• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.29-32
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• 2003

Polymer electrolyte membranes are developed for the applications to facilitated transport membranes, fuel cells and solar cells. The polymer electrolyte membranes containing silver salt show the remarkably high separation performance for olefin/paraffin mixture in the solid state; the propylene permeance is 45 GPU and the ideal selectivity of propylene/propane is 15,000. For fuel cell membranes, the effects of the presence and size of the proton transport channels on the proton conductivity and methanol permeability were investigated. The cell performance for dye-sensitized solar cells employing polymer electrolytes are measured under light illumination. The overall energy conversion efficiency reaches 5.44 % at 10 ㎽/$\textrm{cm}^2$, to our knowledge the highest value ever reported in the polymer electrolytes.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.23-26
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• 1999

Urethane block copolymers, containing soft segments such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytertramethylene glycol(PTMG) and PEO-PPO-PEO (Poloxamer) block copolymer, were synthesized and examined for th vapor- phase separation of toluene from nitrogen stream by using vapor permeation equipment. Generally permeabilities of PTMG and PDMS based urethane membranes were higher than those of Poloxamer based urethane membranes. Organic vapor permeability in the PDMS and PTMG soft segment urethane membranes were greater than those measured in the Poloxamer films, due to more polymer swelling. The membranes performed best with toluene, with toluene/dry N2 seletivities ranging from 120~200 and permeablilities as high as 23$\times$10-9 mol/m2sPa for saturated toluene feeds at 23$^{\circ}C$.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 1997

Composite membranes were prepared by the deposition of pentafluoropyridine(PFP) or pentafluorotoluene(PFT) plasma films onto porous Celgard and nonporous poly(dimethylsiloxane) [PDMS] films. Gas permeation measurements for the composite membranes were made in the temperature range of 35$^{\circ}$C to 75 $^{\circ}$C and the solubilities in plasma polymers were measured using a Cahn Microbalance. The permeability coefficients of plasma polymers obeyed the Arrhenius relationship fairly wall. Activation energies for permeation in the plasma films increased with the size of penetrant molecules. The activation energy of plasma polymers was much lower than that of commonly used perfluoropolymers. This difference was proved to be attributable to the much lower heat of solutions of the plasma polymers compared to perfluoropolymers. The diffusion activation energies were comparable with each other.

• Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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• v.67
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• pp.199-209
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• 2018

Polyethersulfone (PES)/sulfonated $TiO_2$ ($STiO_2$) nanoparticles (NPs) UF blended membranes were fabricated with different loadings of $STiO_2$. The modified membranes exhibited significant improvement in surface roughness, porosity, and pore size when compared to the PES membrane. The $P-STiO_2$ 1 and $P-TiO_2$ 1 blended membranes exhibited higher water flux, approximately 102.4% and 62.6%, respectively, compared to PES. SPP-$STiO_2$ and $P-STiO_2$ showed lower Rir fouling resistance than the $P-TiO_2$ blended membrane. Overall, the $STiO_2$-blended membranes provide high hydrophilicity permeability, anti-fouling performance, and improved BSA rejection attributed to the hydrogen bonding force and more electrostatic repulsion properties of $STiO_2$.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.432-438
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• 2013

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) containing MIL-100(Fe), a MOF type, were fabricated in this study. MMMs up to 30 wt% MOF loading were prepared, and their gas permeabilities were tested. $H_2$, $CO_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, and $CH_4$ gas permeabilities increased with the MOF loading, while $SF_6$, the largest kinetic diameter in this study, exhibited reduction of gas permeability with the loading. Ideal gas selectivity of $N_2/SF_6$ improved by 40% as compared with pure polyimide membrane, suggesting the proposed MMMs were suitable for $N_2/SF_6$ separation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.421-431
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• 2016

Novel membrane technologies that harness ordered nanostructures have recently received much attention because they allow for high permeability due to their reduced flow resistance while also maintaining high selectivity due to their isoporous characteristics. In particular, the opaline structure (made from the self-assembly of colloidal particles) and its inverted form (inverse-opal) have shown strong potential for membrane applications on account of several advantages in processing and the resulting membrane properties. These include controllability over the pore size and surface functional moieties, which enable a wide range of applications ranging from size-exclusive separation to catalytically-reactive membranes. Furthermore, when combined with multiscale architecturing strategies, inverse-opal-structured membranes can be designed to have specific pores or channel structures. These materials are anticipated to be utilized for next-generation, high-performance, and high-value-added functional membranes. In this review article, various types of inverse-opal-structured membranes are reviewed and their functionalization through hierarchical structuring will be comprehensively investigated and discussed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 1998

Lidocaine compounds have widely been used as local anesthetics. Regarding the molecular mechanism for anesthesia by lidocaine, it is proposed that lidocaine molecules penetrate to the hydrophobic region of cell membrane and expand the membrane volume, producing a change in protein conformation that blocks sodium permeability or lidocaine molecules directly adsorb into lidocaine receptor in the protein channel without expanding the cell membrane. But these proposals have never been proven experimentally. In this study, the expansion of cell membrane by lidocaine compounds was investigated by employing lipid monolayer at the air/water interface as the mimetic system of cell membrane. It was found that oil-soluble lidocaine contracted the area/molecule of lipid in the monolayer of phosphatidyl choline, sphingomyelin, DS-PL95E and lipoid, but expanded the monolayer of phosphatidyl ethanolamine only in a certain range of mixing ratios. On the contrary, water-soluble lidocaine-HCl salt expanded the monolayers of all lipids used in this study.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.573-583
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• 2017

Biofilm formation on the membrane surface results in the loss of permeability in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. Studies have revealed that cellulose is not only produced by a number of bacterial species but also plays a key role during formation of their biofilm. Hence, in this study, cellulase was introduced to a MBR as a cellulose-induced biofilm control strategy. For practical application of cellulase to MBR, a cellulolytic (i.e., cellulase-producing) bacterium, Undibacterium sp. DM-1, was isolated from a lab-scale MBR for wastewater treatment. Prior to its application to MBR, it was confirmed that the cell-free supernatant of DM-1 was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation and of detaching the mature biofilm of activated sludge and cellulose-producing bacteria. This suggested that cellulase could be an effective anti-biofouling agent for MBRs used in wastewater treatment. Undibacterium sp. DM-1-entrapping beads (i.e., cellulolytic-beads) were applied to a continuous MBR to mitigate membrane biofouling 2.2-fold, compared with an MBR with vacant-beads as a control. Subsequent analysis of the cellulose content in the biofilm formed on the membrane surface revealed that this mitigation was associated with an approximately 30% reduction in cellulose by cellulolytic-beads in MBR.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.451-456
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• 2010

A promising candidate material for a $H_2$ permeable membrane is SiC due to its many unique properties. A hydrogen-selective SiC membrane was successfully fabricated on the outer surface of an intermediate multilayer $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ with a graded structure. The $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ multilayer was formed on top of a macroporous $\alpha-Al_2O_3$ support by consecutively dipping into a set of successive solutions containing boehmite sols of different particle sizes and then calcining. The boehmite sols were prepared from an aluminum isopropoxide precursor and heated to $80^{\circ}C$ with high speed stirring for 24 hrs to hydrolyze the precursor. Then the solutions were refluxed at $92^{\circ}C$ for 20 hrs to form a boehmite precipitate. The particle size of the boehmite sols was controlled according to various experimental parameters, such as acid types and acid concentrations. The topmost SiC layer was formed on top of the intermediate $\gamma-Al_2O_3$ by pyrolysis of a SiC precursor, polycarbosilane, in an Ar atmosphere. The resulting amorphous SiC-on-$Al_2O_3$ composite membrane pyrolyzed at $900^{\circ}C$ possessed a high $H_2$ permeability of $3.61\times10^{-7}$ $mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}{\cdot}Pa^{-1}$ and the $H_2/CO_2$ selectivity was much higher than the theoretical value of 4.69 in all permeation temperature ranges. Gas permeabilities through a SiC membrane are affected by Knudsen diffusion and a surface diffusion mechanism, which are based on the molecular weight of gas species and movement of adsorbed gas molecules on the surface of the pores.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-82
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• 2001

By using a phenomenological approach, model equations incorporating the resistance-in¬series concept were established to evaluate quantitatively concentration polarization in the boundary layer in feed adjacent to the membrane surface in the vapor permeation and separation of volatile organic compounds (VOCS)/$N_2$ mixture through po]y(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane. The vapor permeations of various VOCS/$N_2$ mixtures through PDMS membrane were carried out at various feed flow rates. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as, methylene chloride, chlorofonn, 1,2-clichloroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane were used as organic vapor. By fitting the model equations to the experimental penneation data. the model parameters were detennined. respectively. Both the mass transfer coefficient of VOC across tbe boundary layer and concentration polarization modulus as a measure of the extent of concentration polarization were eitimated Quantitatively by the mooe1 equations with the determined model parameters. From the analysis on the detennined model parameters, the boundary layer resistance due to the concentration polarization of VOCs component was found to be more significant when the condensability of voe was greater. This study seeks to emphasize the importance of the boundary resistance on the vapor penneation of the vapor/gas mixtures with high permeability and high selectivity towards the minor component VOC.