• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2007

This study is to explore the ways in which the affective characteristics of Korean middle school students have been developed and the ways in which they have an effect on their mathematics achievements by using TIMSS (the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) data of 1995, 1999, and 2003. In addition, this study investigates the differences in affective variables between boys and girls toward mathematics. The result of the study indicates that the affective characteristics of Korean middle school students have changed a little, but that its effect on mathematics achievement increased a lot from 1995 to 2003. This study also shows that the Korean students study mathematics to get a job than to enter a university. However, girls have come to study it harder before going to college and it seems to have an impact on their mathematics scores; this happened in 1999. So we can infer from it that the decreasing in the difference between boys and girls in mathematics achievement may have been influenced by the girls' learning motivation to go to college. Lastly, it should be said that another analysis is needed to find out the reason for the devaluation of the importance of mathematics among the Korean middle school students.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.148-158
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the back shape of school children using the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, which was developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and is useful in evaluating three dimensional back shape. Methods : In this study the subjects consisted of 1,358 pupils [711 boys(52.36%), 647 girls(47.64%)] attending elementary and middle schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged from nine to fifteen and the average age was 12.2. With the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, the posterior view of the body were taken to see if there are correlations of moire fringe number, width difference between left and right, and correlation between differences in moire fringe number and width on both sides in the scapular, lumbar and gluteal regions. Results : The results were as follows : I. More frequent findings of fringe were observed on the right in all regions : in the scapular region, 309 boys(43.4%) and 156 girls(24.2%) had more fringe numbers on the right side; in the lumbar region, 68 boys(9.5%) and 11 girls(1.7%); and in the gluteal region, 160 boys(22.4%) and 63 girls(9.8%). Such tendency was striking especially in the scapular and lumbar regions, and in boys rather than in girls. In the scapula, 661 subjects(48.7%) with one moire fringe on either side need further attention and 110 subjects(8.I %) with two or more are required to do follow-up radiography for scoliosis. 2. In an analysis of width difference in the trunk, the left side is wider in all regions except for the gluteal region in boys : in the scapular region 21 boys(3.0%) and 103 girls(15.9%); in the lumbar region, 87 boys(12.2%) and 250 girls(38.6%); and in the gluteal region 197 girls(30.4%) had a wider left side and 45 boys(6.3%) showed a wider right side. 3. In correlation analysis of the number of moire fringe and width difference in each region, the side where more moire fringes were observed was significantly wider in the lumbar and gluteal regions, but not in the scapular region.(p<0.01) Conclusions : From these results, it is concluded that the back shape of elementary and middle school students in Seoul shows that the right side had more moire fringes; the left side was wider; and especially in the lumbar and gluteal regions the side where more moire fringes were observed was wider.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to observe the influence of internet addiction, interpersonal anxiety and self-control in messenger immersion. Questionnaires regarding internet addiction, interpersonal anxiety and self-control were administered to 600 6th grade elementary school students and 2nd grade middle school students in the province of Seoul, South Korea. A total of 592 questionnaires were collected. As statistical methods, Cronbach's, multiple linear regression analysis and stepwise regression with SPSS 10.0 were used. The main results of the study were as follows - 1) In observing the degree of messenger Immersion by the sex and grade of the adolescent, the results show that the percentage in the top group and the middle group appears higher for school boys than school girls as well as 6th grade school-children rather than for 2nd grade middle school students. 2) A difference was noted between the messenger immersion factor in school-boys' and that in school-girls'.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 TIMSS 학생 설문 자료 중에서 과학에 대한 자신감, 과학 학습에 대한 흥미, 과학 학습 동기, 과학 관련 진로 희망에 관련된 문항을 분석하여 우리나라 중학생의 과학에 대한 태도 추이 및 태도에서의 생차를 알아보았고, 우리나라 학생의 과학에 대한 태도를 싱가포르, 대만, 홍콩, 일본 중학생들과 비교하여 그 특정을 파악하였다. 우리나라 중학교 2학년 학생의 과학 학습에 대한 흥미와 과학 학습에 대한 외적 동기는 TIMSS 1999에서 감소하였다가 2003에서 다시 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 과학 학습에 대한 흥미의 경우 그 하락 및 상승폭이 상대적으로 컸다. 반면에 과학에 대해 자신감을 가진 학생과 과학 관련 직업을 희망히는 학생의 비율은 지속적으로 감소하는 추세를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 과학에 대한 자신감의 경우, 1995와 1999에서는 남녀 학생이 비슷한 양상을 보였으나 1999에서 2003으로 진행하면서 남학생의 자신감은 큰 변화가 없는 반면 여학생의 자신감은 큰 폭으로 하락하는 것으로 나타났다. 과학 학습에 대한 흥미 추이는 남녀가 비슷한 양상을 보였으며, TIMSS 1999에서 하락하였다가 TIMSS 2003에서 다시 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 과학 학습 동기는 남녀 모두 상승하는 추세인 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 여학생의 경우 상승폭이 컸다. 과학 관련 직업을 희망하는 학생의 비율은 남학생의 경우에는 지속적으로 감소하고 있는 반면, 여학생의 경우에는 TIMSS 1999에서 감소하였다가 TIMSS 2003에서 다시 약간 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 성취도가 높고 교육에 대한 사회적 가치나 문화적 배경이 유사한 싱가포르, 대만, 홍콩, 일본 등 아시아 4개 국가와 비교한 결과, 우리나라는 과학에 대한 자신감, 과학과 관련된 진로 희망, 과학 학습에 대한 흥미가 가장 낮은 국가인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to show general trends in the degree of parental monitoring, self-control and problem behavior perceived by adolescents and to examine possible changes in such trends in accordance with gender of adolescents and mother's employment, and then to determine the effects of these variables on adolescents' problem behavior. The subjects were 1288 adolescents of middle school in Busan (male 661, female 627). The main results were as follow. (1) General trends in the degree of internalizing problems and total behavior problems showed that girls had more problem behaviors than boys. (2) Boys and girls with unemployed mother perceived more parental monitoring than ones with employed mothers. Boys with unemployed mother had more self-control than ones with employed mothers. Boys with employed mother showed more problem hehaviors than ones with unemployed mother. (3) Mother's employment, the degree of parental monitoring and self-control had a significant indirect effect on internalizing problems, externalizing problems and total behavior problems. (4) The degree of self-control was the most powerful predicator of problem behaviors of middle school students.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition difference and obesity prevalence in grade 5 to 8 by gender. A total of 1,333 students, 707 boys and 631 girls, were recruited from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, lean body mass, and body fat were assessed. Height and weight were increased by grade, but Body Mass Index (BMI) by grade showed no significant difference among boys. Lean body mass had growth spurt between 7 and 8 grade among boys compared to gradual increase among girls. Overweight and obesity prevalence were higher among elementary schoolers than middle schoolers. Overweight (BMI for age> $85^{th}$ percentile) prevalence was about $44\%$ among $5^{th}$ grade boys compared $29\%$ among same grade girls. These results provided that there were prominent difference regarding body growth and obesity prevalence in gender and grade. Further studies for children and adolescents should be considered their body composition change.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2002

Purpose : This study examines the differences in self-efficacy and health promoting behavior between obese students and normal weight students by gender; it tries to obtain basic data for the health guidance of obese students. Methods : Data were collected from 360 students (90 normal weight males, 90 obese males, 90 normal weight females, 90 obese females) using questionnaires about general characteristics, self-efficacy, and health promoting behavior. There were analyzed with descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation), and a x$^2$ test, ANCOVA, and a Pearson's correlation of coefficient at the 0.05 significance level by using the SAS (version 8.01) Win Program. Results : The score of self-efficacy appears that in the case of boys, obese students are significantly lower than their normal weight counterparts (F=25.85, p=<.0001), while in the case of girls there is no significant difference between the two groups (F=.01, p=.9118). The score of health promoting behavior appears that in the case of boys, obese students are significantly lower than their normal weight counterparts (F=28.61, p=<.0001), while in the case of girls there is no significant difference between the two groups (F=1.25, p=.2643). The relation of self-efficacy and health promoting behavior shows a statistically significant correlation in all cases: obese boys (r=.69, p=<.0001), normal weight boys (r=.51, p=<.0001), obese girls (r=.67, p=<.0001), and normal weight girls (r=.49, p=<.0001). Conclusions : An evaluation study needs to see whether a program to encourage the self-efficacy of obese boys can be effective in health promoting behavior or weight control in the long run. As in this study more than half of the obese girls have mild-level obesity, a follow-up study should be conducted to examine the self-efficacy and health promoting behavior between middle or highly obese students and normal weight students.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data for health promotion and improvement of the dietary life in students who receive school lunch support (SLS) by comparative analysis of food service satisfaction, dietary habits, and nutrition intakes according to SLS. The subjects of this study consisted of 258 boys and 233 girls at a middle school in Incheon. The students' average age was 14.9 years, average height was 161.3 cm, and average weight was 52.0 kg. The breakfast eating frequency of the No-SLS (NSLS) group was significantly greater than that of the SLS group (P<0.05). The time spent for eating breakfast in the SLS group was significantly shorter than that of the NSLS group for boys. There was no significant difference in dietary attitudes according to SLS. For satisfaction of the quantity and diversity of the school lunch menu in girls, the SLS group had higher satisfaction than the NSLS group. The daily energy intake of the SLS group was significantly lower than that of the NSLS group in both boys and girls. The majority of daily nutrients intakes in the SLS group were also significantly lower than those in the NSLS group. In summary, the female students in the SLS group were more satisfied with school lunch service than general students. However, SLS students less frequently ate breakfast and showed lower energy and nutrient intakes. Therefore, in order to improve the nutritional status and dietary life of students who receive school lunch support, consistent nutrition management and support in schools are required.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the risk of school bullying victimization and the risk of Internet gaming disorder according to gender in adolescents. Methods: The data of 1,920 middle school students collected at the baseline of the Internet user Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of gaming disorder in Early Adolescence (iCURE) study were analyzed. For statistical analysis, $x^2$ test, t-test and stratified multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted using SAS 9.4. Results: The prevalence rate of Internet gaming disorder of middle school boys was greater than that of girls (Boys: 9.9%, Girls: 6.2%). The greater the risk of school bullying victimization, the greater both the risk of Internet gaming disorder and the average daily time spent on Internet gaming. In girls, the relationship between the experience of being bullied in school and Internet gaming disorder was not statistically significant. However, the boys who had been bullied in school were 3.2 times more vulnerable to the risk of Internet gaming disorder than those without such experience (95% CI: 1.135-8.779). Conclusions: When considering interventions for Internet gaming disorder for adolescents, bullying victimization should be taken into account as well. Particularly, relieving stress related to bullying victimization can be important for boys with Internet gaming disorder.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge, attitude and experience of middle school boys toward Sexual Behavior. Data were collected by questionnaires from 246 middle school students in Korea, from June 4 to 30, 2000. The reliabilities of instruments were adequate(Cronbach's alpha= .56-.70). Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, and ANOVA test using SAS V8 program. The results are as follows; 1. The mean score of knowledge of sexual behavior was $12.89{\pm}2.48$ and showed significant differences by the grade(f=5.0l. p=.0074). 2. The mean score of attitude of sexual behavior was $3.69{\pm}0.37$ and showed significant differences by the grade(f=3.06, p=.0386). 3. The correlation between knowledge and attitude is significant(r=.2290, p=0003). 4. The subjects experienced sexual behaviors such as. pornography(80%), night pollution (37.9%), masturbation(32.2%), Kiss(19.1%), Pet(8.7%), Coitus(3.2%). 5. The subjects being received sexual education were 94.7%, these former sexual educations is unsatisfied(40.7%). 6. The subjects who need sexual educations was 55.1%. The needs of sexual educations was high in the connection on with the other sex(51.9%), coitus(12.3%), sexual impulse (7.5%), sex organs(7.1%), sexual physiology (5.2%), masturbation(4.7%). In conclusion, subjects necessary to give sexual educations are suitable to the subjects's needs, grades and teaching methods such as multimedia program.