• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1451-1456
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• 2012

A total of 144 ((Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Landrace)) pigs with an average initial BW of $28.85{\pm}0.63$ kg were used in this 6-wk growth trial. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments in a completely random block design. Each dietary treatment consisted of 9 replicate pens, with 4 pigs per replicate. Dietary treatments included: i) NC (basal diet), ii) PC (NC+apramycin 0.5 g/kg), iii) BPT1 (NC+bacteriophage 0.25 g/kg) and iv) BPT2 (NC+bacteriophage 0.5 g/kg). The inclusion of antibiotics and bacteriophages did not affect the (p>0.05) ADG, ADFI and G:F compared with the basal diet. Dietary antibiotics and bacteriophages supplementation led to a higher (p<0.05) DM digestibility than the NC treatment. Pigs fed the bacteriophage supplemented diet increased (p<0.05) the N digestibility compared with those fed NC treatment. Supplementation of antibiotics led to a higher (p<0.05) energy digestibility than the NC treatment. No difference (p>0.05) was observed in the RBC, WBC, lymphocyte concentration and fecal moisture among treatments. Pigs fed PC and BPT2 treatments reduced (p<0.05) the E. coli concentration compared with those fed NC treatment. The inclusion of BPT2 treatment led to a higher (p<0.05) lactobacillus concentration compared with NC and PC treatment. Dietary antibiotic and bacteriophage supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the Salmonella concentration compared with NC treatment. In conclusion, our study suggested that bacteriophage at the level of 0.5 g/kg could be used as an antibiotics alternative for growing pigs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2013

Transgenic plants have been tested as an alternative host for the production and delivery of experimental oral vaccines. Here, we developed transgenic potatoes that express the major antigenic sites A and D of the glycoprotein S from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV-$S_{0.7}$) under three expression vector systems. The DNA integration and mRNA expression level of the TGEV-$S_{0.7}$ gene were confirmed in transgenic plants by PCR and northern blot analysis. Antigen protein expression in transgenic potato was determined by western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that based on a dilution series of Escherichia coli-derived antigen, the transgenic line P-2 had TGEV-$S_{0.7}$ protein at levels that were 0.015% of total soluble proteins. We then examined the immunogenicity of potato-derived TGEV-$S_{0.7}$ antigen in mice. Compared with the wild-type potato treated group and synthetic antigen treated group, mice treated with the potato-derived antigen showed significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA responses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2015

Bacillus-based feed additive was evaluated for its efficacy on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission, and the consumption of time and amount of water for cleaning the pen of growing finishing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs ($23.59{\pm}1.41kg$) were used in a 16-wk feeding trial. Pigs were randomly distributed into 1 of 2 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex. There were 12 replicate pens per treatment, with 5 pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments were CON which was basal diet, and T1 which was CON+62.5 ppm microbial feed additive that provided $1.47{\times}10^8cfu$ of Bacillus organisms per gram of supplement. During the weeks 0 to 6, average daily gain (ADG) in T1 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than CON, but no improvement in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F) was noted. During 6 to 16 weeks, no difference (p>0.05) was noted in growth performance. However, ADG was improved (p<0.05) and overall ADFI tended (p = 0.06) to improve in T1 compared with CON. At week 6, the co-efficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) nitrogen (N) was increased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON. Fecal $NH_3$ emission was decreased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON, at the end of 6th and 15th weeks. The time and water consumed for washing the pens were decreased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON. In conclusion, supplementation with Bacillus-based feed additive could improve the overall growth performances, increase the CATTD of DM and decrease the fecal $NH_3$ content and the time and water consumed in washing the pens for growing-finishing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of extracted pigment from Dietzia natronolimnaea biomass as a source of canthaxanthin in comparison with synthetic canthaxanthin on egg yolk pigmentation. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD). A total of 63 laying hens, 68 weeks old, were used and the birds were allotted to 7 dietary treatments with each treatment replicated three times with three hens per replicate. Treatments consisted of 3 levels of synthetic canthaxanthin (4, 8 and 16 ppm), 3 levels of extracted pigment from D. natronolimnaea biomass (4, 8 and 16 ppm) and control. Changes in yolk color were determined in 2 eggs taken at random, during the four week experimental period from each replicate. Supplementation of extracted pigment from D. natronolimnaea biomass had a significant effect on the color of egg yolks (p<0.05). Yolk color score of the control group was 6.83 in BASF color fan and the yolk color score of different extracted pigment levels was 11.00, 12.50 and 14.50, respectively. The yolk colors of different levels of synthetic canthaxanthin were 12.00, 14.00 and 15.00, respectively. The effect of pigment supplementation on egg yolk color was better explained by polynomial response curves. The $R_{2}$ indicated that for 3 supplementation levels of each pigment studied, over 90% of the color variation could be explained by the pigment concentration. The egg yolk color after 15 and 30 days of storage was not significantly different, but boiling reduced egg yolk color significantly (p<0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1078-1094
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• 2021

This research investigated the physio-chemical and microbial quality characteristics of dry fermented sausage from selected Pediococcus strains: P. acidiliactici (PE1) and P. pentosaceus (PE2) as compared to commercial starter culture (COS) during fermentation and ripening. Treatments showed no substantial variation (p<0.05) in water activity (a_w) values across the study period. PE1 and PE2 treatments exhibited similar (p>0.05) pH values and presented remarkable (p<0.05) lower volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBARS) content than COS treatment throughout the ripening period. However, the pH values in COS batch were considerably lower than others. PE1 samples presented a significant highest (p<0.05) counts both in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and total plate count (TPC) than COS and PE2 treatments at 7 days fermentation, and it resulted in a similar and higher TPC count as COS after the ripening period. After the ripening process, treatments are ordered based on LAB counts as follows: COS>PE1>PE2. All batches presented similar redness and yellowness attributes since the 7 days of fermentation and in lightness across the study period. Treatments were similar (p>0.05) in springiness and chewiness traits across the study period and in hardness characteristics in the ripened products. Cohesiveness was higher in PE1 and COS batches. No variation (p>0.05) in aroma and sourness sensory attributes of treatments. The color attribute was highest (p<0.05) in PE1 and PE2 treatments and PE1 had the highest overall acceptability. The overall outstanding merit exhibited by PE1 can be utilized in the commercial production of high-quality dry fermented sausage.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2021

The aim of this was evaluate the efficacy of lysozyme on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora population, and blood profiles of weanling pigs under Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge. A total of 30 piglets weaned at 25 days, 7.46 kg body weight, were assigned to three dietary treatments, composed of five replications, two piglets per replication, for 7 days. The dietary treatment groups were negative control (NC; without antibiotics and lysozyme), positive control (PC; NC + antibiotics), lysozyme (NC + 0.1% lysozyme). All piglets were challenged orally with 6 ml suspension, containing E. coli K88 (2 × 10⁹ CFU/mL). Dietary supplementation with lysozyme and PC resulted in no significant differences in average daily gain and gain to feed efficiency. Weanling pigs fed with E. coli challenge with lysozyme and PC treatments had significantly enhanced nutrient retentions of dry matter and energy (p < 0.05); however, there was a tendency to increase nitrogen digestibility. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of lysozyme and antibiotics treatment groups had a beneficial effect on excreta, ileal, and cecal of the fecal microbial population as decreased E. coli (p < 0.05) counts, without effects on lactobacillus counts. A significant effect were observed on a white blood cells, epinephrine and cortisol concentrations were reduced in piglets fed diets containing E. coli challenge with lysozyme and antibiotics supplementation comparison with the NC group. Therefore, the present data indicate that lysozyme in diet could ameliorate the experimental stress response induced by E. coli in piglets by decreasing intestinal E. coli, white blood cells and stress hormones and improving nutrient digestibility.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2024

In this research, the growth efficiency, nutritional utilization, fecal microbial levels, and fecal score of weaned pigs were evaluated using therapeutic zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc aspartic acid chelate (Zn-Asp). In a 42-day feeding trial, 60 weaned pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) were arbitrarily allotted (age: 21 days; 7.01 ± 0.65 kg preliminary body weight) to 3 different treatment groups with 5 repetitions (2 male and 2 female piglets) in each pen. The trial had 2 different phases, including 1-21 days as phase 1, and 22-42 days as phase 2. The nutritional treatments were: basal diet as control (CON), basal diet incorporated with 3,000 ppm ZnO as TRT1, and basal diet incorporated with 750 ppm Zn-Asp as TRT2. In comparison to the CON group, the pigs in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups had greater (p < 0.05) body weight on day 42; an average daily gain, and an average daily feed intake on days 22-42. Furthermore, during days 1-42, the average daily gain in the treatment groups trended higher (p < 0.05) than in the CON group. Additionally, the fecal score decreased (p < 0.05) at week 6, the lactic acid bacteria count tended to increase (p < 0.05), and coliform bacteria presented a trend in reduction (p < 0.05) in the TRT1 and TRT2 groups compared to the CON group. However, there was no difference in nutrient utilization (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. Briefly, the therapeutic ZnO and Zn-Asp nutritional approaches could decrease fecal score and coliform bacteria, increase lactic acid bacteria, and improve growth efficiency; moreover, Zn-Asp (750 ppm) can perform a comparable role to therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm). So we can use Zn-Asp (750 ppm) instead of therapeutic ZnO (3,000 ppm) for the better performance of weaning pigs and the reduction of environmental pollution, as therapeutic ZnO is responsible for environmental pollution.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2014

고구마 소주는 전분과 섬유질이 많은 고구마를 발효시킨 후 상압증류하여 제조되어 특유의 부드러운 맛과 향미를 가진다. 본 연구에서는 별도의 용도가 없어 폐기되고 있는 고구마 소주 주박의 효율적인 이용을 위해, 주박의 ethanol 및 열수 추출물을 조제하고 이들을 순차적 유기용매 분획하여 각각의 hexane, ethylacetate (EA), butanol 분획물과 물 잔류물을 조제하여 각 시료의 항균 및 항혈전 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 주박의 ethanol 추출 효율이 열수 추출 효율보다 1.36배 높았으며, 분획물 중에서는 EA 분획물이 가장 높은 total polyphenol 함량을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 고구마 소주 주박의 추출물 및 분획물(0.5 mg/ml)은 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성을 나타내지 않았으며, 열수 및 ethanol 추출물의 EA 분획물에서만 광범위 항세균 활성과 강력한 혈액응고 저해 활성이 나타났다. 또한 혈소판 응집저해 활성의 경우 열수 추출물의 EA 분획에서만 아스피린과 유사한 응집저해를 나타내었다. 본 연구결과는 폐기되고 있는 고구마 소주 주박의 열수 추출물의 EA 분획이 신규의 항세균 및 항혈전제로 개발될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 느타리버섯의 생육단계별 미생물 군집을 species수준에서 조사하였다. 살균전 배지에서는 그람 양성균이 우점하였다. 반면 배양완료 배지, 수확 후 배지, 그리고 자실체에서는 그람 음성균이 우점하였다. 미생물의 다양성을 확인한 결과 살균 전 배지가 다른 생육단계에 비해 다양한 미생물을 포함하고 있는 것을 확인하였으며, 배양완료배지, 자실체, 수확 후 배지의 순서로 다양성이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 미생물의 유사도분석을 한 결과 배양완료배지와 수확 후 배지가 유사한 미생물군집을 보이는 것을 확인하였고, 자실체의 경우 일부 유사성을 보이지만 전반적으로는 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 확인하였을 때 살균과정을 거치지 않은 살균 전 배지에서는 검출되지 않은 Pseudomonas tolaasii가 살균 과정을 거친 배양완료배지, 수확후 배지에서 검출된 것으로 보아 살균 이후 접종 혹은 배양하는 과정에서 미생물이 유입하였을 것으로 추정된다. 또한 유해균이 유입되었지만 병징이 나타나지 않은 것은 유해균을 억제하는 유익균의 존재와 병징을 일으키는 농도보다 낮은 것의 영향으로 추정된다. 앞으로, 유해균이 유입되었지만 병징이 나타나지 않은 원인과 기작에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1338-1343
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• 2004

The Debao pony ear marginal tissue fibroblast cell line (NDPEM 2/2) was uccessfully established using either primary explant technique or collagenase technique. The characterizations of the cell line were identified as following: the cells were adherent and of density limitation; population doubling time (PDT) of cells made with the two techniques were 35.9 h and 48 h, respectively; chromosome analysis showed that the frequency of cell chromosome number to be 2n=64 was 91.3%-92.8%. Confirmed by isoenzyme analysis, this cell line had no cross- contamination. Tests for microbial contamination from bacteria, fungi, virus or mycoplasma were negative. This newly established cell line meets all the standard quality controls of ATCC. It will provide a precious genetic resource for the conservation of the Debao pony breed, as well as effective experimental material for genetic studies on Debao ponies.