• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.62-68
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• 2009

Continuous operation for 24h was carried out to establish the optimum condition at the magnesium fused salt electrolysis using a self made 150 ampere mono-polar type cell. An electrolyte composition of $MgCl_2$ 25%, NaCl 55%, $CaCl_2$ 19%, $CaF_2$ 1% was electrolyzed with applied voltage 7V, cathode current density $0.7-0.75A/cm^2$, electrode distance 6cm at $720{\sim}740^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Changes of applied current, composition of the electrolyte, current efficiency were investigated. Through the experiments, there were not any operating troubles with the self-made electrolytic cell. Purity of the electrolyzed magnesium metal was above 99%, and 89% of current efficiency was achieved. Some basic data for scale-up of the magnesium electrolysis equipment which would be necessary for commercialization were obtained.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

In this paper, salt damage resistance of high durable concrete was tested. High durable concrete was made by using low water cement ratio, chemical admixture called super-durable admixture and mineral admixtures such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume. Two kinds of salt damage resistance test were carried out. One method is chloride ion penetration test(ASTM C1202), and the other one is depth of chloride penetration test in saline solution. Test results were as followers: 1) The depth of chloride ion penetration increased exponentially as water cement ratio was increased and time passed. 2) Super-durable admixture had little effect on the improvement of salt damage resistance of concrete. 3) Silica fume and ground granulated blast-furnace slag were effective on salt damage resistance because of pozzolanic reaction, but fly-ash had a little effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of solar salt and purified salt (PS) on HepG2 human hepatocellular cancer cells as well as their effects on mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and p21. Each salt sample suppressed cancer cell proliferation when treated at a concentration of 0.5% or 1%. Especially solar salt from T salt field (SS-T) and solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y) significantly suppressed proliferation of cancer cells in comparison with PS. Treatment of HepG2 cells with salt samples at a concentration of 1% suppressed expression of Bcl-2 and promoted expression of Bax, p53, and p21 at the mRNA and protein levels in comparison with the control group. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed that SS-T and SS-Y had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, and K than PS, and SS-T contained higher concentrations of these minerals than SS-Y. It seems that Na and mineral contents in solar salt may contribute to regulation of the genes. Taken together, salt, especially mineral rich solar salt, inhibits cancer cell growth by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.629-634
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The aim of this experiments was to show anti-obesity effects of Korean solar salt from different salt fields in diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% cal from fat) in C57BL/6J mice for eight weeks. The mice were fed with the designated diets (chow diet for Normal, HFD for Control, 0.47%-salt-mixed HFD for purified salt (PS), Guerande solar salt from France (SS-G), solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y), solar salts from T salt field (SS-T) and S salt field (SS-S)) for another eight weeks. We checked body weight, food efficiency ratio (FER) and tissue weights (liver and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT)), and observed serum concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), leptin and insulin. We also evaluated gene expressions of adipogenic / lipogenic mRNAs of $C/EBP{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and FAS and beta-oxidation-related factors ($PPAR{\alpha}$ and CPT-1) in liver and EAT. The mineral composition of salt samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). RESULTS: SS-T and SS-S significantly reduced body weight gain, FER, and weight of EAT compared to control and other samples (P < 0.05). SS-T and SS-S also significantly decreased serum levels of TG, TC, leptin and insulin (P < 0.05). SS-T and SS-S suppressed expressions of adipogenic / lipogenic mRNAs in liver and EAT, while promoting expression of beta-oxidation-related factors. The lowest sodium concentration was observed in SS-T ($30.30{\pm}0.59%$), and the lowest sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio was found in SS-S (17.81). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that well-processed Korean solar salt may have anti-obesity effects in vivo, probably owing to its differences in mineral composition and other components, presumably resulting from the manufacturing processes. Further research is needed into the mechanism and to explore optimal manufacturing processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.236-236
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• 2012

In this study, we present the salt repellent behavior of superhydrophobic filtration membrane. Bio-fouling or mineral-fouling is the main factor of decreasing the performance of filtration membrane. The superhydrophobic modification of filtration membrane using PECVD (Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) is introduced. The oxygen plasma was introduced for developing nano hairy structures and subsequent HMDSO (Hexamethyldisiloxane) coating was used for enhancing low surface energy. Saline water evaporation test was carried out to evaluate the difference of contamination of salt on superhydrophobic and moderately hydrophobic filtration membrane. EDS and EPMA were used for visualizing the residue of salt crystal.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2003

The settling of the dredged soil may vary with mineral composition, grain size distribution, initial water content and salt concentration of suspension of the site. A series of settling column test was performed to investigate the behaviour of solid suspension material from dredging and reclamation. Settling mode was divided into four types from the observation of interface and settling curves of clay minerals and marine clay samples, and the relationship charts of salt concentration and the initial water content were established to use in the dredging operation with any salt concentration. The critical initial water content which was defined as a threshold of zone settling and the consolidation settling was varied with salt concentration of water and was proportional to the plasticity of soil in sea water.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2005

A kind of mineral water obtained from the basing of deep under the sea was reported to have a characteristic mineral composition and its effect on the quality of Kimchi was evaluated in this study. Kimchi samples were prepared with NaCl and the mineral water under rock floor as sources of salt together with fermented seafoods and fermented at 20 for 6 days. The qualities of Kimchi were evaluated by analyzing the pH, acidity, number of viable cell, lactic acid bacteria, sensory properties and texture profiles during fermentation. The pH and total acid contents were not different among Kimchi samples. The microbiological changes were not observed in the samples. The sensory scores of Kimchi containing NaCI and fermented sandlance sauce, and of Kimchi containing the mineral water under sea rock floor with fermented seafoods were significantly higher than those of the others. On the other hand, Kimchis prepared with NaCl alone or mineral water under sea rock floor alone earned the lowest sensory scores among the tested samples with an exception of firmness of the sample made with the mineral water. As the Kimchi fermentation proceeds, the hardness value of Kimchi prepared with the mineral water became higher than that of Kimchi with NaCl. This study suggests that the mineral water under sea rock floor could be useful to keep the texture of Kimchi firm during the fermentation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1096-1104
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sodium cholride supplementation on bone metabolism in female rats consuming a low calcium diet. Twenty five female rats were divided into three dietary groups (control Na : 0.1038%, 1% Na : 1.036%, 2% Na : 2.072%). All experimental diets contained 0.27% Ca and were fed to rats with deionized water for 7 weeks. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of total body, spine and femur were measured using energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) by small animal software. Then Ca efficiency was calculated from BMD and BMC. Serum Ca, P, Na and urine Ca, P, Na were determined. Urinary pyridinoline, serum ALP were measured to monitor bone resorption. Following 7 weeks, sodium cholride supplemented groups had higher urinary Ca excreteion, urinary pyridinoline, crosslinks value and serum ALP. There was no significant difference in case of serum Ca among all groups. Sodium chloride supplemnted groups had lower Ca effciency of total, spine and femur BMD and BMC than that of control group. In conclusion high salt intake not only increases urinary Ca excretion as urinary Na excretion does but also increase bone resorption and decrease Ca efficiency of each bone. It is been suggested that high salt intake may be harmful for bone maintenance. Therfore, the decrease of salt intake to the level of recommendation would be desirable.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.390-392
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• 2003

Organic solvent tolerant bacterium, Pseudomonas savastanoi BCNU 106 could utilize trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, trichloroethylene, p-dichlorobenzene as a sole carbon source. But Pseudomonas savastanoi BCNU 106 didn't have tolerance about trichloroacetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, trichloroethylene, p-dichlorobenzene. Strain BCNU 106 could utilize to the extend of 30 mM trichloroacetic acid as a sole carbon source on mineral salt medium.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1971

In order to observe the absorption pattern of mineral elements and the nutritional components of brown rice grown in reclaimed saline areas in Korea, the four commercial varieties of rice were cultured at the average salt concentration of 6.05 mmhos/cm, $25^{\circ}C$, (0.3%) in saline soils and non-saline silty loam soils. In the saline areas the absorptin of Na and Si was relatively high while the absorption of P, K and Ca was relatively low. N was absorbed actively before the emergence of the rice grains but showed relative decrease thereafter. There was no difference in Mg content. Though brown rice in the saline areas contained sugar abundantly with small contents of protein, fat and crude fiber. There was little difference in total carbollydrate and ash contonts.