• 제목/요약/키워드: Merchants

검색결과 279건 처리시간 0.026초

영세 소상공인 조직화에 대한 직능업종별 차이분석과 경영성과 (An Analysis of the Differences in Management Performance by Business Categories from the Perspective of Small Business Systematization)

  • 서근하;서미옥;윤성욱
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.111-122
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 국내사업체 수에서 87.9% 이상을 차지하고 있는 소상공인들의 직능업종별 조직화에 대한 실증적 연구이다. 연구문제의 검증을 위하여 직능단체의 조직화를 국내 상황에 적합하도록 도소매직능, 음식숙박직능, 개인서비스직능의 세 가지 형태로 구분하여 실증적인 분석을 시도하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 조직화 참여동기에서 인력구인난에 대한 반응은 음식직능이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 외부경쟁심화와 자금압박으로 인한 반응은 개인 서비스 직능이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이를 통하여 업종별 직능별로 경영애로사항과 조직화 참여동기에는 차이가 존재함이 새롭게 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 조직화 기대치의 경영공정 개선분야에서는 음식직능이, 단순한 최종성과 개선만을 기대하는 분야에서는 소매직능이 가장 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 소상공인 직능별 조직화요인과 경영성과에 대한 분석에서는 참여동기는 소상공인의 재무적인 경영성과에 부(-)의 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 반대로 조직화 기대치와 정책수요는 경영성과에 직접적인 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과가 의미하는 바는, 향후 정부에서는 직능단체별로 맞춤형 중장기 경영전략을 수립하여야 하는 필요성과 더불어, 현재 소상공인 조직화는 일천한 상황에 있지만, 최종적으로 창업 성공과 창업 실패를 구분하는 분기점이 된다는 점을 밝혀주었다.

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지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로 (How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective)

  • 홍일유;이정민;조휘형
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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수업설계론과 수업구조화 - 일본 고등학교 도시단원을 사례로 - (The theory of lesson plannig and the instructional structuration : A case study for urban units in Japanese high school)

  • 심광택
    • 대한지리학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.166-182
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    • 1994
  • 본 연구에서는 고등학교 지리수업이 안고 있는 대학입시 지도와의 관련성, 기초개 념의 중복성, 수업시간의 제한 등 세가지 문제점을 해결하기 위해 수업을 구조화하여 고등 사고 기능을 기를 수 있는 수업을 설계하고자 하였다. 그러기 위해서 행동이론과 구조분석 을 통합한 지리수업 설계에 대하여 단계적으로 다음과 같이 정리해 볼 수 있다. 우선, 제 1 단계로서, 학습자는 경험적인 현상의 기술인 자료를 조사하고, 과학자의 시점에 따라서 객관 성과 정확성을 유지하면서, 가설-검증의 과정을 통하여 說明的 知識에 이른다, 제 2단계에 서는, 추론적인 진술에 대한 비판적 사고를 통하여 공간구조를 분석하는 것으로 槪念的 知 識을 이론적으로 설명한다. 제 3단계에서는, 지역주민의 행위를 둘러싸고 있는 상황을 파악 하기 위해 자료를 비판적으로 다시 검토하여 사회 제도 간의 관계까지 實踐的 解釋에 이른 다. 제4단계로서는, 정보를 활용하는 능력을 기르기 위해 事例地域 學習에 대해 주체적으로 참여한다. 따라서, 행동이론과 구조분석의 통합을 통한 지리수업의 설계에서 본다면, 수업이 구조화되고 실증론에 대한 인식론적 입장에서 전개될 것이다.

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SNS에서 제휴마케팅 관점의 클릭의도에 영향을 주는 요인과 연대강도의 조절효과 (Determinants of Click-Through Intention as Affiliate Marketing and the Moderating Effect of Tie Strength in SNS)

  • 목혜민;주재훈
    • 경영정보학연구
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.89-110
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    • 2013
  • 제휴마케팅으로 웹에서의 콘텐트 제공자가 수익을 창출할 수 있게 되었다. 그러나 콘텐트 제공자는 웹 사이트를 구축하여 일정 수준 이상의 고객을 끌어들이는데 어려움을 겪어왔다. 최근 SNS가 활성화되면서 누구나 쉽게 콘텐트 제공자가 될 수 있게 되었고, 자신의 SNS에 광고를 게재하고 제휴마케팅을 통해 수익을 창출하는 것이 용이하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 트위터와 같은 마이크로블로그 기반 SNS에서 제휴마케팅에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하였으며, 구성원들간의 연대관계가 이들 영향변수와 제휴마케팅 간에 조절역할을 하는지를 조사하였다. 실증분석에서는 제휴마케팅의 대용 변수로 클릭의도를 사용하였다. 실증분석을 통한 연구결과는 다음과 같다: 첫째, 마이크로블로그 기반 SNS의 보안 서비스, 커뮤니티 소통지원 서비스, 내비게이션 서비스, 콘텐트 품질은 클릭의도에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 마이크로블로그 기반 SNS에서 구성원들 간의 연대(연결강도)는 콘텐트 품질과 클릭의도간의 관계에서 조절역할을 한다. 약한 연대 그룹일수록 콘텐트 품질이 클릭의도에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 끝으로 본 연구에서는 이들 연구결과가 주는 함의를 연구자와 실무자 관점에서 제시하였다.

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조선시대 직령(直領)제도 - 조선왕조실록을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Jik-Ryoung of Chosun Era -Focusing a True Record of the Chosun Dynasty -)

  • 이주영;권영숙
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.237-260
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    • 2000
  • According to the study of Jik-Ryoung(直領) consulting chronicles of the Chosun Era, Jik-Ryoung had been worn for various uses as official outfit, ordinary attire or clothes for the celebration of their coming of age, wedding ceremonies, funeral rites, and religious ceremonies, etc. from the beginning to the end of the Chosun Era. The conclusions are shown briefly as follows. 1. There are several terms of Po(袍) related to Jik-Ryoung in the chronicles under the name of Jik-Ryoung Ui(直領衣), Ui-Sal Jik-Ryoung(衣撒直領), and Jik-shin(直身). Jik-Ryoung Ui is the other name of Jik-Ryoung that they called it when it was used for funeral rites and religious ceremonies. The chinese Ye-Sal(曳撒) was called the Ui-Sal Jik-Ryoung in Korea, but this is different with Jik-Ryoung regarding its divided up and bottom style. Jik-Shin is almost same as Jik-Ryoung. 2. During the latter period of the Chosun Era, we can find diferent frequency in use of the Jik-Ryoung. Jik-Ryoung was shown constantly in the cases of that ding, Chinese Prince and lower-level constantly in the cases of that king, Crown Prince and lower-level officials wore it for funeral rites and lower-level officials, artisans, merchants, humbles and slaves wore it for official outfit. Uses of the Jik-Ryoung increased for military officers'outfits, in contrast to decreasing of uses for ordinary attires of king, Crown Prince, and the commons, and official outfits of civil officials. 3. These different aspects mean the change of estate and role. For the basic four ceremonial occasions the ceremonies of coming of age, marriage, funeral, and ancestor memorial-, it appeared constantly. Therefore the social role had been maintained also by then. As an official garb, the role for official uniform of petty official maintained by the end of the Dynasty. But from the latter 1600's to the former 1700's, the roles for official garbs of civil officials and military officers decreased and increased respectively. Before the Hideyoshi's Invasion of Korea in 1592, ordinary social clothes had orders by people's social status who wore them ; those were Dan Ryoung(團領), Hong Jik Ryoung(紅直領), Jik Ryoung(直領), Cho'l Rick(철릭) in the order named. After the war, various Po(袍), Shim Ui(深衣), Jung Chi Mak(中致莫), Chang Ui( 衣), Jang Ui(長衣), Ju Ui(周衣) and so on had been worn until the King Young Jo(英祖)·Jung Jo(正祖) period. In result, the social role of Jik-Ryoung was reduced as the uses decreased more and more. For a mourning dress, it had a same aspect as the case of ordinary social wear. 4. Considering the color, they used blue for the clothes for doing-up-the-hair ceremony, white for mourning clothes, and white, black for ancestor memorial ceremony clothes. On the official outfits of officials, dark blue and black were used mostly. And lower-level officials'clothes had white, red, and green on them. They used red and green for the plain dresses. 5. Examining the materials, clothes for the celebration of one's coming of age were made of high quality silks, Kwang Hwa Dan(廣禾緞). Also, they made clothes for funeral rites of rough and thick linen, and made clothes for religious ceremonies of linen and hemp. The official outfits were made of practical materials like cotton, hemp and ramie. Cotton, pongee and satin were used to make ordinary attire.

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어업기술의 발전 측면에서 본 음식디미방과 규합총서 속의 어패류 이용 양상의 비교 연구 (A Comparative Study on the Changing Pattern of Fish and Shellfish Uses in ${\ulcorner}Eum-sik-di-mi-bang{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}Gyu-hap-chong-seo{\lrcorner}$ in Sight of the Development of Fishing Technology)

  • 김희선
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.273-284
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    • 2004
  • This study is on the changing pattern of fish-and-shellfish uses during the last two thirds of Chosun period on the premise that they are influenced by development of fishing technology. With a literary approach, this paper researches how fish-and-shellfish production and consumption pattern changed, especially in relation to technological development of fisheries. First, we examine into the changes of fishery production. And next, we analyze the kind and cooking method of fish-and-shellfish in [Eum-sik-di-mi-bang](1670) and [Gyu-hap-chong-seo](1815). The analysis of two books revealed that there were significant differences in fish-and-shellfish uses. Because the two books were written with a gap of 145 years and the development of fishing technology and remarkable changes of fishery production affected on the fish-and-shellfish uses. Due to primitive fishing tools and skills, fresh-water and reverse-river-fish and shellfish had been caught in substantial amount until the middle ages of Chosun period. As a result, the availability of seafood were limited extremely even in the upper classes. These situations are evidenced by the analysis of [Eum-sik-di-mi-bang]. Only 12 kinds of fish-and-shellfish are described in [Eum-sik-di-mi-bang]. Most of the sesfoods is mollusc which is easy to catch. As for the salt-water fish, dried cod and dried herring were mentioned. Mullet, the reverse-water-fish, is used most frequently. Only one kind of 'Hoe', which needs extreme freshness, is described. This means that the use of fresh fish-and-shellfish was very limited to some kinds which could be caught near the village. As the netting fishery began to be developed in the 18th century, the production of some salt-water fishes, such as anchovy, shrimp, yellow corvina, pollack, and herring, had increased remarkably to make marine resources more available. Small fish, such as anchovy and shrimp were preserved as 'Jeot-gal' and sold nationwide. Therefore, 'Jeot-gal' and seafood could be used in Kimchi around this time and had a deep influence on the change of Kimchi in taste and nutrition. In [Gyu-hap-chong-seo], 33 kinds of fish-and-shellfish are described. Including cod and herring, 17 kinds of sea water fish and mollusc are mentioned. Some of these are consumed in fresh state, neither as dried nor as salted. Because the merchants promoted the transport of seafoods to other regions according to the growth of commercial economy. As a result the diet of the people could be enriched by the various seafoods.

오픈마켓에서 개인특성이 신뢰 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 (The Impact of Consumer Characteristics Upon Trust and Purchase Intentions in B2C E-marketplaces)

  • 조휘형;홍일유
    • 경영정보학연구
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.49-73
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    • 2010
  • 고객만족과 신뢰에 관한 문제는 인터넷쇼핑몰의 발전에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 불확실성과 리스크가 존재하는 B2C 전자상거래에서 불안 요소를 불식시키거나 감소시켜 고객만족과 소비자의 신뢰를 구축하는 것이 인터넷쇼핑몰의 성공을 위해 필수적 요소라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 효율적인 웹사이트 구축을 위해 오픈마켓에서 고객만족과 중개자의 신뢰가치성 요인 간의 영향관계를 조명한다. 또한 오픈마켓 이용자의 개인적 특성으로서 신뢰성향과 자기효능감이 신뢰와 구매의도 형성에 어떠한 역할을 하는지 조명하고 이해하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 오픈마켓에서 고객만족은 신뢰가치성으로 능력, 배려, 무결성 요소에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 배려와 강한 관계를 맺고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 오픈마켓에서 신뢰성향은 신뢰나 구매의도에 영향을 주지 못하며, 신뢰가치성 요소로서 배려와 무결성에만 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 자기효능감은 신뢰와 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 자기효능감이 높은 고객에게는 이탈 방지를 위해 고객충성도를 높일 수 있는 전략이 요구되며, 반면에 자기효능감이 낮은 고객을 유인하기 위해 웹사이트의 사용성 및 유용성을 고려한 기술적 측면과 마케팅적 측면에 초점을 두는 전략이 요구된다.

전통시장 선진화를 위한 제도개선에 관한 연구 - 공설시장을 중심으로 - (Study on Policies and Strategies for Fostering Traditional Markets - Focused on Improving Efficacy of Public Markets Development-)

  • 김수암;황보윤
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.69-94
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    • 2010
  • 전통시장은 2008.6월 현재 전국에 1,500개가 있으나, 1996년 유통시장 개방 이후 대형마트, SSM 등에 밀려 전통시장은 위축되어 왔다. 2002년 이후 정부와 지방자치단체는 막대한 예산을 들여 시설현대화 및 경영현대화를 지원하고 있으나 성과가 그리 크지 않다. 그 요인으로는 전통시장 지원제도와 지원방식, 낙후된 시설, 다양하지 못한 상품, 고령상인의 주먹구구식 경영과 부족한 서비스 등으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 전통시장의 지원성과 제고를 위해 공설시장을 전국 전통시장의 활성화 모델로서, 그리고 지역별 거점시장으로서 활용하는 방안 연구에 그 목적을 두었다. 전통시장 중 388개 달하는 공설시장은 주로 지방자치단체가 소유한 것으로 일반시장과 달리 시설, 상품, 서비스 등을 상권에 맞게 최적화시킬 수 있다. 또한 공설시장에 전문 인력을 투입해 시장 활성화 모델 겸 인근 전통시장과 연합하여 공동마케팅, 공동구매 등을할 수 있는 거점시장으로 만들 경우 지원성과 제고에 크게 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구의 한계는 공설시장의 지원제도, 거점시장으로서 전환에 국한된 것이며, 상품구색, 서비스 등의 자세한 활성화 방안은 제시하지 못하고 있다.

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전통시장 관련법 개정 방안에 대한 고찰 : 성남 모란시장을 중심으로 (Consideration of the Traditional Market-Related Law Revision Plan: Focus on Moranjang in Seongnam)

  • 임진;김영기;이민권;김유오;윤명길
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.37-47
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    • 2011
  • 우리나라의 유통산업분야에는 아직도 법적·제도적 보완시책이 부족하며, 특히 전통시장을 비롯한 중소 영세상인들에 대한 보다 체계적인 육성·지원방안이 시급한 실정이다. 이러한 전통시장을 지원하기 위해 2004년도에 제정된 전통시장 특별법의 지원대상과 범위는 종전에는 단위시장으로 국한하였으나, 이후 시장 및 상점가, 시장활성화구역, 더 나아가 상권활성화구역을 지정하여 지원할 수 있도록 확대시켜왔다. 그러나 전통시장 활성화 및 지원에 관한 기준이 되는 특별법이 전통시장의 개념을 다소 획일적으로 규정함으로 인해 무등록시장에 대한 법률적 개념의 미비함과 같은 문제점을 지니고 있다. 여기서 무등록시장이란 특별법에서 정한 계량화된 기준을 충족하지 못함에 따라 실제 시장기능 수행여부와 무관하게 법률적인 전통시장에 포함되지 않는 시장을 일컫는다. 본 연구는 이러한 특별법 규정에 대한 문제점을 도출하고 개선방안을 찾고자 논의를 전개한다. 사례는 모란민속5일장을 중심으로 한다. 본 연구는 새로운 시각으로 접근하고자 한다. 즉, 경험적인 측면에서 현실에 직접적으로 접목할 수 있는 논의를 하고자 한다. 따라서 최근 이슈화되고 있는 논의 중에 법적 보호를 받지 못하는 무등록시장을 중심으로 논의하는 한편, 연구방법론 측면에서 볼 때 규범적 연구방법론을 견지한다. 유통학 분야에 있어 기존의 연구가 대개는 경험적 분석기법을 많이 활용하지만, 본 연구의 특성상 법적 제도적인 관점으로 접근할 때 가장 효율적인 논의가 되기 위해서는 현장에서 바로 접목이 가능한 규범적 연구방법론을 택하여 본 연구를 전개하고자 한다.

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네팔 도서지역 주민들의 상병상태 및 의료이용양상 (Health Status and Health Care Utilization in a Rural Area, Nepal)

  • 이명근;김명호;이명선;박경옥
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.231-241
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    • 1996
  • The estimation of medical care status and the planning of health service program should be done according to each community resident's socio-medical background and public health service. In this point, it is most necessary to be set the exact and new socio-economic statistics data in Nepal, one of the worst countries in national health status. We surveyed 668 house, 3,425 residents in Dolka area, Nepal from January 25th to February 1st, 1995. 1. In personal characteristics, the ratio of men and women was similar, the person who were below 19 years old were 28.1% and the single were 52.4%. The illeterate person were 50.3% and the lower group in economic status which had been estimated by interviewers were 46.9%. 2. In sanitational characteristics, the person who used stream water or rainwater to drink were 42.2% and the person who always boiled water to drink were only 8.3%. The person who had not toilet in their house were 67.3% and the lower group in sanitational status which had been estimated by interviewers were 61.8%. 3. The prevalence rate of illness during the last one month were 8.6% and the chronic were 26.1% and the acute were 72.5%. The distribution of sickness symptom were headache, fever and joint pain in order and the person who took no medical treatment among the sick were 37.0%. The patterns of medical utilization were public health center, hospital and pharmacy in order. 4. Illness prevalence was significantly related to sex, age, merital status and educational experience. The residents who were women, 40 years old or more, married and had not educational experience were apt to take illness. 5. Medical utilization was significantly related to educational experience, job, distance from home to medical facilities and economic status. The person who had educational experience, were officer workers or merchants, lived near by medical facilities and had higher economic status took medical treatment very well.

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