• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.184-188
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• 2010

식재된 하도의 흐름 해석을 위하여 많은 연구자들이 모형을 제시하였지만 이들 연구는 주로 균일한 형태를 갖는 수로의 실험자료를 활용하여 검증되었다. 자연하천의 경우 하도는 복잡한 형태를 보이고 동시에 식생위치, 밀도 등이 다양하여 흐름 또한 매우 복잡하다. 이러한 자연하도에서 유량을 정확히 예측하는 것은 매우 어려우며 이러한 이유로 식생이 존재하는 자연하도의 실측자료에 대하여 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Mertens와 Nuding의 방법을 활용하여 주수로와 홍수터 그리고 식생구역과 비식생구역 사이의 운동량 교환에 의한 흐름저항을 산정하고, Darcy-Weisbach식을 이용하여 분할단면 별 유속을 계산하였다. 계산된 유속으로부터 분할단면의 유량을 계산하고 이들의 총합으로 전단면의 유량을 산정하였다. 독일의 도시하천인 Enz강 4개 단면에 대하여 두가지 방법에 의해 수위에 따른 유량을 계산하고 실측 유량과 비교하였다. 비교결과 모든 단면에서 Nuding 방법이 Mertens의 방법보다 유량을 크게 산정하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 식생구역과 비식생구역 사이에서 운동량 교환이 발생하는 폭이 크면 클수록 경계면에서의 마찰은 증가하게 되는데 Nuding 방법이 Mertens방법보다 운동량 교환 폭을 상대적으로 작게 산정하여 경계면의 마찰 또한 작게 산정한 결과로 판단된다. 복단면의 홍수터에 식생이 존재하는 경우에는 Nuding방법이, 복단면 형태이더라도 식생이 호안에 존재하거나 단단면의 제방에 식생이 존재하는 경우에는 Mertens방법에 의해 계산된 유량이 실측유량과 비교적 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1001-1005
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• 2010

본 연구는 식생지름에 따른 식생된 복단면 하천에서 수리특성에 관한 것이다. 또한 국외에서 개발된 모형들의 차이점과 적용가능성을 조사하는 것이다. 연구결과로써 주수로의 유속은 식생밀도 증가에 따라 증가하는 동안 경계면마찰계수는 감소하다가 어느 식생밀도 지점부터 일정하였다. 하상경사가 0.5 ‰와 식생직경이 12 mm일 경우 경계면마찰계수에 대한 Pasche 모형은 10.9 %, Bertram 모형은 12.4 %, Mertens 모형은 16.8 % 평균오차를 발생시켰다. 그러나 식생밀도가 증가할수록 Nuding 모형의 오차가 증가함을 볼 수 있으며, 평균오차가 60.5 % 발생되었다. 주수로의 실측된 유속에 대한 Pasche 모형의 평균오차는 2.8 %, Mertens 모형의 평균오차는 8.3 %, Bertram 모형의 평균오차는 14.7 %, Nuding 모형의 평균오차는 11.8 %이다. 그러므로 Pasche 모형은 실제 복단면 하천에 적용하기 위해 더 유용하다. Strickler 계수를 사용한 Bertram 모형은 다른 모형보다 계산이 복잡하지 않고 측정된 마찰계수 및 유속값과 잘 일치한다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2011

A 1D numerical model for steady flow, based on the energy equation, was developed for natural rivers with emergent vegetations on floodplains and banks. The friction slope was determined by the friction law of Darcy-Weisbach. The composite friction factor of the each cross section was calculated by considering bottom roughness of the main channel and the floodplains, the flow resistance of vegetations, the apparent shear stress and the flow resistance caused by the momentum transfer between vegetated areas and non-vegetated areas. The interface friction factor caused by flow interaction was calculated by empirical formulas of Mertens and Nuding. In order to verify the accuracy of the suggested model, water surface elevations were calculated by using imaginary compound channels and the results of calculations were compared with that of the HEC-RAS. The sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm changed friction factors by vegetations density etc. The suggested model was applied to the reach of the Enz River in Germany, and estimated water surface elevations of the Enz River were compared with measured water surface elevations. This model could acceptably compute not only water surface elevations with low discharge but also that with high discharge. So, the suggested model in this study verified the applicability in natural rivers with emergent vegetations.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Let M be an R-module and S a semigroup. Our goal is to discuss zero-divisors of the semigroup module M[S]. Particularly we show that if M is an R-module and S a commutative, cancellative and torsion-free monoid, then the R[S]-module M[S] has few zero-divisors of size n if and only if the R-module M has few zero-divisors of size n and Property (A).

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2005

Eight species of Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus section Teretia were collected from the coasts of Korea: S. confusum C. Agardh, S. pallidum (Turner) C. Agardh, S. muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, S. thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze, S. fulvellum (Turner) C. Agardh, S. hemiphyllum (Turner) C. Agardh, S. nipponicum Yendo, and S. miyabei Yendo. These species were investigated on morphological variations and geographical distribution in Korea. The valuable taxonomic characters between similar species of this section were discussed with special reference to thickness of leaves, types of holdfasts, shape of leaves and vesicle, and length of rhizoids.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.429-442
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• 2015

The measurement from the indentation process depends on the amount of pile-up or sink-in around the contact impressions. In this paper, finite element concept is utilized to study the pile-up and sink-in behaviour for the wide range of materials with different young's modulus, yield stresses, strain-hardening exponents and coefficient of friction values. The exact indentation model is created by using the two dimensional axisymmetrical model for simulating the spherical indentation process on the lines of Taljat and Pharr (2004) work. The result shows that during spherical indentation process the amount of pile-up is greatly influenced by the strain hardening exponents in addition to other material properties and depth of penetration. The numerical results from the finite element analysis are also validated using the exact multilinear material properties obtained from the tensile testing for the materials like mild steel, brass and aluminium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

We investigate an internal flow pattern of an evaporating droplet where the contact line non-uniformly recedes. By using tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry, we observe a three-dimensional azimuthal vortex pair that is maintained until the droplet is completely dried. The non-uniformly receding contact line motion breaks the flow symmetry. Finally, a simplified scaling model presents that the mechanical stress along the contact line is proportional to the vorticity magnitude, which is validated by the experimental results.

• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.393-405
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• 2006

Eight species of Sargassum subgenus Bactrophycus section Halochloa and Repentia were collected from the coasts of Korea: Sargassum coreanum J. Agardh, Sargassum sagamianum Yendo, Sargassum micracanthum (Kützing) Endlicher, Sargassum macrocarpum C. Agardh, Sargassum autumnale Yoshida, Sargassum siliquastrum (Mertens ex Turner) C. Agardh, Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, Sargassum yezoense (Yamada) Yoshida et Konno. These species were investigated on morphological variations and geographical distributions in Korea. The valuable taxonomic characters between similar species of these section were discussed with special reference to types of holdfasts, shape of main branch, leaves and vesicles.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.51-65
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• 2024

This study aims to understand positive changes in balance and gait function and difficulties in the instructor's guidance process through repetitive basic motor skill-based physical activities targeting people with cerebellar ataxia. For this purpose, five adults with cerebellar ataxia were selected as research subjects, and their three instructors participated as research participants. To collect quantitative data, the average and standard deviation were examined through pre-and post-evaluation of the research participants' physical activity classes for 16 weeks. The mean and standard deviation of the collected data were calculated using the Shapiro-Wilk test in the SAS 9.1 statistical program (p<.05). As a qualitative data collection method, the cultural description method of developmental research(DSR) proposed by Spradley(1980) was adopted, and the collected data were analyzed inductively according to the analysis method of Mertens(1990). Through this, 31 concepts, 10 subcategories, and 4 categories were discovered. As a result, the difficulties experienced by the research participants included insufficient guidance environment, dissatisfaction of consumers, difficulty in guidance, and non-cooperation of colleagues. Based on these research results, it was found that institutional, legal, and policy support should be provided not only to public institutions but also to private physical activity institutions that can use vouchers in order to maintain the balance of adults with cerebellar ataxia as well as to guide their physical activities.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2012

The establishment of algal spores plays an essential role in adult kelp distribution and abundance patterns. Sedimentation is a key variable regulating algal spore settlement and success, possibly controlling species-specific dominance $in$ $situ$. Laboratory experiments were used to determine spore attachment and survival rates of two Alaskan canopy-forming kelps, $Nereocystis$ $luetkeana$ (K. Mertens) Postels & Ruprecht and $Eualaria$ $fistulosa$ (Postels & Ruprecht) M. J. Wynne, to various types of sediment loading. Spore attachment for both species was significantly and similarly affected by three sediment treatments: suspended particles; settled sediment covering the substratum; and smothering of attached spores by settling sediment. Spore attachment decreased by approximately 90% at 420 mg sediment $L^{-1}$, the highest sediment load tested here, under all three treatments for both species. These results suggest that increases in sedimentation may constrain the success of the spore stages, but sediment does not seem to be a likely factor explaining species-specific distribution patterns. However, while sedimentation affected spores of both species similarly, timing of spore release in relation to times of maximum sediment load in the water might differ for different species, possibly explaining kelp species distribution patterns.