• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.418-427
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• 2019

Activated carbon was synthesized from bamboo charcoal by KOH activation at various temperatures for electrochemical double layer capacitor applications. The micro-structural and surface properties of all the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm method. The electrochemical properties of the activated bamboo charcoal were examined by cyclic voltammetry in the potential window of -1.0 to 0.2 V in 6 M KOH electrolyte at different scan rates. An electrode made from the sample activated with 7.5 M KOH and heat treated at $750^{\circ}C$ for 3 h gave a maximum capacitance of 553 F/g at 1 mV/s and 450 F/g at 10mV/s.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.745-753
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• 2016

초소형 연료전지용 메탄올-수증기 개질기의 경우 저온상태($250^{\circ}C$ 이하)에서 수증기와 반응하여 개질반응이 일어나기 때문에 수소를 효율적으로 생산할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 개질기에 대하여 수치해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저, 개질기 벽면 온도를 100, 140, 180, $220^{\circ}C$로 설정하였고 메탄올 전환율은 각 0, 0.072, 3.83, 46.51%로 나타났다. 다음으로 촉매의 공극률을 0.1, 0.35, 0.6, 0.85로 설정하였고, 메탄올 전환율에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 압력강하 값이 각 4645.97, 59.50, 5.12, 0.45 kPa로 나타났다. 메탄올-수증기 개질기는 $180^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서는 거의 반응하지 않으며 공극률은 개질기를 흐르는 유체가 개질기와 충분히 접촉하여 활성화 에너지를 낮추어 준다면 메탄올 전환율에 크게 영향을 미치지 않는다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.70-79
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• 2003

Paper coating can give smoothness surface and good printability to uncoated paper. Macro roughness of base paper would be decreasing its groove and grit in view of side. Nevertheless its improving effect for paper, some kind of problem is showing in the fine coated paper. Especially, back trap mottle is one of serious problems in printing with fine coated paper. Printers can not adjust conditions to overcome the problem. Also large amounts of paper can be rejected. There are many factors that influence back trap mottle. However it is not clear what the important parameters are in back trap mottle. Back trap mottle has some relationship with ink setting but good guidelines are not clear. Back trap mottle has been linked to non-uniform ink setting. We do not know how much variation in setting we can tolerate. Other mottle issues such as micro-picking and ink refusal are still common. This paper was prepared to identify correlation with ink setting and delta ink density obtained from experiment and then tried to find out some relationships with ink setting and back trap mottle. Basically fine calcium carbonate and ciay was used for main components and coarse calcium carbonate was mixed in two fine pigments to change its porosity and ink acceptance. Micro ink tack force at KRK printing tester was adapted to measure ink setting rate. KRK units were used for back trap mottle simulation and two printed samples were prepared to check delta ink density. Clay base coating has more fast ink setting time than calcium carbonate's though smoothness of clay was better than calcium carbonate. It could be explained by that clay has finer pore in its coating than calcium carbonate. DID(delta ink density) has shown a good correlation with ink setting time from micro ink tack. The total pore volume of coating layer did not match with ink setting and DID. From the results we might conclude coating that has fine pore size around 0.05 ${\mu}m$ can be exposed to high possibility of back trap mottle.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2007

다양한 종류의 기체확산층 (gas diffusion layer, GDL)을 이용하여 고분자전해질 연료전지의 성능을 시험하였으며 이를 통해 GDL의 물리적 특성과 연료전지의 성능과의 상관관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 전기전도도, 기공도, air permeability, water flux, PTFE 함량, micro-porous layer (MPL)의 유무에 따른 연료전지 성능의 변화가 고찰되었다. GDL의 물리적 특성들은 서로 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있어 연료전지의 성능변화에 영향을 주었다. Carbon paper나 carbon cloth상에 MPL의 형성이 GDL의 물리적 특성을 변화시켜 연료전지의 성능을 변화시킬 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 물리적 특성과 연료전지 성능과의 관계는 전류밀도의 크기에 따라 다른 경향을 나타내거나 혹은 무관한 경향을 보였다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2019

Lotus leaf has a special dual micro and nano surface structure which gives its highly hydrophobic surface characteristics and so-called self cleaning effect. In order to endow PVDF hollow fiber membrane with this special structure and improve the hydrophobicity of membrane surface, PVDF hollow fiber composite membranes was obtained through the immersion coating of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) dilute solution on the outside surface of PVDF support membrane. The prepared PVDF composite membranes were used in the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for the desalination. The effects of PVDF-HFP dilute solution concentration in the dope solution and coating time on VMD separation performance was studied. Membranes were characterized by SEM, WCA measurement, porosity, and liquid entry pressure of water. VMD test was carried out using $35g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NaCl aqueous solution as the feed solution at feed temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and the permeate pressure of 31.3 kPa. The vapour flux reached a maximum when PVDF-HFP concentration in the dilute solution was 5 wt% and the coating time was kept in the range of 10-60 s. This was attributed to the well configuration of micro-nano rods which was similar with the dual micro-nano structure on the lotus leaf. Compared with the original PVDF membrane, the salt rejection can be well maintained which was greater than 99.99 % meanwhile permeation water conductivity was kept at a low value of $7-9{\mu}S{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ during the continuous testing for 360 h.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2016

Flexural bending analysis of perfect and imperfect functionally graded materials plates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading are investigated in this present paper. Due to technical problems during FGM fabrication, porosities and micro-voids can be created inside FGM samples which may lead to the reduction in density and strength of materials. In this investigation, the FGM plates are assumed to have even and uneven distributions of porosities over the plate cross-section. The modified rule of mixture is used to approximate material properties of the FGM plates including the porosity volume fraction. In order the elastic coefficients, thermal coefficient and moisture expansion coefficient of the plate are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. The elastic foundation is modeled as two-parameter Pasternak foundation. The equilibrium equations are given and a number of examples are solved to illustrate bending response of Metal-Ceramic plates subjected to hygro-thermo-mechanical effects and resting on elastic foundations. The influences played by many parameters are investigated.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.787-792
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• 2001

The chloride ion penetrating into concrete is classified as the fixed chloride ion being bound in reacting to cement hydrate and the free chloride ion having a direct effect on rebar corrosion because being in solution inside porosity of concrete. Therefore, in order to study the diffusion properties of chloride ion, it is needed to evaluate binding chloride ion in concrete. In this study, we tried to give a fundamental information on diffusion of chloride ion in concrete with mineral admixtures through analysis of micro-structure transformations in concrete and effects on binding of chloride ion in cement paste when mixed with fly-ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume etc. which are used to improve durability and permeability of concrete

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.73-76
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• 2007

In this study, methane gas adsorption ability of activated carbon (AC) with surface functional group effect, adsorbed methane amount was evaluated after nitric acid and ureatreatment of AC surface. Specific surface area and pore distribution of AC were studied though nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 K. Micro pore volume was calculated through H-K method. Adsorbed methane amount was evaluated through volume method at room temperature by using auto adsorption apparatus. Adsorbed methane amount of AC was found to increase with to specific surface area increase.Correlation proposed between the methane adsorption amount and surface nature indicates that the surface nature plays an important role on the adsorption amount at a given temperature.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권34호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2004

Porous silicon nitride ceramics were prepared by Self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis from silicon powder, silicon nitride powder and the pore-forming precursor. The microstructure, porosity and the flexural strength of the porous silicon nitride ceramics were varied according to the Si/$Si_3N_4$ ratio, size and amount of the pore-forming precursors. Some samples exhibited as high flexural strength as $162\pm24$ MPa. The high strength is considered to result from the fine pore size and the strong bonding among the silicon nitrid particles.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.852-855
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• 2010

Numerical simulations for large scale triaxial tests with large diameter rockfill materials are conducted using distinct element method. For generation of compacted assembly with specific grain size distribution and initial material porosity, the clump logic method and expansion of generated particles are adapted. With micro parameters which are chosen by calibration process, discrete particle modelling of triaxial test in case of other confining stress and cyclic loading condition were conducted. Also numerical simulations of fluid injection into particulate materials were conducted to observe cavity initiation and propagation using distinct element method. The fluid scheme solves the continuity and Navior-Stokes equations numerically, then derives pressure and velocity vectors for fixed grid by considering the existence of particles within the fluid cell.