• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1979

This study was designed to investigate calcium intake, the ratio of Ca intake versus R.D.A. (Recommended Dietary Allowance) for Ca, apparent Ca absorption rate, and Ca sources of food among school children in Korea. One hundred school children aged from 6 to 12 years were engaged in this study; 33 subjects were from farming village neal Seoul, and 67 children from big cities. Two days of food consumption records and feces collections of the subjects had been done from April 1978 to June 1978. The following observations were made in the present study; 1) Average Ca intake of total subjects was $457{\pm}214mg$ which is only 76% of R.D.A. for Ca. Calcium intakes for farming village children was higher than that of the subjects from big cities (p<0.05). 2) Survey on the food sources of Ca revealed that the amount of Ca taken from cereals averaged 120 mg (22.3% of total Ca intake), 111 mg (24.3%) from fruits and vegetables, 176 mg (38.5%) from meats, poultry, fishes and eggs, and only 68 mg (14.9%) was supplied by milk and milk products. From the data collected, following observations were made; a) No significant difference in Ca intake from cereals was found between village children and the ones from big cities. b) Average Ca intake from fruits and vegetables of city children was significantly higher than that of village children (p<0.005) with the values for 133 mg for the former and 64 mg for the latter. c) For the group of meats, poultry, fishes and eggs, significantly higher intake was found in village subjects than city children (p<0.0005) with the values of 340 mg and 95 mg, respectively. d) Contrarily, Ca intake from milk and milk products was significantly (p<0.0005) much higher in the city children (98 mg) than village ones (7 mg). 3) Apparent Ca absorption rate of total subjects was 51%; 44% for village children and 54% for city children. Ca absorption rate tends to be higher in the city subjects but no significant difference was noted.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2006

Aspegillus niger 세포에 의한 구연산 생산에 대한 발효 매체로서 우유공장폐수가 연구되었다. 발효매체에 $Mn^{2+},\;Fe^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+}$의 첨가가 구연산 생산을 일정하게 증가시켰다. 그러나 다른 금속이온인 $Mg^{2+}$의 첨가는 구연산 생산을 감소시켰다. 구연산의 농도는 우유공장폐수에서 환원당 농도의 농도가 50 g/l와 100 g/1로 Aspegillus niger ATCC 9142에 의한 batch bioreactor에서 각각 7.2 g/1과 16.5 g/l로 높게 표시되었다. 본 실험에서 적용한 수리적 모델식들이 세포성장의 예상, 구연산 생산, 기질소모 속도에 대해 잘 적용되는지를 알아보기 위해서 발효반응 모델식에 적용시켜 본 결과 실험치와 잘 부합되었다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2011

Objectives: Perchlorate is an emerging contaminant that is found everywhere, including various foods. Perchlorate is known to disturb the production of thyroid hormones and leads to mental disorders in fetuses and infants, as well as metabolic problems in adults. In this study, we attempted to establish an LC-MS/MS method for measuring perchlorate in dairy products and used this developed method to investigate perchlorate levels in Korean milk and yogurt samples. Methods: The developed method of perchlorate analysis requires a shaker and 1% acetic acid/acetonitrile as the extracting solvent. Briefly, the samples were extracted and then centrifuged (4000 rpm, 1hour), and the supernatant was then passed through a $Envi^{TM}$ Carb SPE cartridge that had been prewashed sequentially with 6 mL of acetonitrile and 6 mL of 1% acetic acid in water. The final volume of the sample extract was adjusted to 40 mL with reagent water and the final sample was filtered through a 0.20-${\mu}m$ pore size PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) syringe filter prior to LC-MS/MS. Results: The average levels of perchlorate in milk and yogurt samples were $5.63{\pm}3.49\;{\mu}g/L$ and $3.65{\pm}2.42\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively. The perchlorate levels observed in milk samples in this study were similar to those reported from China, Japan, and the United States. Conclusions: The exposure of Koreans to perchlorate through the consumption of dairy products was calculated based on the results of this study. For all age groups, the calculated exposure to perchlorate was below the reference of dose (0.7 ${\mu}g/kg$-day) proposed by the National Academy of Science, USA, but the perchlorate exposure of children was higher than that of adults. Therefore, further investigation of perchlorate in other food samples is needed to enable a more exact assessment of exposure of children to perchlorate.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2023

Objective: We determined the impact of maintaining pasture-based dairy cows and calves together over 100 days on cow milk production, cow and calf behavior, and calf liveweight and carcass quality. Methods: Six Holstein-Friesian cows and their male calves were monitored for 106±8.6 days. Cows were temporarily separated twice a day for milking with calves remaining in the paddock. Cow and calf behaviors were recorded via scan sampling at 6 different timepoints, for the first 7 days and twice a week thereafter. Calves were weighed weekly and immediately processed for meat quality and rumen development analysis at 106±8.6 days. Daily cow milk yields were collected from enrollment until 109±8.6 days (3 days post-weaning). Results: The average daily gain of calves was 1.4±0.73 kg/d, with an average carcass dressing percentage of 59%. Calves had the greatest frequency of observed close proximity to cow and suckling in the first two weeks and decreased with experiment duration. During separation for milking, cow vocalizations and attempts to return to their calf decreased over time. Reticulorumen weight was on target for calf age, but as a proportion of total stomach weight was lower than industry averages of calves the same age due to the larger abomasum. Cows produced an average of 12±7.6 kg of milk yield per day over the 3-days before the calves were weaned and increased to mean of 31±8.3 kg/d the 3 days after weaning, indicating a consumption of close to 20 kg per calf per day. Conclusion: The impact of a pasture-based cow-calf rearing system on cow and calf behavior and the potential for high levels of calf liveweight gain when provided ad-libitum milk and feed were determined. Further research is required to determine the practicality of replicating such systems with large herds and impact on reared calves post-weaning.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.583-593
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• 2022

Cacao is recognized not only as a raw material for making chocolate but also as an excellent functional food with a high antioxidant effect. The consumption of raw cacao and its processed form of cacao has a beneficial effect on health. The aim of this study was to reveal the possible biological functions of yoghurt that was prepared with added cacao nibs (Theobroma cacao L.). The 2,2-anziobis (3-ehtylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic aicd (ABTS) radical scavenging ability of yogurt containing Cacao nibs from 1 to 5% was higher than that of the control group, and the ABTS radical scavenging ability was similar in all the test groups after 12 hours of fermentation. The antibacterial activity of the control and yogurt with the cacao nibs was shown to be very strong against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 1631, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella Typhimurium M-15 in fermented milk for 16, 24, and 48 hours, but the fermentation times at 0, 4, and 8 hours showed no activity. The Cacao nibs powder inhibited IκBα-phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. The yogurt containing the cacao nibs significantly inhibited the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Our development of yogurt that combines milk as a complete food and cacao nibs, which has several physiological functions, is expected to greatly contribute to research on new functional fermented milk.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.440-449
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods: The congener levels of PBDE in 22 samples of breast milk were analyzed using a high resolution gas chromatograph with a high resolution mass detector. In accordance with our standard operating procedures, the recoveries of internal standards had to range between 68% and 118%. Since the distribution of PBDE concentrations is close to log-normal, the data were logarithmically transformed before analysis. Test subjects were healthy primipara and multipara mothers with a mean age of 32 (SD = 2.7) in 2006. Results: Seven PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) were detected and identified in all of the pooled breast milk samples, indicating widespread contamination from PBDEs in the environment in Korea. Residue levels of total PBDEs (sum PBDEs from tri- to hepta-BDE) ranged from 0.84-13.1 ng/g lipid with median and geometric mean levels of 2.6 ng/g lipid and 2.74 ng/g lipid, respectively. PBDE congeners 47, 99 and 153 markedly predominated and accounted for about 75% of the amount of the PBDE congeners analyzed. BDE-47 was the dominant congener in most samples, whereas BDE-153 was predominant in a few (n = 7/22). BDE-47 was highly correlated with total PBDEs (r = 0.987, p < 0.01). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed breast milk PBDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only breast milk BDE-47 and BDE-99 levels were significantly associated with fish (p < 0.05) and meat consumption (p < 0.01). However, we did not find significant correlations between PBDE levels and maternal age, body mass index (BMI), parity, job presence and smoking status. Conclusions: Our findings are mainly limited due to the small sampling size and low doses of PBDEs exposure. Background and human exposure data of PBDEs is lacking, and longitudinal investigations into the environment and biota are encouraged to determine the health impact on future populations in Korea.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2006

본 연구는 영양이 높고 우리나라에서 최근에 소비 감소경향을 나타내는 농 축산물인 감자와 분유, 계란을 이용해 고부가가치 핫도그를 개발하기 위해 핫도그 반죽의 점도, pH, 물성 검사, 관능검사를 실시하였다. 핫도그 반죽의 점도 측정 결과는 A0.05). 핫도그의 pH 측정 결과는 A0.05). 핫도그의 물성 검사 측정 결과에서 경도와 부서짐 성은 D군이 다른 군에 비해 유의성 있게 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 응집성과 탄력성은 A군이 가장 높게 나타났는데 B 및 C군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값이었다(p<0.05). 핫도그의 관능검사 측정 결과에서 색감과 조직감은 D군이 가장 높게 나타났으며 C군에 비해 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 향미와 전체적인 맛의 첨가에서도 D군이 가장 높게 나타났는데 B 및 C군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 이취의 평가에서는 A와 D군이 가장 낮게 나타났으며 C군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 값이었다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과에서 보는 바와 같이 영양 및 건강 기능성이 강화된 새로운 corn dog의 생산은 새로운 고 부가가치 축산제품의 개발뿐만 아니라 잉여 농 축산물의 소비 촉진에도 크게 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 1987

In this study we have evaluated daily beverage intake of the inhabitants in Seoul by a 24 hrs. recall procedure from 1145 respondents between pre-school children to adults in the period of June-July 1985. Estimates of consumption were made for each of seven beverage groups and comparisons were made within age, sex and body weight. Significant differences existed for certain beverage in each category analyzed. Total Fluid intake was greater for male than female at all ages and tended to be lower in the older age group with adjustment for differences in body weight. Milk was the major beverage among children while soft drinks were the predominant beverage for teen-ages. Alcoholic drinks represented the smallest component of daily fluid intake among women but were the second largest component of daily fluid levels for men over the age of 24 years.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2001

As the development of medical technology and the elevation of the standard of living, the population rate of elderly people in Korea is increasing gradually. To keep a good lift quality of the elderly, both appropriate exercise and nutrients intake are necessary for them. Dairy products are known for the good source of variable nutrients including functional components and bioactive peptides such as Ig, lactoferrin, MFGM, OPP, CPP, GMP, sialic acid etc that are required especially for elderly people. However, they are classified as the low dairy products consumption group recently. For the promotion of dairy product consumption of elderly people, variable and specialized dairy products for the elderly should be researched and developed with the strengthened publicity activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the historical tends of population growth which has reflected direct effect of the ratio of food self sufficiency in Korea between the year of 1910 and 1980. Author divided the whole years between 1910 and 1980 into five different periods ; colonial period from 1910 to 1945, post colonial period from 1945 to 1950, Korean war period from 1950 to 1955, post Korean war period from 1955 to 1960, fast economic growing period 1960~1980. The ratio of national food self sufficiency has been profoundlly affected by dual factors ; rate of population group and increment of GNP which reflect the national economic development. Total food production never reached the level of population growth ratio in Korea. As a result food demand and supply has shown imbalaced condition which leads to import foods from outside contury to compensate food shortage. The increment of GNP sharply cut down the cereal consumption. The consumption of fish, milk, eggs and meat reflected to increase since 1970.