• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2013

In this research, we presented an effective clustering method based on ICA for the analysis of huge Raman hyperspectral dental data. The hyperspectral dataset captured by HR800 micro Raman spectrometer at UMKC-CRISP(University of Missouri-Kansas City Center for Research on Interfacial Structure and Properties), has 569 local points. Each point has 1,005 hyperspectal dentin data. We compared the clustering effectiveness and the clustering time for the case of using all dataset directly and the cases of using the scores after PCA and ICA. As the result of experiment, the cases of using the scores after PCA and ICA showed, not only more detailed internal dentin information in the aspect of medical analysis, but also about 7~19 times much shorter processing times for clustering. ICA based approach also presented better performance than that of PCA, in terms of the detailed internal information of dentin and the clustering time. Therefore, we could confirm the effectiveness of ICA for the analysis of Raman hyperspectral dental data.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2002

To understand plant-pathogen interactions, a complete set of hot pepper genes differentially expressed against pathogen attack was isolated. As an initial step, hundreds of differentially expressed cDNAS were isolated from hot pepper leaves showing non-host resistance against bacterial plant pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) using differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDDRT-PCR) technique. Reverse Northern and Northern blot analyses revealed that 50% of those genes were differentially expressed in pepper loaves during non-host resistance response. Among them, independent genes without redundancy were micro-arrayed for further analysis. Random EST sequence database were also generated from various CDNA libraries including pepper tissue specific libraries and leaves showing non-host hypersensitive response against X. campestris pv. glycines. As a primary stage, thousands of cDNA clones were sequenced and EST data were analyzed. These clones are being spotted on glass slide to study the expression profiling. Results of this study may further broaden knowledge on plant-pathogen interactions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 1997

A new probing mechanism and an active compliance control algorithm have been developed for the in-circuit test of a PCB( printed circuit board ). Commercially available robotic probing devices are incapable of controlling contact force generated through rigid probe contacts with a solder joint, at high speed. The uncontrollable excessive contact force often brungs about some defects on the surface of the solder joint, which is plastically deformable over some limited contact force. This force also makes unstable contact motions resulting in unreliable test data. To overcome these problems, we propose that a serially connected macro and micro device with active compliance provide the best potential for a safe and reliable in-circuit test. This paper describes the design characteristics, modeling and control scheme of the newly proposed device. The experimental results clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.141-143
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• 1994

In this paper, an electrostatic micro-actuator is fabricated using flat p+ diaphragm. To avoid the buckling of the flat p+ diaphragm, the processes are designed appropriately. The fabrication processes of the actuator are the anisotropic etching with EPW, the boron diffusion process, Al deposition and the silicon to glass bonding using the negative photoresist. The distance between the p+ and Al electrodes is $10{\mu}m$, and the thickness of the p+ diaphragm is $2{\mu}m$. The measurement of the characteristic of the actuator is performed at 50V. The center displacement of the diaphragm is $1.5{\mu}m$ at 10Hz. In comparison with the experimental data of the actuator with corrugated diaphragm, it is confirmed that the actuator with flat diaphragm is more effective than that with corrugated one in the small deflection region.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate climatological variations from the sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and phytoplankton size class (PSC), using NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS data in the South Sea of Korea (SSK) and East China Sea (ECS). 26-year monthly SST and 13-year monthly Chl-a and PSC data, separated by whole and nine-different areas, were used to understand seasonal and inter-annual variations. SST and Chl-a clearly showed seasonal variations: higher SST and Chl-a were observed during the summer and spring, and lower values occurred during the winter and summer. The annual and monthly SST over 26 years increased by $0.2{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$. The annual and monthly Chl-a concentration over 13 years decreased by $0.2{\sim}1.1mg/m^3$. To determine more detailed spatial and temporal variations, we used the combined data with monthly SST, Chl-a, and PSC. Between 1998 and 2010, the inter-annual trend of Chl-a decreased, with decreasing micro- and nano-size plankton, and increasing pico-size plankton. In regional analysis, the west region of the study area was spatially and temporally correlated with the area dominated by decreasing micro-size plankton; while the east region was less sensitive to coastal and land effects, and was dominated by increasing pico-size plankton. This phenomenon is better related to one or more forcing factors: the increased stratification of ocean driven by changes occurring in spatial variations of the SST caused limited contributions of nutrients and changed marine ecosystems in the study area.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.392-401
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• 2022

본 연구는 Silver diamine fluoride (SDF)와 요오드화 칼륨(KI)이 이차 우식에 노출된 상아질의 내산성에 미치는 영향을 실험실 환경에서 평가하는 것이다. 소의 절치를 이용하여 상아질 시편을 제작한 뒤 인공적으로 초기 우식병소를 형성하여 음성 대조군, 양성 대조군, SDF 도포, SDF 도포 후 KI 도포(SDFKI)의 4개 군으로 나누었다. 음성 대조군을 제외한 각 군 당 4개의 시편 상면에 Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei 및 Candida albicans를 포함하는 다종 우식원성 세균을 접종하고 28일 간 배양하였다. 음성 대조군은 초기 우식병소 형성 뒤 인산 완충 용액에 담가 28일 간 보관하였다. 모든 시편의 탈회 정도는 micro-CT를 사용하여 분석하여 SDF와 KI가 탈회 상아질의 내산성에 미치는 영향을 비교, 평가하였다. 실험 결과 SDF와 SDFKI군에서는 양성 대조군에 비해 유의하게 탈회 깊이가 감소하여 SDF와 SDFKI의 도포가 탈회 상아질의 내산성을 증가시켜 이차 우식에 대한 저항성을 향상시킨 것을 확인할 수 있었다. KI 도포는 SDF의 항균 효과에 대해 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 SDF와 SDFKI 도포는 탈회 상아질의 내산성을 증가시켜 이차 우식의 예방에 효과가 있었다. 또한 KI는 SDF의 항균 효과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않으면서 검은 변색의 가능성을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 임상에서 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.163-170
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• 2005

In this paper, the rock bolts, soil nails with filling grout and the micro-piling with injecting grout by pressure were applied for the stabilization of the cut slopes consisting of sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks respectively. The field measurements and 3-D FEM analyses to find out mobilized tensile stresses of the grouted-reinforcing members installed in the drilled holes were executed on each site. With assuming the increments of the cohesive strength in the improved ground, the back analysis using direct calibration approach of changing the elastic modulus of the ground was used to find out the improved elastic modulus which yields the same tensile stresses from field measurements. The results of back analysis show that the elastic modulus of the improved ground were 4 to 6 times as large as the elastic modulus of original ground. Consequently, the design for slope reinforcement to be more rational, it is proposed that not only the improved cohesive strength is to be used in the incremental ranges on well-known previous proposed data, but also the increased elastic modulus which is about 5 times as large as the original elastic modulus is to be considered in design.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.820-832
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• 2001

In order to obtain the basic data on the optimum conditions of electroforming process for fabricating the micro wiring pattern for plate type micro- motor core, characteristics of plating bath and properties of deposits were studied with various copper plating baths which contain sulfate, fluoborate, pyrophosphate and cyanide salt, respectively. Cathodic polarization, throwing power, internal stress, texture and surface morphology of deposits were observed. Throwing power of plating solution is deeply related to the polarization curves and the values are in the range of +20∼20%. The order of values ate as follows- pyrophosphate, cyanide, sulfate and fluoborate bath. Internal stresses of deposits are tensile in all of the copper plating bath. Thickness of the deposits plated at the center of holes has the highest value in the pyrophosphate bath and K factor, ratio of height and width of deposit, is 1.44. It was confirmed that the pyrophosphate bath was the best one for the electroforming of wire pattern.

• 정보저장시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 정보저장시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

Study for toner adhesion is known as an important role in electrophotography. In this research, a centrifugal detachment method was used to measure the adhesion force of several hundred particles simultaneously and to determine its sensitivity to particle size. For uncharged toner particles, we estimated the van der Waals force based on the centrifugal farce experiments. Then for charged toner particles, the centrifugal force experiments were carried out. The difference between the results for charged toner particles and the results for uncharged toner particles was compared with the image force calculated from a model which assumed that the toner charge was located at the center of the particle. In the calculations, experimental data obtained by E-SPART (Electrical- Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time) analyzer were used. The adhesion force of micro-sized toner particles deposited on the DR surface was found to be approximately 1${\~}$3 nN.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

Study for toner adhesion is 3non as an important role in electrophotography. In this research, a centrifugal detachment method was used to measure the adhesion force of several hundred particles simultaneously and to determine its sensitivity to particle size. For uncharged toner particles, we estimated the van der Waals force based on the centrifugal force experiments. Then for charged toner particles, the centrifugal force experiments were carried out. The difference between the results for charged toner particles and the results for uncharged toner particles was compared with the image force calculated from a model which assumed that the toner charge was located at the center of the particle. In the calculations, experimental data obtained by E-SPART (Electrical-Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time) analyzer were used. The adhesion force of micro-sized toner particles deposited on the DR surface was found to be approximately $1{\sim}3$ nN.