• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2009

Objectives : Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and one of the most important public health problems around the world. Obesity rate gradually increases as women grow older. The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes between bond mineral density(BMD) and body mass index(BMI) according to sex and age. Methods : We measured the bone mineral density(BMD) of lumber spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 10000 normal adult, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; DPX-alpha). and also measured the body mass index(BMI) in 9810 normal adult. then we analysed the changes of BMD and BMI according to sex and age. Results : 1. As getting older, male's T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was slowly decreased. On the other hand, female's T-score of lumbar spine was sharply dropped after 46 years old. 2. As getting older, male's T-score of femoral was slowly decreased. On the other hand, female's T-score of femoral was sharply dropped after 49 years old. 3. Irrespective of age, male's BMI keep up the extent within a definite period of numerical value. As getting older, female's BMI continued its upward trend. Conclusions : Much more attention should be needed for female patient suffering from osteoporosis and obesity than male.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2013

Higher bone mineral density (BMD) at a young age, calcium intake, and exercise are important for prevention of osteoporosis later in life. We examined familial effects of BMD between mothers and children and adolescents aged 8-19 in Cheonan, Korea and the relationships between BMD and lifestyle parameters, including: food and nutrient intake and exercise. For daughters and sons, significant differences in BMD were observed at the three bone sites (total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine) according to age, gender, body mass index, exercise, and milk consumption, compared to the reference value for each classification category. Mean differences in children's BMD were observed according to maternal BMD. Energy and calcium intake were lower in both children and mothers in comparison to the estimated daily energy requirement; however, their protein intake was much greater than the daily recommended intake. After adjusting for age and gender and for mother's age, body mass index, and total calorie intake, results of the food frequency test showed an association of a higher intake of meat, meat products, milk and milk products with greater BMD of total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine of children. In addition, exercise was positively associated with higher BMD. Regression analysis showed a positive association of BMD with age, male gender, exercise, and mother's BMD. In conclusion, after adjustment for environmental parameters, maternal BMD had a positive influence on BMD in daughters and sons. This finding suggests that parents need to check their BMD in order to determine whether their children are at increased risk of low BMD.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-105
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• 2012

Objectives: This study explored the relationships between Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Body Mass Index(BMI), Age, pain duration outcomes of treatment for Low Back Pain(LBP) in 3 groups(normal,osteopenia,osteoporosis) of female patients. Methods: We evaluated 32 cases of normal, 30 cases of osteopenia and 38 cases of osteoporosis based on BMD, BMI, Age, pain duration among the female inpatients with LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, admitted at Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine from January 2010 to December 2011. And we measured VNRS(Verbal Numeric Rating Scale) to evaluate the conservative treatment effects. Results: In improvement of female LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, BMD(T-score), BMI had not proved correlation(P-value>0.05). Female patients' age was negatively correlated with T-score. In pain improvement, BMD normal group showed more reduction of NRS(numeric rating scale) than osteoporosis group, but that had not proved correlation(p-value=0.893). Conclusions: Statically, among the female inpatients with LBP caused by lumbar disc herniation, had no significant differences between the normal group, osteopenia group and osteoporosis group's improvement rate, depending on treating period.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.240-255
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• 2014

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제5기 골밀도 검진자 남자 2,692명, 여자 3,294명을 최종분석대상으로 골밀도와 그 관련요인을 분석하였으며 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 단변량 분석에서 골밀도에 유의한 차이를 보인 사회인구학적 특성은 성인 남자와 여자 모두 연령, 교육수준, 경제활동상태, 소득사분위수, 거주지였으며, 건강행위 및 건강관련 특성으로는 남자는 흡연, 음주, 비만, 총근육량, 격렬한 신체활동, 중등도 신체활동, 스트레스 인지율, 체중조절 노력, 수면시간, 여자는 음주, 비만, 총근육량, 격렬한 신체활동, 체중조절 노력, 수면시간이었다. 만성질환 특성에 따라서는 고혈압, 당뇨병, 류머티스관절염은 남녀 모두 질환이 없는 군의 골밀도가 유의하게 높았고, 고콜레스테롤혈증, 골관절염은 여자, 빈혈과 우울증은 남자에서 각각 유의한 차이가 있었으며 모두에서 질환이 없는 군의 골밀도가 높았다. 단변량 분석에서 골밀도에 유의한 차이가 있었던 식품섭취 특성으로는 남자와 여자 모두 단백질 섭취량, 칼슘 섭취량, 인 섭취량, 탄수화물 섭취량 비율, 단백질 섭취량 비율, 지방 섭취량 비율이었으며, 여성건강 특성으로는 경구 피임약 복용여부, 여성호르몬제 복용여부, 임신횟수, 폐경여부, 초경연령, 첫 출산연령이 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 다변량 분석 결과에서는 남자의 경우 총근육량이 많을수록, 체질량지수가 높을수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 초졸에 비해 대졸 이상, 허리둘레가 적을수록, 초졸에 비해 고졸, 체중조절 노력을 실천할수록, 중등도 신체활동을 실천하는 경우에 골밀도가 유의하게 높았으며, 성인 여자의 경우 연령이 낮을수록, 총근육량이 많을수록, 폐경 전일수록, 초졸에 비해 고졸, 체질량지수가 높을수록, 초졸에 비해 대졸이상, 중졸, 경제활동을 할수록, 초경 연령이 빠를수록, 여성호르몬제를 복용할수록, 지방 섭취량 비율이 권장량 범위 이상일수록, 체중조절 노력을 할수록, 격렬한 신체활동을 하는 경우의 골밀도가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과 성인 남자에서는 총근육량이, 성인 여자에서는 연령과 총근육량이 가장 중요한 골밀도 관련 요인으로 남녀 모두에서 수정 가능한 가장 중요한 요인은 총근육량이었다. 따라서 골다공증의 사전 예방 및 건강증진을 위해서는 성장기부터 지속적으로 최대 근육량 및 골양을 유지할 수 있도록 조기에 적극적인 교육과 중재를 실시하여야 할 것이다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations between body compositions and bone mineral density in young women and postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Methods : Eleven young women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) and ten postmenopausal women (age, $25.85{\pm}1.96yrs$; height, $160.28{\pm}2.16cm$; weight, $56.89{\pm}9.66kg$) with low bone density on femur neck were participated in this study. All subjects performed the measure of body composition and BMD on lumbar body and femur neck. Results : The results were as follows. Percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and body mass index(BMI) were significantly increased in postmenopausal women. BMD in lumbar body and femur neck were significantly decreased in postmenopausal women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age in young women. There were negative strong correlation between BMD of the femur and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women. There were positive strong correlation between BMD of the femur and BMD of lumbar body. Conclusion : Percent body fat and BMI were more increased in young women than in postmenopausal women. And there were negative strong correlation between BMD and age or the years of menopause in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week plyometric training on body composition, physical fitness and bone mineral density in obese male adolescents. Method: Twenty adolescent boys who are obese were randomly assigned to a control group (CON, n=10) or plyometic exercise group (EXE, n=10). The EXE group was performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. The body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density were measured before and after the 12 weeks intervention. Results: The results of this study were as follows: i) In EXE group, the fat mass was significantly decreased between pre and post, whereas the difference of the body weight, BMI, and LBM were not significant. ii) Among the physical fitness factors, grip strength, muscular endurance, and 2 0m shuttle running were significantly improved but flexibility did not show any significant difference. iii) The bone mineral density was significantly improved between pre and post in EXE group. Conclusion: These results suggested that plyometric training for 12 weeks may be effective in improving body composition, physical fitness, and bone mineral density in obese adolescents. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflavone supplementation using soymilk on bone mineral density in underweight college women aged 19-22 years with lower than average bone mass. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of a number of underweight (BMI < 20) college women was measured. From this group, 33 subjects whose T-score value was below -1 were selected. Anthropometric measurements, dietary recall and BMD were measured before the study began and at the end of the 10th week. The 33 subjects were given 400 ml of soymilk containing 60 mg of isoflavones daily for 10 weeks. After 12 weeks at the end of 10 weeks treatment, the BMD of the subjects was reassessed. The average age of the subjects was 21.1 yrs. At the baseline, average height, weight, and BMI of the subjects were 161 cm, 49.1 kg, 18.8 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Mean daily intake of energy and protein was 1637.2 kcal and 61.2 g, respectively. Mean dietary isoflavone intake was 17.4 mg. Despite the 400 ml soymilk supplementation, there was no significant change in nutrient intake after the 10-week treatment. However, there were significant increases in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD. After the study, the BMD of the subjects' spine and femoral neck was lower than that before the study. In conclusion, soymilk intake was associated with a significant increase in the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in underweight college women with lower than average bone mass. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 470~475, 2003)

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2020

Object Although Taeeum and Soyang constitutional types have bigger body shapes and higher body mass index values than those with the Soeum, the relationship between the Sasang constitutional type and bone mass density is controversial and the association of osteopenia and osteoporosis remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis according to Sasang constitutional type. Methods A total of 2,508 participants were included in this study. Among the study participants, 1,396 had Taeeum type, 276 had Soeum type, and 836 had Soyang type, respectively. The relationships to bone mass density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in those with Sasang constitutional type were estimated using logistic and linear regression models. Results Bone mass density was significantly higher in the order of Taeeum, Soyang, and Soeum group (p < 0.01). Soeum group in comparison with Taeeum or Soyang group was significantly associated with a high odds ratio for osteopenia and osteoporosis except in the hip and femoral neck in the comparison of Taeeum and Soeum group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the bone mass density of Soeum group decreased more rapidly as the age increased when compared with Taeeum and Soyang group. Conclusions Our findings may contribute to the early prevention and management of high-risk individuals with poor bone mass density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis using Sasang constitution medicine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2011

Few studies have shown the correlation between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD). The main pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome rely on chronic low-level inflammatory status and oxidative stress. There are few studies that examine the gender-specific effects of inflammation and antioxidants on BMD. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of these factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 men and 46 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome; metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more metabolic syndrome risk factors. BMD, body fat mass, and lean body mass were evaluated. We also examined the levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, vitamin E, and C in serum. Log-transformed hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in lumbar spine osteoporotic subjects than in normal subjects for women but not for men. There was no significant difference between the normal group and the osteoporotic group in other inflammatory markers. Stepwise regression analyses for BMD of the lumbar spine showed that lean body mass and vitamin E were significant determinants in men. Lean body mass and log-transformed hs-CRP were significant determinants in women Analysis for BMD of the femoral neck showed that lean body mass was a significant determinant for both men and women. There was no significant factor among the inflammatory markers or antioxidant vitamins affecting the femoral neck BMD for either gender. In conclusion, while hs-CRP is an independent predictor of the BMD of the lumbar spine in women, vitamin E showed profound effects on BMD in men but not women with metabolic syndrome.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.4943-4952
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• 2013

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제 4기 2 3차년도, 제 5기 1차 년도에 참여한 60세 이상 여성노인을 대상으로 하였다. 연구의 목적으로는 신체계측, 생활습관, 식이섭취, 골절 과거력, 골다공증 가족력, 병력, 월경력 및 산과적 요인 등의 제 요인들과 대퇴경부 골밀도와 요추골밀도의 관련성을 알아보고자 시도하였다. 각 변수의 단위별 BMD의 변화를 표현하기 위해 비율차이 계산식 ${\beta}{\times}$(단위/BMD의 평균)를 이용한 다중선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 모든 연속 변수의 단위는 1 표준편차를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 대퇴경부 및 요추 골밀도에 조사된 각 독립변수 중 여성노인의 골밀도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 대퇴경부 부위에서는 제지방량(B: 0.257), 요추 부위에서는 체지방(B: 0.237)으로 확인되었다. 따라서 여성노인에서는 제지방량을 늘리고, 적절한 체중을 유지하는 것이 골다공증을 예방하는 효과적인 방안이 될 것이다.