• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2001

비동기식(W-CDMA) 3세대 이동통신의 3GPP에서는 무선 구간의 메시지 무결성을 보장하기 위하여 블록 암호 KASUMI에 기반한 CBC-MAC의 변형된 형태를 제안하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 발표된 Knudsen-Mitchell의 공격법 을 심층 분석하여 구체적인 공격 수행 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이 알고리즘의 성공 확률 및 수행 복잡도를 계산한다. 또 한, 3GPP-MAC에 대한 안전성을 기존 CBC-MAC 방식과 비교하여 분석한다

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the effect of reduced output width of the truncated logarithmic multiplication and application to inferences using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). For small hardware overhead, output width is reduced in the truncated Mitchell multiplier, so that fractional bits in multiplication output are minimized in error-resilient applications. This analysis shows that when reducing output width in the truncated Mitchell multiplier, even though worst-case relative error increases, average relative error can be kept small. When adopting 8 fractional bits in multiplication output in the evaluations, there is no significant performance degradation in target CNNs compared to existing exact and original Mitchell multipliers.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.684-693
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• 2021

This paper presents a low-cost two-stage approximate multiplier for bfloat16 (brain floating-point) data processing. For cost-efficient approximate multiplication, the first stage implements Mitchell's algorithm that performs the approximate multiplication using only two adders. The second stage adopts the exact multiplication to compensate for the error from the first stage by multiplying error terms and adding its truncated result to the final output. In our design, the low-cost multiplications in both stages can reduce hardware costs significantly and provide low relative errors by compensating for the error from the first stage. We apply our approximate multiplier to the convolutional neural network (CNN) inferences, which shows small accuracy drops with well-known pre-trained models for the ImageNet database. Therefore, our design allows low-cost CNN inference systems with high test accuracy.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2006

This study proposes a Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) algorithm, based on concept learning with special emphasis on statistically meaningful lowest frequency words. Previous works on WSD typically make use of frequency of collocation and its probability. Such probability based WSD approaches tend to ignore the lowest frequency words which could be meaningful in the context. In this paper, we show an algorithm to extract and make use of the meaningful lowest frequency words in WSD. Learning method is adopted from the Find-Specific algorithm of Mitchell (1997), according to which the search proceeds from the specific predefined hypothetical spaces to the general ones. In our model, this algorithm is used to find contexts with the most specific classifiers and then moves to the more general ones. We build up small seed data and apply those data to the relatively large test data. Following the algorithm in Yarowsky (1995), the classified test data are exhaustively included in the seed data, thus expanding the seed data. However, this might result in lots of noise in the seed data. Thus we introduce the 'maximum a posterior hypothesis' based on the Bayes' assumption to validate the noise status of the new seed data. We use the Naive Bayes Classifier and prove that the application of Find-Specific algorithm enhances the correctness of WSD.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 1994

컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 실험을 이용한 제반 연구의 효율성을 높이기 위한 통계적 실험 계획법으로서 최적 실험법과 라틴 하이퍼큐브 계획법에 대하여 연구하여 최적 라틴 하이퍼큐브 계획법을 제시하였다. 또한 전산 실험 자료의 분석을 위하여, 공간적 예측모형을 택하여 자료로부터의 모수추정과 이 모형에 적합한 예측방법 및 최적 실험 계획법 등이 고려되었다. 최적 라틴 하이퍼큐브 실험계획법을 구성하기 위한 2단계 (2점 교환법 및 뉴톤방법) 알고리즘과 그것에 의한 결과를 제시하였고, 나아가 축차적(최적) 라틴 하이퍼큐브 계획법의 구축을 위한 한 방법을 제시하였다. 이와같은 접근법은 주요인 그림과 축차적인 계획 및 분석을 이용하여 집적회로 계획의 최적화 문제로 응용되어 결국 품질향상에 도움이 되도록 하는 실예를 통하여 그 실제적 적용성이 예증되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.431-436
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• 2001

Variations in phytoplankton concentrations result from changes of the ocean color caused by phytoplankton pigments. Thus, ocean spectral reflectance for low chlorophyll waters are blue and high chlorophyll waters tend to have green reflectance. In the Korea region, clear waters and the open sea in the Kuroshio regions of the East China Sea have low chlorophyll. As one moves even closer In the northwestern part of the East China Sea, the situation becomes much more optically complicated, with contributions not only from higher concentration of phytoplankton, but also from sediments and dissolved materials from terrestrial and sea bottom sources. The color often approaches yellow-brown in the turbidity waters (Case Ⅱ waters). To verify satellite ocean color retrievals, or to develop new algorithms for complex case Ⅱ regions requires ship-based studies. In this study, we compared the chlorophyll retrievals from NASA's SeaWiFS sensor with chlorophyll values determined with standard fluorometric methods during two cruises on Korean NFRDI ships. For the SeaWiFS data, we used the standard NASA SeaWiFS algorithm to estimate the chlorophyll_a distribution around the Korean waters using Orbview/ SeaWiFS satellite data acquired by our HPRT station at NFRDl. We studied In find out the relationship between the measured chlorophyll_a from the ship and the estimated chlorophyll_a from the SeaWiFs satellite data around the northern part of the East China Sea, in February, and May, 2000. The relationship between the measured chlorophyll_a and the SeaWiFS chlorophyll_a shows following the equations (1) In the northern part of the East China Sea. Chlorophyll_a =0.121Ln(X) + 0.504, R²= 0.73 (1) We also determined total suspended sediment mass (55) and compared it with SeaWiFS spectral band ratio. A suspended solid algorithm was composed of in-.situ data and the ratio (L/sub WN/(490 ㎚)L/sub WN/(555 ㎚) of the SeaWiFS wavelength bands. The relationship between the measured suspended solid and the SeaWiFS band ratio shows following the equation (2) in the northern part of the East China Sea. SS = -0.703 Ln(X) + 2.237, R²= 0.62 (2) In the near future, NFRDI will develop algorithms for quantifying the ocean color properties around the Korean waters, with the data from regular ocean observations using its own research vessels and from three satellites, KOMPSAT/OSMl, Terra/MODIS and Orbview/SeaWiFS.