• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2C
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• pp.182-192
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• 2010

This paper proposes the hardware IP design of JBIG2 encoder. In order to facilitate the next generation FAX after the standardization of JBIG2, major modules of JBIG2 encoder are designed and implemented, such as symbol extraction module, Huffman coder, MMR coder, and MQ coder. ImpulseC Codeveloper and Xilinx ISE/EDK program are used for the synthesis of VHDL code. To minimize the memory usage, 128 lines of input image are processed succesively instead of total image. The synthesized IPs are downloaded to Virtex-4 FX60 FPGA on ML410 development board. The four synthesized IPs utilize 36.7% of total slice of FPGA. Using Active-HDL tool, the generated IPs were verified showing normal operation. Compared with the software operation using microblaze cpu on ML410 board, the synthesized IPs are better in operation time. The improvement ratio of operation time between the synthesized IP and software is 17 times in case of symbol extraction IP, and 10 times in Huffman coder IP. MMR coder IP shows 6 times faster and MQ coder IP shows 2.2 times faster than software only operation. The synthesized H/W IP and S/W module cooperated to succeed in compressing the CCITT standard document.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.776-786
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• 2006

This paper proposes XML based mobile information visualization system using rectangle layout to show effectively XML based information to user on mobile devices which do not have a rich display feature. We define XML schema that can describes information in graph with cycle as well as information in tree form. It suggests using rectangle layout method that is an improvement of the traditional method of the radial layout because the specificity of the mobile display should be considered when XML information is rendered on the screen. And then, it applies DOI of fisheye view algorithm to information on the rectangle layout to represent all and user interest information. And it also suggests an effective method considering capability of mobile devices to decrease user's confusion and improve awareness of user when a user Interest target selected. The proposed information visualization system in the form of focus+context supports an effective interface for information retrieval via mobile devices, such as PDA, cellular phone and smart phone, that usually have less power of CPU than that of PC and the constraints of display and memory. In this paper, it performs experiments and makes an evaluation comparing information visualization method between the traditional radial layout and the proposed rectangle layout.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.375-385
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• 2016

Background: The study was conducted to elucidate the extraction conditions under which white ginseng has cognition-improving efficacy. Methods and Results: Extracts from white ginseng under different solvent and temperature conditions were analyzed for ginsenoside content and inhibitory effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The total ginsenoside contents and amounts of ginsenoside Rb1 plus ginsenoside Rg1 from the 1st extracts (prepared with EtOH/$H_2O$ as solvent) were higher than those from the 2nd extracts (extracted with $H_2O$ after the 1st EtOH/$H_2O$ extraction). The contents in the 1st and 2nd extracts produced at $80^{\circ}C$ were also higher than those obtained at $50^{\circ}C$. Samples from the 1st extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ indicated higher inhibitory activities on NMDA receptors-whose excessive activation is thought to mediate the calcium-dependent neurotoxicity associated with several neurodegenerative diseases-than those from the 2nd extraction. Among the samples prepared at varying temperatures, the extract prepared at $50^{\circ}C$ showed the highest suppression activity on NMDA receptors. Note, however, that the extracts from the 2nd extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ inhibited acetylcholinesterase-whose inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive deficits and memory malfunction-more effectively than those from the 1st extraction. Conclusions: To enhance the cognition-improving activity of white ginseng extract, it is suggested that the extracts be utilized after being combined the 1st extracts (made with EtOH/$H_2O$ solvent) and the 2nd extracts (prepared with $H_2O$) at low temperature.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 1999

In general cases, compared with glass electrode, FET type electrolyte sensors have many advantages. But the drift, memory effect and the poor reproducibility of the FET type electrolyte sensor cause the decrease of the reliability in the measurement system. To improve the reliability, an ion-measuring system using FET type electrolyte sensor array with 8 sensors has been developed. Developed system employed the electronic switchs to connect a signal detecting circuit with 8 sensor array and the system can measure ion concentration of 4 different type electrolyte($H^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$). The signal processing algorithm with insertion sorting method was adopted to enhance the reliability. We measured 3 different ion($H^+$, $Na^+$, $K^+$) to evaluate the performance of developed system. The results show that the designed signal processing algorithm can reduce the error range in comparison with a simple arithmetic mean and the developed system has a good reliability over the previous single channel sensor system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.298-308
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• 2020

This study was designed to verify reliability and feasibility by analyzing elderly drivers' ability test tools for older drivers aged 65 or older, which were improved in 2018 and are currently being conducted by the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. Only those aged 65 or older who voluntarily applied to the elderly driving ability evaluation system implemented by the Seoul branch of the Korea Highway Traffic Authority. The research was conducted for about 50 days until Aug. 31, 2018, starting with the registration and inspection of the first study subjects. The analysis performed a correlation analysis with existing tools and cognitive testing tools (MMSE_K) to determine their feasibility and reliability as an improved tool in 2018. As a result, the first, the speed distance, time-space memory, and dispersionism of each sub-component of the old version showed statistically significant static correlation with the sub-factor of the current version. Persistence, on the other hand, was not statistically significant to the current version. The limitations of this study were as follows. Most of the people in the study were highly educated and residents in the metropolitan area. Therefore, it is likely that the results of MSE_K, which checks cognitive and judgment skills, have been upgraded. Also, cognitive tools that are measured by computers are likely to have real measurement errors for generations who are not familiar with computers. Therefore, it is expected that improvement and development of tools for improving the limit points at the site and assessing actual operation capability will be required.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.219-230
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• 2017

General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) build massively parallel architecture and apply multithreading technology to explore parallelism. By using programming models like CUDA, and OpenCL, GPGPUs are becoming the best in exploiting plentiful thread-level parallelism caused by parallel applications. Unfortunately, modern GPGPU cannot efficiently utilize its available hardware resources for numerous general-purpose applications. One of the primary reasons is the inefficiency of existing warp/thread block schedulers in hiding long latency instructions, resulting in lost opportunity to improve the performance. This paper studies the effects of hardware thread scheduling policy on GPGPU performance. We propose a novel warp scheduling policy that can alleviate the drawbacks of the traditional round-robin policy. The proposed warp scheduler first classifies the warps of a thread block into two groups, warps with long latency and warps with short latency and then schedules the warps with long latency before the warps with short latency. Furthermore, to support the proposed warp scheduler, we also propose a supplemental technique that can dynamically reduce the number of streaming multiprocessors to which will be assigned thread blocks when encountering a high contention degree at the memory and interconnection network. Based on our experiments on a 15-streaming multiprocessor GPGPU platform, the proposed warp scheduling policy provides an average IPC improvement of 7.5% over the baseline round-robin warp scheduling policy. This paper also shows that the GPGPU performance can be improved by approximately 8.9% on average when the two proposed techniques are combined.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether longitudinal changes in positive and negative symptoms affect cognitive functioning in chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty-eight patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia were examined on two occasions over 6 months for symptoms and cognitive changes. Symptoms were measured by PANSS. Cognitive functions were examined for sustained attention, executive function, concentration and attention, and verbal memory and learning using Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Twenty control subjects were assessed to compare the cognitive scores of remitted schizophrenic patients. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in symptoms and all cognitive tests after 6 months treatments. Significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms did not predict improvements in any aspect of cognitive functioning measured. Normal controls performed significantly better than remitted schizophrenic patients on all cognitive tests. The results show no relationship between change in symptoms and change in cognition in chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion: We suggest that symptomatic and cognitive impairment may be a distinct construct. These findings highlight the importance of treating cognitive impairment in addition to the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.619-630
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• 2003

We present a method of runtime configuration scheduling in reconfigurable SoC design. As a model of computation, we use a popular formal model of computation, hierarchical FSM (HFSM) with synchronous dataflow (SDF) model, in short, HFSM-SDF model. In reconfigurable SoC design with HFSM-SDF model, the problem of configuration scheduling becomes challenging due to the dynamic behavior of the system such as concurrent execution of state transitions (by AND relation), complex control flow (HFSM), and complex schedules of SDF actor firing. This makes it hard to hide configuration latency efficiently with compile-time static configuration scheduling. To resolve the problem, it is necessary to know the exact order of required configurations during runtime and to perform runtime configuration scheduling. To obtain the exact order of configurations, we exploit the inherent property of HFSM-SDF that the execution order of SDF actors can be determined before executing the state transition of top FSM. After obtaining the order information and storing it in the ready configuration queue (ready CQ), we execute the state transition. During the execution, whenever there is FPGA resource available, a new configuration is selected from the ready CQ and fetched by the runtime configuration scheduler. We applied the method to an MPEG4 decoder and IS95 design and obtained up to 21.8% improvement in system runtime with a negligible overhead of memory usage.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.1051-1060
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• 2014

This study is attempted to realize an improved computation performance by combining the MPI (Message Passing Interface) Technique, a standard model of the parallel programming in the distributed memory environment, with the DHM(Diffusion Hydrodynamic Model), a inundation analysis model. With parallelizing inundation model, it compared with the existing calculation method about the results of applications to complicate and required long computing time problems. In addition, it attempted to prove the capability to estimate inundation extent, depth and speed-up computing time due to the flooding in protected lowlands and to validate the applicability of the parallel model to the actual flooding analysis by simulating based on various inundation scenarios. To verify the model developed in this study, it was applied to a hypothetical two-dimensional protected land and a real flooding case, and then actually verified the applicability of this model. As a result of this application, this model shows that the improvement effectiveness of calculation time is better up to the maximum of about 41% to 48% in using multi cores than a single core based on the same accuracy. The flood analysis model using the parallel technique in this study can be used for calculating flooding water depth, flooding areas, propagation speed of flooding waves, etc. with a shorter runtime with applying multi cores, and is expected to be actually used for promptly predicting real time flood forecasting and for drawing flood risk maps etc.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.917-922
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• 2009

The effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid into an n-3 fatty acid adequate diet on the improvement of learning related brain function was investigated. On the second day after conception, Sprague Dawley strain dams were subjected to a diet containing either n-3 fatty acid adequate (Adq, 3.4% linolenic acid) or n-3 fatty acid adequate+docosahexaenoic acid (Adq+DHA, 3.31%linolenic acid plus 9.65% DHA). After weaning, male pups were fed on the same diet of their respective dams until adulthood. Motor activity and Morris water maze tests were measured at 10 weeks. In the motor activity test, there were no statistically significant differences in moving time and moving distance between the Adq and Adq+DHA diet groups. The n-3 fatty acid adequate with DHA (Adq+DHA) group tended to show a shorter escape latency, swimming time and swimming distance compared to the n-3 fatty acid adequate group (Adq), but the differences were not statistically significant. There was no difference in resting time, but the Adq+DHA group showed a higher swimming speed compared to the Adq group. In memory retention trials, the numbers of crossing of the platform position (region A), in which the hidden platform was placed, were significantly greater than those of other regions for both Adq and Adq+DHA groups. Based on these results, adding DHA into the n-3 fatty acid adequate diet from gestation to adulthood tended to induce better spatial learning performance in Sprague Dawley rats as assessed by the Morris water maze test, although the difference was not significant.