• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.351-359
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• 2008

In an effort to develop high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) proxies for mid-latitude regions, two massive reef-building coral species, Alveopora and Favia, were collected from Jeju and Tsushima Islands, respectively. Their skeletons were subsequently analyzed for annual growth banding, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. Hermatypic corals are thinly distributed in the waters of Jeju Island, where Alveopora japonica was the only dominant coral species. A higher diversity of hermatypic corals were observed in the waters of Tsushima Island, where Favia sp. was the most common coral species and even forming an about 6-m-high reef structure. Both Alveopora and Favia showed annual growth layers consisting of couplets of high- and low-density bands. Sr/Ca ratio of both species and Mg/Ca ratio of Alveopora also showed seasonal variation, likely reflecting SST variation. These results suggest the possibility that Alveopora and Favia species can be used as potential SST proxies. However, this study also highlights the potential growth disturbance of middle latitude corals due to high rainfall during monsoon and low SST during winter. This possibility should be taken into account in the investigation of Sr/Ca(Mg/Ca)-SST relationships.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.421-430
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• 2015

Rural Development Administration has recently developed mid-late maturing rice cultivars with high quality. This study was conducted to select suitable mid-late maturing rice cultivar in major cultivation areas of Gangwon Province among domestic breeding cultivars for 2 years from 2013 to 2014. The average air temperature during the experiment in 2013 and 2014 was higher $0.6{\sim}1.1^{\circ}C$ in Chuncheon, $1.0{\sim}1.3^{\circ}C$ in Gangreung, and $0.1{\sim}0.7^{\circ}C$ in Cheolwon than normal year. Precipitation in ripening period was higher 52.5 mm in 2013, but lower 176.4 mm in 2014 than normal year in Chuncheon, lower 103.1 mm in 2013 and higher 42.9 mm in 2014 in Gangreung, lower 225.9~322.7 mm in Cheolwon. Duration of sunshine in ripening period was higher 142 hours in Chuncheon, 108 hours in Gangreung, and 94 hours in Cheolwon than normal year in 2013, higher 20~21 hours in Chuncheon and Gangreung, and 82 hours in Cheolwon than normal year in 2014. Milled rice yield of 'Samgwangbyeo' and 'Daebobyeo' was 594 kg per 10a, and 578 kg for 'Jinsumibyeo' in Chuncheon in plain area. For Gangreung in east coastal area, the yield of 'Daebobyeo' was 555 kg per 10a, 'Hopumbyeo' was 554 kg, and 'Chilbobyeo' was 546 kg. For Cheolwon in mid-mountainous area, the yield was 504 kg per 10a for 'Daebobyeo' and 489 kg for 'Haiamibyeo'. But there was no difference in milled rice yield among cultivars tested in the study at each area. Head rice ratio of 'Haiamibyeo', 'Jinsumibyeo', and 'Mipumbyeo' in Chuncheon was 94.2~95.6% higher than the other cultivars. In Gangreung head rice ratio of 'Hopumbyeo', 'Haiamibyeo', and 'Samgwangbyeo' were 85.2~88.3% but there was no difference among cultivars except 'Gopumbyeo' and broken rice ratio of 'Haiamibyeo', 'Samgwangbyeo', and 'Mipumbyeo' were low as 7.5~8.5% and palatability of 'Mipumbyeo' was higher than the other cultivars. Head rice ratio of 'Daebobyeo' was the highest as 89.2% and there was no difference in broken and chalky rice ratio and palatability among cultivars in Cheolwon. Considering rice yield and quality in major cultivation areas of Gangwon Province, suitable mid-late maturing rice cultivars were 'Samgwangbyeo', 'Haiamibyeo', and 'Jinsumibyeo' in Chuncheon, 'Daebobyeo' and 'Chilbobyeo' in Gangreung, and 'Daebobyeo' and 'Haiamibyeo' in Cheolwon. The results obtained in the study imply that the selected cultivars with high yield and quality and suitability to Chuncheon, Gangreung, and Cheolwon, respectively could be recommended to rice cultivating farmers in the regions with high priority.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

Changes of heading response and leaf production of winter cereals according to cultivar and sowing date in spring, were investigated in Suwon Korea during three years from 2007 to 2009 to obtain information on use as spring living mulch of winter cereals for weed suppression without herbicide in environment-friendly crop production. Rye showed variation among cultivar in heading response according to sowing date, which means that cultivar selection for living mulch is important in rye. Cultivar Prima and Wintergreen had not headed in sowing during March with low soil temperature in contrast to cultivar Koolgrazer and Gokwoo which had headed somewhat even until sowing in early May with relative high soil temperature. Barley and wheat showed distinct characteristics in heading response between sowing before and after early April compared to rye. Leaf production for soil covering was higher in barley than wheat, and cultivar Mirak than Ol within barley in 2007, respectively. Leaf production were not different much among rye cultivar in sowing during early or mid April, but it was different in sowing after mid April indicating that winter cereal cultivar with high leaf production could be selected in late sowing. It is thought that rye cultivar Duru was the most proper cultivar for spring living mulch in the point of high leaf production in addition to low heading in sowing after March.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2011

Metallic sintered brake pads are often applied to mid/high speed train due to their high strength and thermal characteristics. Imbalance contact between discs and pads can greatly influence the life span, one sided wear, discs attack/crack and threat the safety of the train during operation. In this research, we analyzed pressure/temperature distribution between brake pads and disks. Analyzed data had been verified and modified to conduct further tests of flexible brake pads with small/full-scale dynamo test. Flexible brake pads were installed to high speed train to conduct further tests to identify the differences between rigid brake pads and flexible brake pads. In result, Flexible brake pads showed outstanding disk thermal stability, one sided wear, noise and wear rate than rigid brake pad.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2024

In the context of rapid temperature rise in mid-to-high latitude regions, cold region wetlands have become a hotspot for current wetland carbon cycle research due to their high sensitivity to climate change. Strengthening the monitoring of CO₂ fluxes in wetland ecosystems is of great practical significance for clarifying the carbon balance of wetlands and maintaining the ecological balance of wetland ecosystems in China's high latitude regions. In this study, the carbon flux (NEE, Net ecosystem exchange; GPP, Gross Primary Production; RECO, Ecosystem response) of Jingxin Wetland was monitored by eddy correlation method from August 2021 to March 2024.2022-2023 shows CO₂ sinks, absorbing 349.4 g C·m^-2·yr^-1 annually. The correlation analysis showed that Ta, VPD and PPFD were the main environmental factors affecting CO₂ flux in Jingxin wetland.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.701-714
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• 2008

This study examines the prevailing synoptic-scale mechanisms favorable for long-lived summer Persistent Positive Temperature Anomalies (PPTAs) as well as winter PPTAs in the United States. Such long-lived PPTAs usually occur in the south-central region of the United States in summer, but in the southwestern part of the United States in winter. Composite analyses of surface and pressure level data demonstrate that the formation of both winter and summer PPTAs is closely related to the movement of subtropical high pressure systems in the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, respectively. The occurrence of long-lived summer PPTAs usually coincides with an extremely stable atmospheric condition caused by persistent blocking by mid- to upper-tropospheric anticyclones. Significant surface forcing is also easily identified through relatively high Bowen ratios at the surface. Warm air advection is, however, weak and appears to be an insignificant element in the formation of long-lived summer PPTAs. On the other hand, synergistic warming effects associated with adiabatic heating under an anticyclonic blocking system as well as significant warm air advection characterize the favorable synoptic environments for long-lived winter PPTAs. However, the impact of surface forcing mechanisms on winter PPTAs is insignificant.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-169
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• 1993

The most effective modality for cold application and the length of the application have not been determined despite many studies about the use of cold. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the most effective modality among three methods of cold application, the most effective length of time for the application and the continuing effect after each type of cold application. Thirty adult patients admitted to medical and neurosurgical unit and with high fever (above 38.2 ℃) were assigned randomly to each of three cold ap-plication methods : (a) ice bag: (b) cold compress; and (c) tepid water sponge bath. Each method was applied to the whole anterior surface except the face and neck with the patient in the supine pos-ition. Rectal temperatures and skin temperatures (mid chest, upper arm, thigh and leg) were measured be-fore each application and every 10 minutes during ,each application for a period of 60 minutes. They were also measured every 10 minutes for 30 minutes after each cold application was finished. The experiments were carried out from Dec. 22. 1992 through Feb. 26, 1993. The data were analysed using means, ANCOVA Sheffe test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows : 1. There were no significant differences among the three cold application methods in the reduction of body temperature, 2. Among the ice bag, cold compress and tepid water sponge bath groups, the ice bag proved to be the most effective method for lowering skin temperature while the cold compress was least effective. 3. Both rectal and skin temperature continued to decrease during the 60 minutes of cold application, but the hunting phenomena was not observed at any of the cold application sites. 4. There were no significant correlations between mean rectal and skin temperatures. 5. Skin temperatures according to the cold application sites decreased to a range of 3.46℃ to 5.20℃ (mid chest), a range of 4.48℃ 4.96℃ (upper arm), a range of 3.86℃ to 5.05℃ (thigh), and a range of 5.42℃ -7.12℃ (leg ). 6. In continuing effect after the cold applications were finished, rectal temperatures according to ice bag, cold compress and tepid sponge bath decreased to 0.29℃, 0.23℃ and 0.09℃ respectively, while the mean skin temperatures increased to 2.39℃ , 2.04℃ and 2.22℃ respectively. In this experiment the ice bag was the most effective modality for lowering skin temperature. when-ever cold is applied for systemic effect, the continuing effect of cold should be considered. The determination of the most effective length of time for cold application needs further study.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2558-2562
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• 2007

In the present work, flow characteristics analysis has been performed for steam turbine bypass control valve (single-path type). The numerical analysis is performed by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Shear stress transport (SST) model is used as turbulence closure. Symmetry condition is applied at the mid plane of the valve while adiabatic condition is used at the outer wall of the cage. Grid independency test is performed to find the optimal number of grid points. The pressure and temperature distributions on the outer wall of the cage are analyzed. Mass flow rate at maximum plug opening condition is compared with the designed mass flow rate.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

This study was carried out for evaluating the interior thermal environment in KBS Open hall with large ceiling height and large space. Ventilation systems of KBS Open hall have combined mixing ventilation and downward displacement ventilation system. Temperature and velocity was measured 130 locations with low level(0.1m), mid level(0.6m) and high level(1.1m). But relative humidity was measured at 15 locations. The subjective thermal sensation was made an inquiry of occupancy at the location measured physical elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.33A no.12
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• pp.59-64
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• 1996

InSb MIS devices prepared by remote PECVD SiO$_{2}$ were fabricated. The SiO$_{2}$ films on InSb were deposited at atemperature range of 67~190$^{\circ}$C. The effects of deposition temperature on the structural characteristics of the SiO$_{2}$ films evaluated Auger electron spectroscopy showed that atomic raito of silicon to oxygen was 0.5 and composition toms were distributed uniformaly throuout the oxide film. The transition region is about 100$\AA$ for SiO$_{2}$/InSb interface. The leakage current density at 1MV/cm and the breakdownelectric field of the MiS device using SiO$_{2}$ film deposited at 105$^{\circ}$C were about 22 nA/cm$^{2}$ and 3.5MV/cm, respectively. The interface-state density at mid-bandgap extracted from 1 MHz high frequency C-V measurement was about 2X10$^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$eV$^{-1}$.