• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

Whlie cytologic characteristics of squamous dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix are well documented, relatively few studios have dealt with the cellular features of microinvasive carcinoma. In order to describe the cellular characteristics of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, we retrospectively reviewed 45 cervovaginal smears(15 carcinoma in situ, 15 microinvasive cancer, 15 invasive cancer) which were confirmed by histologic examination of specimens obtained by hysterectomy at the Seoul National University Hospital during S years from 1995 to 1999. The cytologic features about tumor diathesis, inflammatory background, ceil arrangement, anisonucleosis, nuclear membrane irregularity, nuclear chromatin pattern, and nucleoli were observed. The cytologlc characteristics of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix are syncytial pattern, mild tumor diathesis, the irregularity of nuclear membrane, irregularly distributed nuclear chromatin, and occurrence of micronucleoli. But, correlation between the depth of Invasion and the cytologic feature had limited value.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

We studied cervical cytology of 175 cases of histologically confirmed microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Cheil General Hospital from 1991 to 1993. Excluding 32 cases of insufficient smear, 143 cases were reviewed in view of background, cellularity, smear pattern, nuclear chromatin and presence of nucleoli. The characteristic findings of microinvasive carcinoma were syncytia and/or individual tumor cells in the focally necrotic inflammatory background. Nuclear chromatin was clear or fine. Nucleoli were observed in 55%. The prediction rate of microinvasive carcinoma was 74%. There is no significant relationship between the cellular features and depth of invasion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4013-4017
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• 2016

Background: To compare the pathological findings and oncologic outcomes of stage IA cervical carcinoma patients, between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cases. Materials and Methods: A total of 151 medical records of stage IA cervical carcinoma patients undergoing primary surgical treatment during 2006-2013 were reviewed. Information from pathological diagnosis and recurrence rates were compared with descriptive statistical analysis. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analysis. Results: The median age was 48.9 years. There was no significant difference in rates of lymph node, parametrium, uterine, vaginal, or ovarian metastasis, when comparing adenocarcinoma with squamous cell carcinoma. Overall recurrence rates of adenocarcinoma (5.7%) and squamous cell carcinoma (2.6%) were not statistically significant different, even when stratified by stage. When comparing progression free survival with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma had an HR of 0.448 (0.073-2.746), p=0.386. Conclusions: Microinvasive adenocarcinoma of cervix has similar rate of extracervical involvement and oncologic outcomes to squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1031-1035
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• 1996

폐의 편평상피암종에서 기관지표면상피의 화생에 대해서는 많은 이들에 의해서 밝혀진 바 있지만 그 외의 다른 종류의 폐암과 연관된 기관지 표면상피의 변화에 대해서는 그 예가 많지 않고 소세포폐암종에 대해서는 더욱 그러하다. 한편 소세포암종의 조직학적 분류와그아형에 대해서 지난수십년 간많은 관심이 모아져 왔다. 이 종량의 아형을분류하는기본적인 근거는 그 형태학적 판정 기준에 있다. 1967년 WHO폐암종 분류법이 제긍된 이후 3여러 기관에서 SCLC의 임상경과나 치료에 대한 반응, 그 아형을 연구하였다. 1988년 IASLC에서는 소세포암종을 그 형태학적 구분으로 세가지 아형 : Small cell carcinoma (2) Mixed small cel1/1arge ceil carcinoma (3) Combined small cell carcinoma로 분류하고 예후와 치료에 대한 반응의 차이에 대해서 언급하였다. 최근 저자들은 68세 남자환자에서 소세포암종에서 국소적으로 편평양분화를 보이는 세포가 함께 혼합되어 있는 주종괴와 분리되 어서 존재하는 기관지 상피세포에 편평상피암종이 동반된 예를 전폐 절제 술을 하고 조직 검사상 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2005

To determine the correlation between mast cells(MCs) and neoangiogenesis in the growth and progression of cervical cancer, we investigated mast cell density(MCD), microvessel density(MVD) and the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive suqamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Forty-five cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN I, II and III), 15 microinvasive carcinomas, 15 invasive squamous cell carcinomas and 20 normal cervical epithelia were included in this study. MCs were stained with anti-c-Kit antibody and alcian blue, microvessels with anti-factor VIII antibody and VEGF with anti-VEGF antibody. The adjacent fields of both normal and neoplastic epithelium were used for counting MCs and microvessels. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate MCD and MVD. MCD and MVD were the mean numbers per $1mm^2$ counted in 5-10 high and low power fields respectively. In both c-Kit and alcian blue stained sections, MCD progressively increased along the continuum from CIN I to invasive squamous cell carcinoma(p<0.001). MVD increased significantly with cervical neoplasia progression, from CIN to invasive squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.001). In double c-Kit and Factor VIII-stained sections, MCs were mainly present in the areas adjacent to newly formed blood vessels. However, there were no significant differences in MCD and MVD between normal epithelum and CIN I. A strong correlation was also observed between MCD and MVD. In double VEGF and alcian blue-stained sections, VEGF was expressed in only MCs. Strong VEGF-positive MCs were particularly abundant around the tumorous region. Our results suggest that MCs may upregulate neoangiogenesis by VGEF secretion in the development and progression of cervical neoplasia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5811-5815
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• 2012

Background: Non-invasive oral verrucous carcinoma (OVC) and invasive well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have similar histopathologic findings but different biological behavior. These two malignancies must be correctly differentiated by pathologists. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Ki67 in OVC and well-differentiated OSCC. Methods: Expression of Ki67 was evaluated by IHC in 15 cases of epithelial hyperplasia with no dysplasia (A group), 15 cases of OVC (B group), 12 cases of microinvasive OSCC(C group) and 15 cases of well-differentiated OSCC (D group). Results: There was a significant difference in Ki67 expression based on pattern distribution of immunostaining positive cells, with quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses, among the four groups ; also, between A group and each of the other three groups (P=0.0001). But there was no significant difference between B and C, C and D, and B and D groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The three evaluation methods of Ki67 expression showed Ki67 (Mib-1) is not a good immunohistochemical marker to assess invasion status and differentiate OVC from well-differentiated OSCC; also, it cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between variants of OSCC with similar grade.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8145-8147
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• 2016

Background: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) feature a wide variety of cervical cells, including benign and malignant examples. The management of ASCUS is complicated. Guidelines for office gynecology in Japan recommend performing a high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test as a rule. The guidelines also recommend repeat cervical cytology after 6 and 12 months, or immediate colposcopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of ASCUS. Materials and Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2014, a total of 162 patients underwent cervical conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), carcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma, microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma in situ at our hospital. The results of cervical cytology prior to conization, the pathology after conization, and high-risk HPV testing were obtained from clinical records and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Based on cervical cytology, 31 (19.1%) of 162 patients were primarily diagnosed with ASCUS. Among these, 25 (80.6%) were positive for high-risk HPV, and the test results of the remaining 6 patients (19.4%) were uncertain. In the final pathological diagnosis after conization, 27 (87.1%) and 4 patients (12.9%) were diagnosed with CIN3 and carcinoma in situ, respectively. Conclusions: Although ASCUS is known as a low-risk abnormal cervical cytology, approximately 20% of patients who underwent cervical conization had ASCUS. The relationship between the cervical cytology of ASCUS and the final pathological results for CIN3 or invasive carcinoma should be investigated statistically. In cases of ASCUS, we recommend HPV tests or colposcopic examination rather than cytological follow-up, because of the risk of missing CIN3 or more advanced disease.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2007

There is increasing evidence that stromal reaction in cancer has an important diagnostic and prognostic significance. The aim of our study is to analyze the relation between the increase in mast cell number and the expression CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (${\alpha}$-SMA) in the stroma of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We investigated a total of 29 CIN (1,2,3) and 21 SCC (microinvasive and invasive) specimens and compared the distribution of $CD34^+$ stromal cells, ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells, transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ $(TGF-{\beta}1)^+$ cells, and the density of mast cells using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD34, ${\alpha}$-SMA, TGF-${\beta}1$, and c-Kit (CD117) respectively. Computerized image analysis was to evaluate the positive area (%) and density of the respective immunoreactive cells. In CIN $CD34^+$ cells were abundant in the stroma but no ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells were identified except the wall of blood vessels. $CD34^+$ cells were progressively decreased along the continuum from CIN 2 to microinvasive SCC and not observed in the stroma of invasive SCC. Whereas ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells were only observed in the stroma of microinvasive and invasive SCC. We found more intense TGF-${\beta}1$ expression in the increased mast cells in the stroma of invasive SCCs than that in the stroma of CIN. These results indicate that disappearance of $CD34^+$ stromal cells and appearance of ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells are associated with the stromal change of CIN to SCC and the transformation of $CD34^+$ stromal cells into ${\alpha}-SMA^+$ cells is mediated by TGF-${\beta}1$ secretions in the stromal mast cell of SCC.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1988

1983년 5월부터 1987년 12월 말까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에 내원하여 자궁경부 악성종양으로 진단 받은 총 202예에 대하여 임상 및 병리 조직학적 조사를 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 자궁경부암은 같은 기간 동안 발생된 전 여성 악성종양의 10%를 정하였다. 2. 총 202예의 자궁경부 여성 악성종양 중 편평상피암 195예(96.3%), 선암 4예(2%), 편평상피선암 2예(1%), 임파종 1예(0.5%)였다. 편평상피암 중 상피내암이 60예(30.0%), 현미경적 침윤암이 9예(4%), 침윤암이 126예(62.5%)였다. 3. 평균연령은 상피내암이 43.8세, 현미경적 침윤암이 40.0세, 침윤암이 52.1세였다. 4. 주소는 자궁출혈(47.5%), 이상 세포진 검사(15.4%), 이상 자궁분비물(9.4%), 복통(6.9%), 요통(4.5%)순이었다. 5. 주소의 기간은 6개월 이내가 73.2%였으며, 평균 주소기간은 3.8개월이었다. 6. 초혼연령은 19~22세가 46.5%를 차지했으며, 평균 초혼연령은 21.5세였다. 7. 임신회수는 5~8회가 51.5%, 평균 임신회수는 6.2회였다. 분만회수는 1~4회가 61.9%, 평균 분만회수는 3.9회였다. 8. 침윤암 126예의 임상 각기별 분포는 제 1기 48예(31.8%), 제 2기 54예(42.9%), 제 3기 11예(8.7%), 제 4기 8예(6.3%)였다. 9. 세포 유형별 분포는 large cell nonkeratinizing형이 101예(80.2%), keratinizing형이 25예(19.8%)였다. 10. 세포진 검사 106예 중 class I 2예(1.9%), class II 16예(15.1%), class III 33예(31.1%), class IV 31예(29.3%), class V 24예(24.6%)였다. 11. 임파선 전이는 제 1기 3예(7.5%), 제 2 기 6예(11.1%)였다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in the uterine cervix was investigated to define the possible etiologic role in cervical carcinogenesis. The viral genotyping and LMP-1 30bp deletion were also stooled. The materials included 169 uterine cervical swabs(152 within normal limits, 12 atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, 3 low grade intraepithelial lesions, and 2 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and 104 uterine cervical tissues obtained from hysterectomy specimens(32 carcinoma in situ, 9 microinvasive squamous cell carcinomas, 37 invasive squamous cell carcinomas, 7 adenocarcinomas, 7 adenosquamous carcinomas, and 12 cervicitis). EBV detected by PCR for EBNA-1 was positive in 52(56.5%) of 92 invasive and noninvasive cervical carcinomas, and 80(48.8%) of 164 inflammatory or normal cervices. The viruses detected in carcinomas were all type A, and LMP-1 30bp deletion form was more frequent in premalignant and malignant cervical lesions than in nonneoplastic cervices. From the above results, it may be concluded that EBV is one of common viruses detected in uterine cervix of Korean women, and type A virus and LMP-1 30bp deletion form may have a role in cervical carcinogenesis.