• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.257-267
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• 2016

The research subject is 8 mothers who put their physical/mentally impaired children in a group home, as the research method, this study conducted an in-depth interview survey. The participants of this study collected data from the in-depth interview on 8 mothers who put their disabled children to the group home. In the result of open coding, total 34 concepts, 28 subcategories and 13 categories were derived. The core category in the selective coding was 'establishing restorative relationship through entering a group home after encountering the limit of nurture.' Practical Strategies include the following; first, it's necessary to provide psychology counselling consequent on a mother's nurturing phase, and this study proposes a program for a father having a child with disability; in addition, there is the necessity of having to arrange the differentiated facility for physically/mentally impaired people, which meets the needs of the relevant people. At a level of policy, this study suggested the necessity of having to take into account the minimization of poverty problem facing a family having a disable child through the caring card, necessity of the use of good-natured card, and medical-social-welfare-based intervention, expansion of facility-touring class installation, and use of adult guardianship system, and differential payment of disabled child nurturing allowance consequent on income quantile, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.139-150
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• 1998

Due to development of science and telecommunication with wide-spread computer supply, it could be done through computer automatically instead of manpower-work for paper transportation & paper approval. It is developed to so-called Factory Automation. Further, it is developed to Office Automation. Trading companies & concerned trade authorities are interested in Trade Automation that such technique is applied to trade work. Generally, Trade Automation means to realize paperless trade by exchanging electronic papers through inter-computers after concerned trade operators transformed various papers to electronic papers that computer could read. In case Trade Automation fix in the trade business, it is expected one of innovations among traditional paper work of trade business, namely without going import-export authorities, Customs office, Banks. Shipping companies, Marine insurance companies on hand-carrying papers, it could be fast, simple, correct to finish every trade procedures such as commercial business, foreign currency, customs clearance, transportations, insurance. terms of payment, etc., with Electronic Data Interchange through computer facilities. Especially, telecommunication for trade form could be helpful to proceed trade paper with one-run-method Further we can anticipate 6 effects for Trade Automation as belows : First, as explained just above articles, with completion for Trade Automation, every trade procedures can be done by computer. so, time to work can be diminished. namely. logistics cost including accessory costs for trade procedures can be saved much. Second, viewing to private enterprise, effect of Office Automation can be maximized and rapid, correct exchange for various trade informations could raise efficiency of enterprise management establishing rational production, storage, transportation and could raise competition improving standard for consumers's service. Third, establishing Trade Automation systems makes it easier piling-up of harbor cargo by pre-transmission of electronic paper & trade informations make it possible to finish customs clearance in advance and can be dispatched upon cargo arrival. Fourth, most of concerned trade authorities such as import-export approval office. financial authorities, transport & insurance companies concentrated in Metropolitan area(Seoul, In -Cheon, Kyung-Ki). Therefore, in case Trade Automation could be realized. it is possible to proceed trade business instantly in every country area by computer facilities. Also. it contribute well-balanced development for suburb. region area by suburb dispersion of trading companies. Fifth, on the way to Trade Automation establishment & its enlargement process. producing enormous demand for over-all telecommunication such as hardware. software. network makes opportunity to progress telecommunication industry & concerned industries. Finally. Trade Automation accelerate change of employment structure leading unnecessary labors on the industries of office & logistics to manufacturing area.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.2 s.259
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of malpractice claims related to hemopneumothorax and to identify the causes and potential preventability of such claims. Material and Method: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the records in the Lawnb website and Lx CD-rom: the records on closed malpractice claims involving hemopneumothorax were abstracted from the files available for analysis. The records were reviewed and were analysed to determine the etiology of hemopneumothorax, patient age, results of lawsuit and indemnity payment, underlying diseases, cause of death or complications, and the factors associated with a successful defense. Result: Seven closed claim involving hemopneumothorax were founded in the data for malpractice. Three claims were supreme court decision, one was a high court decision and three claims were district court decision. The most common cause of death was tension pneumothorax. Four of which resulted in indemnity payments. Conclusion: While malpractice claims involving hemopneumothorax were uncommon, they resulted in a high rate and amount of indemnity payments. Claims are more common in pediatric patients. In case of iatrogenic hemopneumothorax, post-procedural X-ray can improve patient outcome and is also associated with decreased indemnity risks. Informed consent is also important.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 1999

Consumer surplus is to be a value concerning a time horizon. Especially it is very important how long time horizon would be chosen in contingent market. This study aimed to provide causes of difference recreation benefits through discount rate in many aspects. The data were collected by personal interviews with visitors in Songnisan National Park. The respondents answered yes or no, dichotomous choice, on recreation benefits according to a chosen time horizon, one year or five years. The probit model was used in the analysis. In order to avoid the truncation bias of upper bound, the median was chosen as the recreation benefits of visitor. As the result, the value was evaluated to be 16,569 Won for one year and 27,111 Won for five years. The discount rate is estimated 153% annually to coincide different recreation benefits. The reasons of the high discount rate were to be interpreted as following five types : (1)uncertainty of future consumption (2)increasing of probability of the substitution owing to increasing of time horizon (3)recognization of different time horizons (4) effect by the price ratio of goods and utility function (5) overestimation of the recreation benefits owing to a basic premium of payment vehicle.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

The Dutch treat culture, which pays for the cost of having meetings with a large number of people, is located in the daily life of many modern people. In particular, the execution of Kim Young-ran is a more active Dutch treat. However, when going dutch, there is a case where the amount of money to be paid per person is not divided equitably and there is an ambiguous situation about who should pay more. Also if one person have to pay all of the payments because of the different payment method such as a cash or card, there is inconvenience to keep a record of the financial relationship each time. In this paper, we introduce an application that allows several people to easily calculate the amount of money to pay per person when eating together or calculating something. From our service, you can easily access with web-based service, manage the user's debts more conveniently through forming the group. In addition, we focused on convenient calculation of cost by setting remaining unit and reserve function which is a function to overcome the disadvantages of existing application. Also, we maintain fairness through games in situations where the users need to make a choice.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.21-40
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• 2006

Small and middle sized Franchise system channels experience conflicts because of constant interaction between franchiser and franchisee. However, it is rarely that attempt has been made to identify causes of conflicts in distribution of franchise industry. The purpose of this study was to explore cause of conflicts from the franchisee. For the study, data were collected from the owner or the shop-manager with a contractor in franchise systems. By means of in-depth interviews with multiple informants, their statement was analyzed qualitatively. From analysis of the resulting data, the causes of conflicts were associated with two broad sets, attitudinal and structural differences between franchisers and franchisees. First, attitudinal sources of conflict were identified as perception of subordinated relationships between channel members, delayed announcement on order changes, difficulties in communication by doing irresponsible behavior, different expectations between channel members in market territory and lack of consistent-supporting. Second, structural sources of conflict involved unilateral decision on interior, payment method, unreasonable delivery issue, treat franchisee with discrimination by the sales, in controlling against free management. There are limitations on generalization due to the results based on interview, but this study will be a useful exploratory step before designing a large scale survey.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-69
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• 1990

The measures taken to reform the Dutch health insurance system hold valuable lessons for countries such as Korea, where there has been increased concern regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the health services provided. The growing literature on comparative health insurance policies suggests that nations can learn from each other. In addition, Korean policymakers have shown great interest in the health insurance systems of foreign countries, particularly in Japan. The development of Korea's health insurance scheme during the past 12 years has made a significant contribution to the increased accessibility of health care services. Although the insurance coverage is universal, the health insurance system today in Korea is by no means a product of systematic and planned efforts. Moreover, it lacks due considerations of insured's needs as well as the long-term objectives of the social security health care system. There are growing gaps in premium burdens and benefits between the rural health insurance program and the employee's health insurance programs. Furthermore, the regional health insurance program is experiencing financial difficulties in spite of the fact that the amount of the government subsidy has been sharply increased in recent years. Under the present payment method solely based on the fee-for-service schedule, both consumers and providers are encouraged to utilize and prescribe more services. The combination of the utilization-inducing reimbursement system and continuous pushes for expanding health insurance has played a crucial role in raising the country's medical bills. Current trends in Korea's health care sector and those anticipated in the near future necessitate changes in the structure and funding of health care. As indicated in the above, there are various shortcomings in this context, the health policy authority in Korea can draw valuable lessons from the Dutch experiences in reforming their health insurance system. The main elements of the Dutch reform measures are a restructuring of the insurance system and a greater role for market forces in the health care system. On this basis a new system will be created which reflects the social nature of health care while at the same time containing sufficient mechanisms to allow the health care sector to operate in a cost-effective and efficient manner.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

While the expansion of protected areas in accordance with Korea's National Biodiversity Strategy contributions to the conservation of biological diversity, it incurs economic losses and poses threats to the livelihoods of local residents. Payment for ecosystem services (PES) compensates local residents for their economic damages in a sustainable manner. To assess feasibility of PES, there is a need to estimate the general public's benefits from biodiversity conservation in protected areas. This study attempted to estimate visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation in Mt. Jiri using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The WTP of respondents for the expansion of protected areas to increase biodiversity conservation was estimated at 16,103 KRW per household per year and this equates to a total of 316.8 billion KRW for all the households in Korea. The higher a respondent's age, education level and household income level, the more willing he or she is to pay for biodiversity conservation. Likewise, respondents who are aware of Mt. Jiri's designation as an Ecosystem and Landscape Conservation Area are more willing to pay for biodiversity conservation. Moreover, the higher the importance placed on biodiversity conservation policy, the higher the willingness to pay for biodiversity conservation. To enhance the feasibility of PES schemes, it is necessary to improve the general public's knowledge and awareness of biodiversity by providing opportunities for education and more information on biodiversity and biodiversity policies.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

CM at Risk has been introduced in Korea to keep up with the global standards of construction management and provide a higher quality of cm service in line with a rapid change of the construction industry recently. However, it is widely considered that more time would required to settle down the system due to a lack of understanding towards CM at Risk, shortage of reliability and low capability to manage and undertake CM at Risk. Therefore, this research is analyzed problems of contract types, open book policies, and contract conditions of 33 numbers of projects undertaken by a bespoke domestic construction management firm in this research. Moreover, this research is suggested a method to establish an open book policy of CM at Risk aiming a better customers satisfaction through staff training, simplifying and improving a payment system, and a way to settle down an open book policy by improving a performance management system on site. It's expected that this research will contribute to a more competitive system with more dominating the market and a differentiation of the service so as clients to rely more on the CM at Risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.2 no.1 s.4
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

The cut river is widely used for the agricultural and housing purposes in Korea and this study is to evaluate the economic value of the cut river. Say, the study is to evaluate and compare the economic values for the cases of which the cut river can be used as the agricultural or housing site and a wetland or recreational site. The study area is the downstream part of Kok-Neung stream which is a main tributary of Han River. For the case of assuming the cut river is used as the agricultural purpose, the value is estimated from the Agricultural & Forestry Statistical Yearbook 2000. For the case of assuming the cut river is used as a wetland or recreational site, the value for a wetland or recreation is estimated by the enquete using questionnaire. That is to say, the results of enquete is used for the estimation of a recreational value by the Travel Cost Method (TCM) and the aesthetical value is estimated by the enquete based on the presumed value in USA. As a results, for the case of which the cut river is used as an agricultural purpose, the equal-payment-series is estimated as 7.06 million won. For wetland purpose, the series is estimated as 1931.40 million won and for the recreational purpose, the series is as 6284.86 million won. The aesthetical value is estimated as 140 thousand won per annum. Therefore, the wetland or recreational use of the cut river is more valuable than agricultural or housing purpose.