• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.657-662
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• 2004

마그카본계 내화물의 산화저항성을 증대시키기 위하여 섭씨 100$0^{\circ}C$에서 120$0^{\circ}C$에서 산화기구를 조사하고, TiC를 첨가하여 산화저항성 증가에 대한 효과를 관찰하였다. 산소공급을 위해 공기를 분당 0.2리터의 속도로 흘려주었으며 열천칭으로 무게변화가 없어질 때까지 매 30초 간격마다 무게감소를 측정하였다 본 실험에서 사용된 마그카본계 시편의 산화거동과 관련한 유효확산 계수는 1.39${\times}$$10^{-4}$ $m^2$/sec이다. 이러한 실험조건에서 총체적인 산화공정은 산화된 기공층을 통하여 내부로 향하는 산소의 확산에 의해 지배되는 반응으로 해석할 수 있다. TiC를 첨가한 시편은 마그카본계 내화물의 산화 저항성을 증대시켰다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 나노결정립의 $Mg_2Si$ 열전화합물을 제조하기 위하여 기계적 합금화(MA)를 적용하였다. 단상의 초미세 $Mg_2Si$ 열전화합물을 얻기 위하여 최적 볼밀조건 및 열처리 조건을 X선 회절분석과 시차주사 열량분석을 이용하여 조사하였다. $Mg_{66.7}Si_{33.3}$ 혼합분말을 $20{\sim}180$시간까지 볼밀 처리한 경우 모든 시료에서 $220^{\circ}C$ 및 $570^{\circ}C$ 근방에 broad한 발열 반응이 관찰되었다. 한편 $Mg_{66.7}Si_{33.3}$ 혼합분말을 260시간 동안 볼밀 처리한 경우 $230^{\circ}C$에 예리한 발열피크를 보였다. 단상의 $Mg_2Si$ 화합물은 $Mg_{66.7}Si_{33.3}$ 혼합분말을 60시간 동안 MA처리 후 $620^{\circ}C$까지 열처리함으로써 얻을 수 있었다. MA분말시료의 치밀화는 50MPa, $800{\sim}900^{\circ}C$에서 흑연다이를 사용하여 SPS 소결을 실시하였다. Mg-Si계 MA 분말시료의 SPS 소결시 수축은 $200^{\circ}C$ 근방에서 현저하게 관찰되었다. SPS법으로 고화된 성형체의 밀도측정 결과, 모든 시료에서 이론밀도의 94% 이상 금속광택을 나타내는 치밀한 소결체임을 알 수 있었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2006

마그네슘은 자동차 엔진 경량화재료 및 휴대폰과 노트북 PC케이스 등 기능성 경량재료로서의 용도개발과 함께 수요가 증가하고 있다. 마그네슘 제련법은 원료광의 특성에 따라 달라지는데 크게 용융염전해법과 열환원법 두가지로 구분할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 염화마그네슘을 사용하여 용융염전해법에 의해 전해 마그네슘을 얻고자 하였다. 흑연양극의 침지깊이를 일정하게 하고 전해전압 7V로 두가지 조성의 염욕을 비교 실험하였다. $760^{\circ}C$에서 전해 실험한 결과 $KCl/NaCl/MgCl_2$ 혼합염욕이 $KCl/NaCl/CaCl_2/CaF_2/MgCl_2$ 혼합염욕보다 전류효율 면에서 더 효과적이었다. 회수된 전해 마그네슘의 순도는 98% 이상이었다. 본 연구를 통하여 용융염 전해장치를 Scale-up 하거나 상용화시 장치설계 등에 필요한 기초자료들을 축적할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2016

Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) has recently been studied to improve the efficiency of a traditional anaerobic digestion (AD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of MET in the system when MET was combined with traditional AD (i.e., AD-MET). Electrodes used in the MET were Cu coated graphite electrodes. They were supplied with a voltage of 0.3 V. AD started to generate methane in 80 days. But AD-MET started to generate methane from the initial operation after the system started. It was observed that AD-MET reached steady state faster and produced higher methane yield than AD. During the steady state, the average daily methane productions in AD and AD-MET were 2.3L/d and 4.9L/d, respectively. Methane yields were 0.07-CH₄/g‧CODre in AD and 0.25L-CH₄/g‧CODre in AD-MET. In AD-MET, the production rates of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were 0.12 mg TVFAs/mg VS‧d and 0.35 mg SCOD/mg VS‧d, respectively. They were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in AD. However, the concentrations of residual TVFAs in both systems were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from each other, confirming that methane conversion in AD-MET was greater than that in AD.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1765-1773
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• 2013

The cathode reaction is one of the most seriously limiting factors in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The critical dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of a platinum-loaded graphite electrode was reported as 2.2 mg/l, about 10-fold higher than an aerobic bacterium. A series of MFCs were run with the cathode compartment inoculated with activated sludge (biotic) or not (abiotic) on platinum-loaded or bare graphite electrodes. At the beginning of the operation, the current values from MFCs with a biocathode and abiotic cathode were $2.3{\pm}0.1$ and $2.6{\pm}0.2mA$, respectively, at the air-saturated water supply in the cathode. The current from MFCs with an abiotic cathode did not change, but that of MFCs with a biotic cathode increased to 3.0 mA after 8 weeks. The coulomb efficiency was 59.6% in the MFCs with a biotic cathode, much higher than the value of 15.6% of the abiotic cathode. When the DO supply was reduced, the current from MFCs with an abiotic cathode decreased more sharply than in those with a biotic cathode. When the respiratory inhibitor azide was added to the catholyte, the current decreased in MFCs with a biotic cathode but did not change in MFCs with an abiotic cathode. The power density was higher in MFCs with a biotic cathode ($430W/m^3$ cathode compartment) than the abiotic cathode MFC ($257W/m^3$ cathode compartment). Electron microscopic observation revealed nanowire structures in biofilms that developed on both the anode and on the biocathode. These results show that an electron-consuming bacterial consortium can be used as a cathode catalyst to improve the cathode reaction.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.502-507
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• 2011

A voltammetric assay of phenol ions was investigated using three electrode systems of graphite pencil working, reference and counter electrodes. Under optimum analytical parameters, square wave stripping working ranges were attained at a mili range of 10~80 mg/L and a micro range of 20~90 ug/L using seawater electrolyte. The developed sensor was applied to tap water and the human body system of a smoker. It was found that the methods can be applied to in vivo fluid or medicinal diagnosis.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.531-540
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• 1991

In this study, high quality machinable ceramics was prepared from the K2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-F glass system using domestic pyrophyllite. The mixture of pyrophyllite and additives was melted at 1450$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour and formed in a graphite mold. The base glass was heat-treated at 600$^{\circ}C$ to 1200$^{\circ}C$ with interval of 50$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours identified by XRD. Crystalline phase were confirmed by XRD and their microstructure was observed by SEM. The glass ceramics which was prepared by heat treatment of base glass at 1150$^{\circ}C$ for short time has good physical, mechanical, thermal, chemical properties and machinability.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2012

Trace uranium detection measurement was performed using DNA immobilized on a graphite pencil electrode(DGE). The developed probe was connected to the portable handheld voltammetric systems used for seawater analysis. The sensitive voltammogram was obtained within only 30 s accumulation time, and the anodic stripping working range was attained at 100~800 ${\mu}g/l$ U and 10~50 ${\mu}g/l$. The statistic relative standard deviation of 30.0 mg/l with the $15^{th}$ stripping was 0.2115. Here, toxicological and analytical application was performed in the seawater survey in a contaminated power plant controlling water. The results were found to be applicable for real-time toxicological assay for trace control.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1985

$eta$-Sialon powders were prepared by reduction-nitridation from mixture of Wando pyrophyllite and graphite as a reducing agent at 135$0^{\circ}C$ in 80% $N_2$-20% $H_2$ atmosphere. As the reaction products $Si_2ON_2$, $\beta$-$Si_3N_4$ a--$Si_3N_4$ and $\beta$-SiC were observed. Additive agents of MgO, CaO, $Y_2O_3$ were used for promoting the reduction and nitridiation aeaction. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of silica-carbon ratio ($SiO_2$/C=weight ratio), raction time gas flow rate pellet size and powder packing on synthesis of $\beta$-Sialon from Wando pyropyllite.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1991

The evaporation characteristics of Ag, Al, Au, Cr. Cu, In, Mg, Mn, Pb, Pd, Si, SiO, Sn, Ti and Zn with the various resistive heating sources have been studied. The employed sources are refractory metal (Mo, Ta and W) boats, W-wire, ceramic (usually Al2O3)-coated and -barriered refractory metal boats, and special boats such as baffled boats and intermetallic boats (nitride compound and graphite). We investigated the melting mode, evaporation rate at a specific power, and lifetime of the sources. A special boat holder is also discussed which is needed to cool the sources at a large heat capacity.