded a semi.purified fraction (DS-3). This fraction contains at least three subgroups of anionic macromolecules with apparent molecular weight greater than 600 kilodaltons. It is a glycoprotein with a large amount of glucuronic acid. It acts as a mitogen in both T and B cells of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It could also potentiate the mitogenic action of Concanavalin A in lymphocyte T cells. Such potentiation is not due to increased binding of Concanavalin A to the cell surface. Its mitogenic and co-mitogenic effects do depend on the presence of extracellular Ca2+.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.330-337
• /
• 1990

The crude polysaccharide from Panax ginseng prepared by hot water extration and precipiation with ethanol was further fractionated into neutral and acidic fractions by DEAE- cellulose ion exchange chromatography. The chemical compositions were 85.0% carbohydrorate and 15.0% protein for the neutral fraction, and 28.4% carbohydrate, 10.0% protein and 29.0% uronic acid for the acidic fraction. The acidic fraction was more effective in increasing of the ratio of spleen to body weight, the number of antibody secreting cells to SRBC and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system, as well as antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice than the neutral fraction. All polysaccharide fractions were mitogenic to cultured spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice. However, FA was different from FN in the co-mitogenicities with lectin mitogens. Both crude and acidic fractions potentiated remarkably the mitogenic activity of PHA-P or LPS in dose-dependent manner but neutral fraction enhanced only that of LPS. Three polysaccharide fractions had no effect on that of Con A. These results suggest that the acidic fraction may stimulate B and Td cells as well as macrophages while the neutral fraction may simulate only B cells and macropages.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 2004

Background: We previously reported that ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng had an immunostimulatory activity such as mitogenic activity, activation of macrophages and killer cells, and production of a variety of cytokines which resulted in antitumor and antiseptic effects. We further purified $\alpha$-(1$\longrightarrow$6)-glucan and $\beta$-(2$\longrightarrow$6)-fructan from the ginsan with size exclusion and ion-exchange column chromatography successively. In this study, we performed the structure-based activity of ginsan by comparison with known polysacchrides such as $\beta$-glucan, curdlan, laminarin, levan, dextran, lentinan and OK-432. Methods: To investigate the immunostimulatory activity of several polysaccharide compounds, we investigated the stimulation of lymphocytes proliferation, the generation of activated killer cells and the secretion of nitrites from activated macrophages. Results: Of polysaccharides tested, curdlan and ginsan stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, suggesting that the molecular weight and composition of polysaccharide are dependent on the mitogenic activity. The production of nitric oxide was significantly increased in curdlan, levan, ginsan and its fraction, indicating that fructan has also capacity to activate macrophages and may devote to kill pathogens. In addition, the activation of macrophages was seemed to be independent of molecular weight of polysaccharide. The generation of AK cells was exhibited in order of curdlan, OK-432> F1, ginsan, F3> levan> etc. The AK activity may be dependent on molecular weight and composition of polysaccharides. Conclusion: Unfortunately, purified polysaccharide from ginsan were less active on immunostimulatory activity than mixed compounds of polysaccharides. From the viewpoint of structure and activity relationships, we found several characteristic features.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1995

Lectin from mistletoe(Viscum coloratum) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum was compared with the lectin from unfermented mistletoe. Agglunating activity of fermented mistletoe was stable at pH 3.77~8.71, at temperature range of $0~40^{\circ}C$ and in the presence of 9 mental ions, which results are similar to unfermented one, but less stable at pH 2.03~3.00 and more stable at temperature $60~80^{\circ}C$ than lectin from unfermented one. Agglunating activity of lectin from mistletoe fermented for 1 or 2 days and from fraction number 42~54 was not inhibited by all sugars used except for lectin from fraction number 21~34. Mitogenic activity to murine lymphpocytes of lectin from mistletoe was decreased by fermentation process.