• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.216-227
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• 2016

Biological control agents (BCAs) from different microbial taxa are increasingly used to control bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. However, a quantitative research synthesis has not been conducted on the role of BCAs in disease suppression. Therefore, the present study aimed to meta-analyze the impacts of BCAs on both Ralstonia wilt disease suppression and plant (host) growth promotion. The analysis showed that the extent of disease suppression by BCAs varied widely among studies, with effect size (log response ratio) ranging from -2.84 to 2.13. The disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased on average by 53.7% and 49.3%, respectively. BCAs inoculation also significantly increased fresh and dry weight by 34.4% and 36.1%, respectively on average. Also, BCAs inoculation significantly increased plant yield by 66%. Mean effect sizes for genus Pseudomonas sp. as BCAs were higher than for genus Bacillus spp. Among antagonists tested, P. fluorescens, P. putida, B. cereus, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens were found to be more effective in general for disease reduction. Across studies, highest disease control was found for P. fluorescens, annual plants, co-inoculation with more than one BCA, soil drench and greenhouse condition were found to be essential in understanding plant responses to R. solanacearum. Our results suggest that more efforts should be devoted to harnessing the potential beneficial effects of these antagonists, not just for plant growth promoting traits but also in mode of applications, BCAs formulations and their field studies should be considered in the future for R. solanacearum wilt disease suppression.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.940-946
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• 1996

저염 명란젓에 sulfite 염을 첨가하여 숙성 중에 일어나는 여러 가지 화학적 및 미생물 변화를 측정하여 저염 젓갈의 shelf-life에 미치는 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Bisulfite 및 metasulfite 명란젓은 숙성초기에 pH가 급격하게 감소하였다가 그 후 서서히 감소하였으며 젖산 생성량도 증가하였다. 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 아미노태 질소량은 감소 경향을 나타내었으며 metasulfite 명란젓이 가장 높은 생성량을 나타내었다. Bisulfite와 metasulfite의 첨가는 숙성 후기의 VBN 및 TMA 생성 억제에 효과적이었으며, 숙성 초기의 TBA 생성을 억제하였다. Bisulfite 및 metasulfite는 fungi를 포함한 미생물의 성장을 현저하게 저해하였다. Sulfite 염 첨가시의 추정되는 shelf-life는 대조군, sulfate, bisulfite및 metasulfite인 경우 각각 16, 14, 20 및 24일이었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5855-5860
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• 2013

Phytochemicals are among the natural chemopreventive agents with most potential for delaying, blocking or reversing the initiation and promotional events of carcinogenesis. They therefore offer cancer treatment strategies to reduce cancer related death. One such promising chemopreventive agent which has attracted considerable attention is sulforaphane (SFN), which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-microbial properties. The present study was undertaken to assess effect of SFN alone and in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine, on the proliferative potential of MCF-7 cells by cell viability assay and authenticated the results by nuclear morphological examination. Further we analyzed the modulation of expression of Bcl-2 and COX-2 on treatment of these cells with SFN by RT-PCR. SFN showed cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner via an apoptotic mode of cell death. In addition, a combinational treatment of SFN and gemcitabine on MCF-7 cells resulted in growth inhibition in a synergistic manner with a combination index (CI)<1. Notably, SFN was found to significantly downregulate the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic gene, and COX-2, a gene involved in inflammation, in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that SFN induces apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects on MCF-7 cells via downregulation of Bcl-2 and COX-2 respectively. The combination of SFN and gemcitabine may potentiate the efficacy of gemcitabine and minimize the toxicity to normal cells. Taken together, SFN may be a potent anti-cancer agent for breast cancer treatment.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2006

음식물류폐기물의 친환경적 처리를 위한 소재를 개발하기 위하여 지렁이로부터 유기물 분해 및 응집능을 갖는 기능성 미생물을 분리하였다. 분리된 균주 중 음식물류폐기물을 처리하는데 적합한 것으로 판단되는 균주를 최종 선별하여 JS-01균주로 명명하였으며 16s rDNA 염기서열분석에 의한 최종결과, Bacillus pumilus로 동정되었다. 0.5% Kaolin clay을 대상으로 JS-01균주의 응집능을 조사한 결과 응집을 위한 최적 생장조건은 MRS 액체배지에서 온도 $37^{\circ}C$ 및 pH 7.0으로 나타났다. 유기물분해능 중에서는 특히, 음식물류폐기물의 대표적 성분인 섬유소에 대한 분해능을 확인하였다. 따라서 JS-01균주는 음식물류폐기물의 친환경적 처리 및 재활용을 위한 미생물 소재 및 음식물 침출수의 효과적인 응집 처리를 위한 생체량 생성에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.372-383
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• 1994

Saliva plays an important role in modulating the oral microbial ecology. And it is suggested to influence the initiation and progression of the dental caries. To evaluate the correlations between the salivary antimicrobial agents and the caries susceptibility, the 51 subjects were divided into 3 groups according to caries experience ; caries resistant group, medium caries susceptible group, and high caries susceptible group. Stimulated whole saliva was collected, and the salivary levels were measured for lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory-IgA to Streptococcus mutans. The lysozyme level was estimated using Micrococcus diffusion plate, lactoferrin level was determined with a non-competitive avidin-biotin enzyme immunoassay, and the titer of secretory IgA to Streptococcus mutans was assayed with ELISA. The results were as follows: 1. Lysozyme levels of each group showed no significant difference statistically (p>0.05). 2. The caries resistant group and the medium caries susceptible group had significantly higher levels of lactoferrin than the high caries susceptible group (p<0.05). But no clear difference was observed between the caries resistant group and the medium caries susceptible group(p>0.05). 3. The caries resistant group and the medium caries susceptible group showed relatively higher levels of the secretory IgA to Streptococcus mutans than the pigh caries susceptible group, but no significant difference was observed statistically (p>0.05).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.201-204
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• 2008

Purpose: Now the CT scanner and PACS program proved to be an excellent instrument for detection and localization of most facial foreign bodies above certain minimum levels of detectability. The severity of injury in penetrating trauma on the face is often underestimated in physical examination. Wood, with its porous consistency and organic nature, provides a good medium for microbial agents. This is a report of our recent experience with wooden foreign bodies in the parotid gland imaged with CT. Methods: A 9-year-old boy was referred for evaluation of possible retained foreign body within his face. One day earlier, he had fallen, face down approximately 1 miter onto ground. He had subsequently undergone an exploration of his right parotido-masseteric area at an outside hospital with repair of a right facial laceration. Enhanced 2 mm axial and coronal CT scans were obtained through the face. Axial and coronal CT images were obtained with a General Electric(Milwaukee, Wis) 9800 CT scanner at 130 kV, 90 mA, with a 2 mm section thickness. Results: We finally decided the linear "gas" attenuation was a foreign body because of its linear configuration, which did not conform to that of an anatomic structure, and on the basis of articles that described a wood foreign body in the orbit as having the appearance of air. We found that wood was hypoattenuating($-464{\pm}27HU$). Conclusion: We recommend this type of software program for CT scanning for any patient with an injury on the face in which a foreign body is suspected.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2007

Poultry products including meat and eggs constitute a major protein source in the American diet and disease-causing pathogens represent major challenges to the poultry industry. More than 95% of pathogens enter the host through the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts and over the past few decades, the two main mechanisms used to control diseases have been the use of vaccines and antibiotics. However, in the poultry industry, there are mounting concerns over the ability of current vaccines to adequately protect against emerging hyper-virulent strains of pathogens and a lack of suitable, cost effective adjuvants. Thorough investigation of the immunogenetic responses involved in host-pathogen interactions will lead to the development of new and effective strategies for improving poultry health, food safety and the economic viability of the US poultry industry. In this paper, I describe the development of immunogenomic and proteomic tools to fundamentally determine and characterize the immunological mechanisms of the avian host to economically significant mucosal pathogens such as Eimeria. Recent completion of poultry genome sequencing and the development of several tissue-specific cDNA libraries in chickens are facilitating the rapid application of functional immunogenomics in the poultry disease research. Furthermore, research involving functional genomics, immunology and bioinformatics is providing novel insights into the processes of disease and immunity to microbial pathogens at mucosal surfaces. In this presentation, a new strategy of global gene expression using avian macrophage (AMM) to characterize the multiple pathways related to the variable immune responses of the host to Eimeria is described. This functional immunogenomics approach will increase current understanding of how mucosal immunity to infectious agents operates, and how it may be enhanced to enable the rational development of new and effective strategies against coccidiosis and other mucosal pathogens.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2016

고려인삼은 다년생 약용작물로써 재배 특성상 인삼에서 다양한 질병들의 효과적인 방제시스템의 개발은 인삼의 생산량 증대에 매우 중요한 요소이다. 최근 지속가능한 농업의 실현을 위한 식물의 유도저항성(ISR)과 유용미생물의 항생제 효과를 이용한 친환경 생물학적 방제 기법이 주목을 받고 있다. 하지만 인삼의 유도정항성을 정확하게 판단할 수 있는 기법은 아직까지 거의 연구되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 인삼의 유묘를 이용한 무병주 기내배양 시스템을 개발하였고, BTH에 의해 유도되는 인삼의 유도저항성을 통한 잿빛곰팡이병과 탄저병에 대한 방제효과를 검증하였다. 인삼유묘에 유도저항성을 위해 뿌리에 직접적으로 BTH를 처리하는 관주처리 방법에 비해, 잎에 직접적으로 살포하는 엽면시비 방법이 효과적으로 두 곰팡이성 병원균에 대한 방제효과가 높게 나타났다. BTH처리 인삼유묘에 탄저병원균을 처리하였을 때 인삼의 병원균 침입에 의해 급격히 발현이 증대되는 PgPR10과 PgCAT 유전자의 발현이 급속하게 증대되는 현상을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 시스템은 향후 친환경적으로 이용될 수 있는 다양한 생물학적 방제제의 효과를 검정하고 활용하는데 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2004

It has been recognized that the hen, like its mammalian counterparts, provides young chicks with antibodies as protection against hostile invaders. This system facilitates the transfer of specific antibodies from serum to egg yolk, and provides a supply of antibodies called immunoglobulin Y(IgY) to the developing embryo and the hatched chick. The protection against pathogens that the relatively immune-incompetent newly hatched chick has, is through transmission of antibodies from the mother via the egg. Egg yolk, therefore, can be loaded with a large amount of IgY against pathogens which can immobilize the existing or invading pathogens during the embryo development or in day-old chicks. Thus, the immunization of laying hens to various pathogens results in production of different antigen-specific IgY in eggs. Egg yolk contains 8∼20 mg of jmmunoglobulins (IgY) per ml or 136∼340 mg per yolk suggesting that more than 30 g of IgY can be obtained from one immunized hen in a year. By immunizing laying hens with antigens and collecting IgY from egg yolk, low cost antibodies at less than $10 per g compared to more than $20,000 per g of mammalian IgG can be obtained. This IgY technology opens new potential market applications in medicine, public health, veterinary medicine and food safety. A broader use of IgY technology could be applied as biological or diagnostic tool, nutraceutical or functional food development, oral-supplementation for prophylaxis, and as pathogen-specific antimicrobial agents for infectious disease control. This paper has emphasized that when IgY-loaded chicken eggs are produced and consumed, the specific antibody binds, immobilizes and consequently reduces or inhibits the growth or colony forming abilities of microbial pathogens. This concept could serve as an alternative agent to replace the use of antibiotics, since today, more and more antibiotics are less effective in the treatment of infections, due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1986

성(省) 에너지적 관점에서 목질자원의 식량자원화의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 속성수종인 현사시나무를 공시수종으로 하여 alkaline peroxide를 사용하여 탈리그닌화의 적정조건을 규명하였던 바, 25$^{\circ}C$에서 100시간 동안 1% $H_2O_2$(pH 11.5)로 반응시킨 것이 당화율과 분해율이 가장 높았다. 이 조건하에서 생산된 당은 주로 glucose and xylose로 구성돼 있으며, 당화효율과 분해율 무처리재에 비해 각각 260%와 350%의 증가를 나타냈으며, 이같은 조건은 1% NaOH와 20% Peracetic acid로 전처리한 목분의 그것과 대비될만한 것이다.