• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.29-40
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual conditions of external space of middle and high schools in Gyeongnam Area. This article discuses about the characteristics of the external space and the site plan type of 49 middle and high schools in Gyeongnam Area. The result of analysis about site plan type, composition state of external space and area ratio of its composition of each middle and high school facilities are as follows: In facilities arrangement of middle and high schools, it shows diverse forms of arrangement from existing uniform straight type, however, most of schools do not being against the simple in their external space. Especially, for the area is small in the composition of external space, a playground is only under $50m{\times}80m$ and outdoor learning space or resting space is not secured sufficiently. Therefore, it requires an expansion of space size and facilities for the change of school life outside class.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Departmentalized Classroom System is new school operating system to apply social needs. Recent social needs are characterized as learning environment and self-learning system. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for equal learning environment condition in middle school applying departmentalized classroom system. This study has progressed through analyzing on 11 remodelling case of middle school in Gangwon-Do. The method of this study is visiting middle schools that operate the system, grasping the condition for environment composition, and investigating and analyzing practical use of the environment. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The space compositions for departmentalized classroom system are generally desirable, but some schools take irrational space composition, especially on home base-teacher laboratory, classroom-teacher laboratory. 2) The space area distributions are different in every school. This result is based on not taking standard criterion on space area distribution.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-32
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• 2001

A main contents of this is to abtain the result of investigation and analysis of facilities & using space of Variation Type's middle school in Japan. we choose the sample of Japan Middle school managing variation type. Because the Japan's exiting educational system is very similar with Korea's existing educational system. We have planning about investigation and analysis of facilitie's present condition & using space of middle school in Japan. And we have also planning to have a hearing and interview investigation to teachers and students. A aim of this study is to abtain a guide of variation type space-planning in Middle school. For the aim, it is necessary to understand Japan's Middle school facilities condition and compare with Korea and Japan. A main content of study is as follow. o A collection of data and thesis of Japan's variation type middle school. o A check of curriculum of Japan's middle school. o A current of Japan's variation type middle mchool. history of construction circumstances, using situation of variation type, merit and demerit.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.46-53
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• 2018

This study is to investigate the effect of the school dining space on the learning environment, such as study activity space, student self-government space, student communication and community building, as well as to suggest ways to utilize them. For this purpose, literature review and survey research were conducted. In the literature review, the understanding of the middle school curriculum, the study of the school facility space, the understanding of the school lunch, the communication and communication environment. The survey was conducted on 17 middle schools, 90 middle schools, and 65 non-cooking transportation middle schools in Jeollabuk - do to investigate the utilization status and standards of the Cafeteria dining space. As a result of this study, it is suggested that there will be a follow-up study on application of public design according to the usage for efficient utilization of school dining space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of the plan of middle schools in the rural area. Recently, many middle schools are remodeling the buildings and facilities based on the department system. This study, through analyzing on 3 remodeling cases of middle school in the rural area. This article discuses about the basic characteristics of the plan composition and the education programs of 3 middle schools. This study is showing the variation before and after remodeling and space organization types. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) Most of them take horizontal zoning system in the department classrooms. 2) Consideration is given to the space of homebas. 3) In the short term, if there is not enough classroom space utilization ratio should be adjusted in the classroom.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.26.3-27
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• 2011

Formation of a steep plasma density gradient in the middle-latitude ionosphere during geomagnetic storms and the latitudinal migration of its location depending on the storm phase are suggested to be associated with the ionospheric signature of the plasmapause. We test this idea by using the satellite and ground observation data during the 11 April 2001 storm. The locations of the steep plasma density gradient identified by TOPEX/Poseidon (2001 LT) and DMSP (1800 and 2130 LT) satellites coincide with the ionospheric footprints of the plasmapause identified by the IMAGE satellite. This observation may support the dependence of the middle-latitude plasma density gradient location on the plasmapause motion, but does not explain why the steep density gradient whose morphology is largely different from the morphology of the middle-latitude ionization trough during quiet period is formed in association with the plasmapause. The ionospheric disturbances in the total electron content (TEC) maps shows that the steep TEC gradient is formed at the boundary of the positive ionospheric storm in low-middle latitudes and the negative ionospheric storm in middle-high latitudes. We interpret that the thermospheric neutral composition disturbance in the dayside is confined within the middle-high latitude ionospheric convection zone. The neutral composition latitudes and, therefore, the locations of the steep plasma density gradient coincide with the footprints of the plasmapause. The TEC maps show that the appearance of the steep plasma density gradient in the pre-midnight sector during the recovery phase is related to the co-rotation of the gradient that is created during the main phase.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2019

In this study, we the characteristics of the spatial layout have been analyzed focusing on the case of compulsory schools, which are the forms of elementary and middle integrated schools in Japan. Thus, according to the development stage of the elementary·middle students, we derived the characteristics of the space structure and layout of the classrooms of each class. and derived spatial arrangement of private and shared space of elementary and middle integrated schools. In addition, we analyzed the characteristics of subject classroom collaboration by beginner, intermediate and advanced level, derived a desirable subject classroom placement plan, and suggested the basic direction of Korean elementary and middle integrated schools focusing on the direction of space layout composition.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.283-296
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to develope a housing suitable for the Korean elderly by analyzing traditional minds on housing of the middle-aged. Data were collected by the questionnaire from 696 middle-aged in 40's and 50's living in Chinju area. Collected data were analyzed by using statistical methods of One-Way MANOVA, scheffe's test, and multiple regression analysis which were processed with SAS. Following are results. 1) Middle aged people had four main traditional factors in their minds: a propensity toward traditional indoor atmosphere, traditional housing space, traditional housing value and ceremony space & traditional life style. 2) Socio-demographically, a propensity toward traditional housing space and ceremony space & traditional life style were significantly different between sexes, but not by educational level and income. A propensity toward traditional indoor atmosphere and ceremony space & traditional life style were different between housing types. 3) However, there were a significant difference between variables such as sex, educational level, income and housing type in residential demands for the elderly life. 4) Sex, housing type, a propensity toward traditional housing space and traditional housing value influenced residential demands for the elderly life I indoor and outdoor environments, nearby facilities and available services all of which were minor items in the demand for the elderly life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual condition of the plan of middle schools in the rural area. Recently, many middle schools are remodeling the buildings and facilities based on the department system. This study, through analyzing on 3 cases of middle school in korea and japan. This article discuses about the basic characteristics of the plan composition and the education programs of 3 middle schools. The results of this study are summarized as follows; Home room and home base should be more faithfully. Various common space is needed to comfortable school life of students. In case of side corridor type plane, moving path is much needed. Most of them take horizontal zoning system in the department system of middle schools. Media space is very important to enhance the characteristics of each subject zone.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2012

This study evaluated two educational spaces, one middle school and one high school in point of universal design. The survey method with an observation and measuring method was used. The subject were 238 students of a middle and a high school. They evaluated their schools according to 53 universal design related items which consisted of 5 principles. Findings were as follows ; 1) The width of passage between desk and desk was very narrow and there is the threshold at the door of classroom. The students evaluated them negatively, too. Also, they indicated that the size of individual locker was small and the corner of furniture was sharp. 2) The width of door and passage was narrow and the floor was not flat in restroom. The design quality such as color and finishes was not good. Also, the students evaluated all these items negatively. 3) The dining space was too big. That is, so many students takes meals in one big space. The dining tables were arranged in a long rows and the width between them was also so narrow to pass through. 4) The student of high school evaluated their educational environments more negatively than ones of middle high school. This means that the high school students were more dissatisfied with their school environment. The educational environment should be designed on the base of their students' needs.