• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2024

This study examined the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of sword bean tea available in domestic markets. Each product of sword bean tea had distinct appearance characteristics. The color, pH, brownness, and turbidity of the tea varied significantly across different products, with tea bags showing higher levels of brownness and turbidity. The total polyphenol content of hot water extraction ranged from 165.13 to 517.69 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g sample for pod tea, 999.36 to 2,054.74 mg GAE/100 g sample for tea bag tea, and 74.62 to 275.00 mg GAE/100 g sample for grain tea, respectively. Similarly, the total flavonoid content, measured in terms of catechin equivalents (CE), ranged from 39.51 to 65.00 mg CE/100 g sample for pod tea, 86.57 to 253.63 mg CE/100 g sample for tea bag tea, and 32.94 to 38.63 mg CE/100 g sample for grain tea, for hot water extraction. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of pod tea were 95.68 to 276.19 mg TE/100 g sample and 270.87 to 804.21 mg trolox equivalents/100 g sample, respectively, for hot water extraction. These results suggest the need to establish quality standards to ensure consistent quality of sword bean tea.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.525-529
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• 1990

Plant cell cultures of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were performed in stirred tank and packed-bed reactors with in situ extraction by n-hexadecane. The specific shikonin production and volumetric shikonin productivity of stirred tank reactor reached 1.5 mg shikoninlg cell and 400$\mu g$ shikonin/(L.day), respectively. In packed-bed reactor with calcium alginate-immobilized cells specific shikonin production and volumetric productivity reached 2.0 mg shikoninlg cell and 2857$\mu g$ shikonin/(L.day), which were 1.3 and 7.1 times higher than those of stirred tank reactor, respectively. The higher shikonin production and productivity of packed-bed reactor seemed to be due to high cell loading capacity of calcium alginate immobilized cells in packed-bed reactor and improved cell-cell contact.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

This study compared the content change of physiological active substances according to the extraction condition when we generally drink the extractive of Schisandra fruit with using water. Physiological active substances of the Schisandra fruit, schizandrin, gomisin A and gomisin N were analysed with HPLC. The results of extracting 1 dose of the Schisandra fruit tea, which is some as 1 g of Schisandra fruit, in 100 mL of water by differing the extraction type, extraction temperature and extraction time were of the followings. The total content of schizandrin, gomisin A and gomisin N of powder type in $26^{\circ}C$ leaching was the highest (p < 0.05) as the leaching content of 24 hours (5.54 mg/g) showed difference with different times and the contents of raw type Schisandra fruit were less than 0.1 mg/g in all of extraction time. The contents of powder type Schisandra fruit in $60^{\circ}C$ heating extraction was over 4.50 mg/g except for the 5 minute (2.94 mg/g), and the contents of raw Schisandra fruit were less than 0.3 mg/g. In case of $100^{\circ}C$ heating extraction, the contents of powder type Schisandra fruit showed over 5.10 mg/g in every time zone, and the raw type Schisandra fruit was less than 1.0 mg/g.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

We investigated a method to improve antioxidant activities of colored potato extracts by ultra high pressure extraction process. The colored potato was extracted by water at $60^{\circ}C$(WE) and 300 MPa for 15 min (High Pressure Extraction, $HPE_{15}$) and 30 min (High Pressure Extraction, $HPE_{30}$). The extractions yielded by different extraction processes were 1.73(WE), 2.10($HPE_{15}$), and 2.41($HPE_{30}$)%. Total phenolic acid contents of different extraction processes were estimated as 48.21(WE), 50.20($HPE_{15}$) and 51.34($HPE_{30}$) GAL mg/g, respectively. The flavonoids contents of different extraction processes were measured as 13.12(WE), 14.35($HPE_{15}$) and 15.17($HPE_{30}$) RE mg/g, respectively. Generally, for the contents of phenolic acid and flavonoids, the samples from HPE were higher than those from conventional extraction process. $HPE_{30}$ showed 76.21% of DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) in 1,000 ug/mL. The reducing power of $HPE_{30}$ also showed the high activity as 0.42. In generally, antioxidant activities of colored potato were increased by high pressure extraction process. We could tell that the HPE extracts of colored potato had a higher antioxidant activity than those from conventional water extraction. The results of HPE showed obvious advantages in higher efficiency, shorter extraction time.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.831-836
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• 2009

The aims of this investigation was to examine the anti-obesity effects of oral administration with Mulberry leaves extraction in the high-fat diet induced obesity rats. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of the extract from Mulberry leaves on the progress of high fat diet for 8 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal dieat; n=10), control group (high fat diet; n=10), I (Mulberry leaves extraction 100 mg/kg oral administration induced obesity; n=10), II (Mulberry leaves extraction 300 mg/kg oral administration; n=10), and III (Mulberry leaves extraction 500 mg/kg oral administration; n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, epididymal fat weight, blood lipid profiles, and fat histological findings. Body weights were significantly increase in control group than normal groups(p<0.05). The level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). In histopathologic finding of fat-tissue around testicle experimental group I and II were more decreased than high fat diet-induced control group in fat cell size. These results suggested that the Mulberry leaves extraction oral administration made the increase of anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet induced obesity rats.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

Malachite green (MG), a triphenylmethane dye, is carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, a respiratory toxin, and causes chromosomal fractures. It is not permitted for use as an aquaculture veterinary drug in a number of countries. Sensitive extraction methods for MG and leucomalachite green (LMG), which have long residence times in fish tissues, were developed. For LMG, the average recovery of liquid extraction (LE) ranged from 41.71 (yellowtail) to 71.60% (snakehead); the recovery of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was between 67.68 (yellowtail) and 83.68% (snakehead); and the average recovery of solid-phase extraction (SPE) ranged from 84.16 (yellowtail) to 92.92% (shrimp). The recovery of MG was less than 30% with SPE. However, the dye is found primarily as the colorless reduced leuco form in fish tissues.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.527-534
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• 2021

The demand for sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from food matrices has been increasing. Water extraction of anthocyanins in aronia was investigated using conventional and ultrasonic-assisted methods. The optimum extraction conditions for the conventional method included a sample-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL, extraction temperature 71℃, and extraction time of 39 min. The optimized conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction were a sample-to-water ratio of 1:40 g/mL, extraction temperature 80℃, extraction time of 20 min, and an amplitude of 87.2 ㎛. The anthocyanin contents of the two extracts were 155.32 and 158.02 mg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The major anthocyanins were cyanidin 3-galactoside (65% of the total) and cyanidin 3-arabinoside (30% of the total). The contents of individual anthocyanins and phenolic acids were not significantly different between the two optimized extracts.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2010

In an effort to develop novel mushroom-derived anti-obesity nutraceuticals, water and ethanol extracts containing the lipaseinhibitory compound from Phellinus linteus were prepared, and their nutritional components were determined. The optimal conditions for the extraction of P. linteus lipase inhibitor involved the treatment of the fruiting bodies with distilled water at $80^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr and 80% ethanol at $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 hr, respectively. The distilled water extract and ethanol extract contained 10.9% and 6.11% of crude protein, and 0.96% and 15.86% of crude fat, respectively. Additionally, the distilled water extract contained a large quantity of minerals, including 239.5 mg of K, 39.3 mg of Mg, and 39.3 mg of Na. The free amino acid content of the distilled water extracts was also higher than that of the ethanol extracts, and in particular, the distilled water extracts contained 5,139 mg of asparagine, 3,891 mg of tryptophan, 2,598 mg of alanine, and 2,066 mg of serine in 100 g of the distilled water extracts. 100 g of the distilled water and ethanol extracts were found to contain 12.31 g and 8.16 g of malic acid, respectively.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.542-547
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• 2017

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has attracted growing interest, as it is an effective method for the rapid extraction of bioactive compounds from plants with a high extraction efficiency comparable to the conventional extraction. In this study, UAE was used for the extraction of polyphenols from lipid extracted microalgae (Tetraselmis KCTC 12236BP) and the effects of five extraction variables on the total phenolic compounds (TPC) were studied. For the optimization of extraction parameters, particle size, solid-to-liquid (L/S) ratio, ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time have been examined as independent variables. All variables exhibited the significant effects on the extraction of TPC and extraction temperature showed the most significant effect among five variables. The optimal extraction conditions were the extraction using mixed particle, S/L ratio of 10%, ethanol concentration of 60%, extraction temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ and extraction time of 30 min, which gave the 8.7 mg GAE/g DW for TPC. Compared with conventional hot-water extraction, TPC extraction under UAE was increased by up to 1.8 fold with same extraction condition. This study showed that UAE under low temperature and short extraction time was proven to be an effective extraction process for TPC production from LEA compared to conventional hot-water extraction process.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.281-289
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• 2010

We determined the optimum ethanolic conditions for extraction of $\gamma$-oryzanol and other functional components from rice bran, using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design was used to investigate the effects of the independent variables of solvent ratio ($X_1$), extraction temperature ($X_2$), and extraction time ($X_3$), on dependent variables including yield ($Y_1$), total phenolic content ($Y_2$), electron-donating activity ($Y_3$), ferulic acid level ($Y_4$), and $\gamma$-oryzanol concentration ($Y_5$). Solvent ratio and extraction temperature were the most important factors in extraction. The maximum yield was at 22.56 mL/g ($X_1$), 78.19C ($X_2$), and 522.15 min ($X_3$), at the saddle point. Total phenolic levels were little affected by solvent ratio or extraction temperature. The maximum concentration of extracted total phenolics was 90.78mg GAE/100 g at 21.26 mL/g, $94.65^{\circ}C$, and 567.97 min. A maximum electron-donating ability of 54.72% was obtained with the parameters 20.20 mL/g,$81.89^{\circ}C$, and 701.87 min, at the highest point. The maximum level of ferulic acid components was 210.47 mg/100g at 5.22 mL/g, $79.66^{\circ}C$, and 575.24 min. In addition, the maximum $\gamma$-oryzanol concentration was 660.39 mg/100g at 5.10 mL/g, $81.83^{\circ}C$, and 587.39 min. The optimum extraction conditions were a solvent ratio of 10.45 mL/g, $80^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, and 535 min extraction time. Predicted extraction levels under optimized conditions were in line with experimental values.