• 정신신체의학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2020

연구목적 클로자핀은 뇌심혈관 질환의 발생가능성을 높이는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 혈소판의 활성화 정도는 뇌심혈관 질환의 발생과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되어왔다. 저자들은 이전 연구에서 단기간의 클로자핀 투여 후 혈소판 활성도가 증가함을 관찰하였다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 후속 연구로 클로자핀을 1년의 기간 동안 장기간 지속 투여하였을 때, 혈소판 활성도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 시행하였다. 방 법 조현병 혹은 조현정동장애의 치료를 위해 최소 1년의 기간 동안 지속적으로 클로자핀을 투여 받은 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 혈소판의 활성도는 평균혈소판요소 값을 이용하여 측정하였다. 결 과 총 24명의 환자를 대상으로 하였고, 연구 대상자 중 남성은 9명(37.5%), 여성은 15명(62.5%) 였다. 윌콕슨부호-순위검정에서 초기 및 1년 경과 시점에서의 평균혈소판요소 값 사이의 유의한 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 1년간의 지속적인 클로자핀 투여에도 평균혈소판요소의 유의한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 단기간의 클로자핀 투여 시 평균혈소판요소 값에 현저한 저하를 관찰하였던 저자들의 이전의 연구 결과를 함께 고려해 볼 때, 본 연구의 결과는 클로자핀 투여 기간에 따라 혈소판의 활성도가 변화할 가능성을 시사한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 상업용 곶감의 꽃받침과 종자를 이용하여 대사체 수준에서의 원산지와 품종 식별 체계를 확립하였다. 실험에 이용된 곶감 시료는 국내산 곶감 함안수시(Hamansusi), 예천고종시(Yecheongojongsi), 산청단성시(Sancheongdanseongsi), 그리고 논산월하시(Nonsanwalhasi) 4개 품종과 국내에서 판매되고 있는 중국산 곶감 2개 종류의 꽃받침과 종자를 사용하였으며, 꽃받침과 종자 시료의 전세포 추출물로부터 FT-IR 스펙트럼 데이터를 기반으로 다변량 통계분석(PCA, PLS-DA)을 실시하였다. 이 결과 국내산 곶감 4품종과 중국산 곶감 2종류가 두 그룹으로 확연히 나뉘어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 상업용 곶감의 꽃받침을 PLS regression을 실시한 결과 국내산과 중국산 곶감을 100% 예측할 수 있었다. 또한 곶감 종자를 이용하여 품종 식별한 결과 각 4개의 그룹으로 나뉘어지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, PLS regression을 실시한 결과 약 86%의 정확도로 품종 식별이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. FT-IR 스펙트럼 분석의 간편성과 신속성을 고려할 때, 본 연구 결과는 상업용 곶감에 대한 원산지나 품종 식별의 신속한 수단으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 더 나아가 본 기술을 이용하여 다른 농산물의 원산지 또는 품종 식별 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the differences in ovarian transcriptomes in Shan Ma ducks between their peak and late stages of egg production, and to obtain new transcriptomic data of these egg-producing ducks. Methods: The Illumina HiSeq 2000 system was used for high throughput sequencing of ovarian transcriptomes from Shan Ma ducks at their peak or late stages of egg production. Results: Greater than 93% of the sequencing data had a base quality score (Q score) that was not less than 20 (Q20). From ducks at their peak stage of egg production, 42,782,676 reads were obtained, with 4,307,499,083 bp sequenced. From ducks at their late stage of egg production, 45,316,166 reads were obtained, with 4,562,063,363 bp sequenced. A comparison of the two datasets identified 2,002 differentially expressed genes, with 790 upregulated and 1,212 downregulated. Further analysis showed that 1,645 of the 2,002 differentially expressed genes were annotated in the non-redundant (NR) database, with 646 upregulated and 999 downregulated. Among the differentially expressed genes with annotations in the NR database, 696 genes were functionally annotated in the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins database, involving 25 functional categories. One thousand two hundred four of the differentially expressed genes with annotations in the NR database were functionally annotated in the gene ontology (GO) database, and could be divided into three domains and 56 categories. The three domains were cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. Among the genes identified in the GO database, 451 are involved in development and reproduction. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes with annotations in the NR database against the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database revealed that 446 of the genes could be assigned to 175 metabolic pathways, of which the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fructose and mannose metabolic pathways, gonadotropin releasing hormone signaling pathway and transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Conclusion: The differences in ovarian transcriptomes in Shan Ma ducks between their peak and late stages of egg production were elucidated, which greatly enriched the ovarian transcriptomic information of egg-producing ducks.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.432-439
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• 2020

이 연구는 급여하는 조사료와 농후사료 비율을 달리하였을 때, 우분 내 대사체 비교를 핵자기공명장치로 확인하기 위해 실시되었다. 착유중인 젖소 6마리를 두 그룹으로 나누어 조사료와 농후사료 급여 비율(HR 그룹=8:2, HC 그룹=2:8)을 달리 하였다. 우분은 직장을 통해 마리별 1회 채취 하였으며 대사체 분석은 SPE-800 MHz NMR-MS system을 이용하였다. 대사체의 정성 및 정량은 Chenomx NMR suite 8.4을 이용하였으며, 확인된 대사체들을 Metaboanalyst 4.0을 이용하여 다변량 분석, 대사경로 분석을 진행하였다. 통계분석은 SAS program을 이용하여 Dunnett's test로 그룹 간 대사체 평균값을 비교 하였다. 분석 결과, 다변량 분석에서는 그룹간의 분리가 확인 되었으며 확인된 대사체 중 통계분석에는 77개의 대사체가 이용되었다. HC 그룹에서 유의적으로 높았던 대사체는 succinate를 포함한 dimethylamine, histamine, homovanillate, thymol, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, valerate, imidazole, N-Nitrosodimethylamine 그리고 O-Acetylcholine 이다. HC 그룹에서 분석된 대사체들의 평균 농도가 HR 그룹에 비해 높았으며, 분석된 대사경로 또한 HR 그룹에 비해 다양했다. 연구결과, 핵자기공명분광장치를 통해 분석한 우분 내 대사체는 장내 미생물 뿐 만 아니라 체내 대사 그리고 향후 축산 관련 다양한 연구에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

수면현상은 인간의 삶의 1/3을 차지하는 중요한 생리적 현상으로 인간의 수면은 신체의 기능을 유지하기 위한 중요한 생리적 기능뿐 아니라 수면을 통한 휴식을 통하여 신체 건강을 유지하고 성장을 유지하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 최근의 급격한 산업화와 정보화로 인하여 급격한 사회 생활구조의 변화를 유발하여 성인뿐 아니라 소아에서도 평균수면 시간의 감소와 다양한 스트레스 환경으로 인한 수면의 질적 저하로 인한 다양한 수면 문제가 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 단순히 수면 부족 또는 수면의 질적 저하뿐 아니라 수면 장애, 특히 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증은 심혈관 질환뿐 아니라 비만, 대사증후군, 심혈관 질환, 뇌혈관 질환 등 의 다양한 만성 질병의 발생과 깊은 연관성이 있는 것으로 보고하고 있다. 특히 이러한 만성질환을 유발하는 핵심기전으로 염증 반응이 관여하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 따라서 수면 현상과 다양한 수면 장애에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 비록 수면 무호흡증으로 인한 이러한 질병의 이환에 대한 기전은 다양한 요인이 복합적으로 작용하는 것으로 알려져 있지만 핵심 기전으로 알려진 염증반응의 활성화가 병태 생리학적으로 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추측하고 있다. 따라서 최근 수면 무호흡증을 낮은 수준의 만성 염증 질환으로 인식되고 있으며, 더불어 비만과 수면무호흡증으로 인한 연관된 질병의 이환을 더욱 증가시키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 종설에는 수면의 질적 또는 양적 저하뿐 아니라 폐쇄성 수면 무호흡증으로 인한 염증성 반응의 활성화가 인간의 신체 면역 과정 미치는 영향을 중심으로 최근의 연구 결과 및 수면 무호흡증과 비만의 잠재적 상호작용에 대하여 서술하고자 한다

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.465-482
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• 2021

Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권sup권
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• pp.3-8
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• 2007

Sugars are a ubiquitous component of our food supply and are consumed as a naturally occurring component of many foods and as additions to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table. Most fruits and dairy products are high in sugars and thus naturally occurring sugars are consumed as part of a healthy diet. Some countries developed recommended daily intake figures(daily values : DVs or guideline daily amounts: GDA) for nutrients, and some countries, but not most have developed DV/GDA for total sugars. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans established by the Korean Nutrition Society in 2005, did not include the reference values for total sugar or added sugar. The committee on Dietary Reference Intakes for sugar was constituted in 2006 and discussed whether to special added sugars or total sugar. Although added sugars are not chemically or physiologically different from naturally occurring sugars, many foods and beverages that are major sources of added sugars have lower micronutrient densities compared with foods and beverages that are major sources of naturally occuring sugars. But it was so hard to calculate a dietary intake of added sugar for Korean people, because there was insufficient information about contents of added sugar during processing or preparation of Korean food. Currently Korean or US food labels contain information on total sugars per serving but do not distinguish between sugars naturally present in food and added sugars. Therefore the committee decided to set the reference value for total sugar for Koreans. According to the recommended diet pattern for Koreans suggested by the Korean Nutrition Society, estimated sugar intake from the sugar containing food based on 2,000 kilocalories is 67 g or 13% of total energy. Based on the data available on risk of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome from the analysis of Korean NHANES, it was insufficient evidence to set a UL for total sugar, but tended to increase serum LDL cholesterol and obesity at over 20-25% of energy from total sugar when consumed with high carbohydrates. Therefore the committee on Dietary Reference Intakes for sugar set the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total sugar as 10-20% of total energy intake.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2014

The ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms has been used in various ways as a signaling molecule or a significant component generating metabolic energy under conditions of nutrient limitation or stress, through GABA catabolism. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) catalyzes the oxidation of succinic semialdehyde to succinic acid in the final step of GABA catabolism. Here, we report the catalytic properties and two crystal structures of SSADH from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpSSADH) regarding its cofactor preference. Kinetic analysis showed that SpSSADH prefers $NADP^+$ over $NAD^+$ as a hydride acceptor. Moreover, the structures of SpSSADH were determined in an apo-form and in a binary complex with $NADP^+$ at $1.6{\AA}$ and $2.1{\AA}$ resolutions, respectively. Both structures of SpSSADH showed dimeric conformation, containing a single cysteine residue in the catalytic loop of each subunit. Further structural analysis and sequence comparison of SpSSADH with other SSADHs revealed that Ser158 and Tyr188 in SpSSADH participate in the stabilization of the 2'-phosphate group of adenine-side ribose in $NADP^+$. Our results provide structural insights into the cofactor preference of SpSSADH as the gram-positive bacterial SSADH.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.677-682
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• 2013

Impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) & Impaired fasting glucose(IFG) were standardized in 1979 by the National Diabetes Data Group and the World Health Organization as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The main clinical significance of IGT & IFG shows some risk factors on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and component of the metabolic syndrome. In 1997, the American Diabetes Association(ADA) proposed the new classification and diagnostic criteria for diabetes, which wss striction on the diagnostic baseline of Diabetes from 140 mg/dl to 126 mg/dl. This is because that the early diagnosis and treatments can prevent chronic complications. In the oriental medicine, Gamiyookmigihwang-tang has been using for the treatments of Diabetes including IGT & IFG; however, there have not been enough studies about the effect of the glycemic control objectively. So clinical studies have been performed on a mild DM(Diabetes Mellitus) patient with IGT and IFG in order to investigate whether there is hypoglycemic effect of Gamiyookmigihwang-tang. Prior to the study, for two weeks fasting blood sugar(FBS) and postprandial 2hrs(PP2hrs) glucose were checked. in addition ECG, T-cholesterol, TG, HbA1c levels were measured; then, Gamiyookmigihwang-tang has administrated for 4 weeks. and FBS, PP2hrs, T-cholesterol, TG, HbA1c were measured again after the herb medicine treatment. FBS, PP2hrs glucose levels and other measuring levels (T-cholesterol, TG, HbA1c) were decreased by the administration of Gamiyookmigihwang-tang. Gamiyookmigihwang-tang has hypoglycemic effects on a mild DM patient with IGT and IFG.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2014

Dyslipidemia is a component of the metabolic syndrome and a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition counseling is important to improve dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling in adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia diagnosed by the national health screening program. The nutrition counseling for adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia was carried out at a public health center in Gyeonggi-do. Thirty four patients out of forty five participants in the program completed the nutrition counseling program. The nutrition counseling was provided 3 times during a 12-week period. Individualized nutrition counseling to improve dietary habits was conducted after examining participants' dietary intake through questionnaires about dietary habits and whether they practice dietary guidelines. Data about serum lipid profiles, body composition, nutrition knowledge, the practice of dietary guidelines, and dietary behavior were collected before and after nutrition counseling to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Korea ver.18.0) and significant difference was evaluated by paired t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test. Body weight, body fat and WHR were significantly decreased after nutrition counseling. Total-cholesterol, TG, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased but HDL-cholesterol did not show significant changes. Both scores of nutrition knowledge and the practice of dietary guidelines improved significantly (p < 0.001). This study shows that nutrition counseling helps to encourage healthy eating practices and to improve serum lipid profiles of adults with risk factors for dyslipidemia. Overall, results indicated that nutrition counseling resulted in positive changes to lower the reliance on medications. Therefore, nutrition counseling should be considered for the initial treatment of dyslipidemia.