• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.273.1-273.1
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• 2002

Temperature change is one of the major environmental factors to influence human skin. However. the relationship between temperature and melanogenesis has received little attention. In the present study. we investigated the effects of temperature change including heat shock on melanogenesis using a mouse melanocyte cell line, Mel-Ab. Our results demonstrated that cells maintained at 37$^{\circ}C$ showed maximal melanin synthesis. (omitted)

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2010

Natural products with non-toxic and environmentally friendly properties are good resources for skin-whitening cosmetic agents when compared to artificial synthetic chemicals. Here, we investigated the effect of glyceollin produced to induce disease resistance responses of soybean to specific races of an incompatible pathogen, phytophthora sojae, on melanogenesis and discussed their mechanisms in melanin biosynthesis. We found that glyceollin inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells without cytotoxicity. To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of glyceollin on melanogenesis, we conducted western blot analysis for melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and TRP-2. Glyceollin inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-1 protein expression. Additionally, glyceollin effectively inhibited intracellular cAMP levels in B16 melanoma cells stimulated by $\alpha$-melanocyte stimulating hormone ($\alpha$-MSH). These results suggest that the whitening activity of glyceollin may be due to the inhibition of cAMP involved in the signal pathway of $\alpha$-MSH in B16 melanoma cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2017

Vitiligo is an intriguing depigmentary disorder and is notoriously difficult to be treated. The ultimate goal of vitiligo treatment is to replenish the lost melanocytes by immigration from hair follicle and to restore the normal function of melanogenesis by residual melanocytes. There are two types of topical calcineurin inhibitors called tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, and are recommended as the first-line treatments in vitiligo. Although pimecrolimus is efficacious for the repigmentation of vitiligo, its intrinsic mechanisms have never been investigated in vitro. This research aimed to study the ability of pimecrolimus on stimulating melanogenesis, melanocyte migration and MITF (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) protein expression. Results showed that pimecrolimus at the dosages of 1, 10, $10^2$nM were neither mitogenic nor cytotoxic to melanocytes. The addition of pimecrolimus at 10, $10^2$ and $10^3nM$ significantly increased intracellular tyrosinase activity, which was consistent with the elevated content of melanin content at the same concentrations. The peak effect was seen at 72 h in response to $10^2$nM pimecrolimus. Results of the wound scratch assay and Transwell assays indicate that pimecrolimus is effective in facilitating melanocyte migration on a collagen IV-coated surface. In addition, MITF protein yield reached the highest by pimecrolimus at $10^2nM$. In brief, pimecrolimus enhances melanin synthesis as well as promotes migration of melanocytes directly, possibly via their effects on MITF protein expression.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.7-39
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• 2002

인체피부의 색소침착에 있어서 다양한 차이는 주로 표피의 멜라닌생성 세포에 의한 멜라닌 합성 비율, 합성된 eumelanin과 pheomelanin의 상대적인 양과 melanocyte에서 keratinocyte로 melanosomes의 이동 속도와 그 방법에서 기인된다. 색소침착은 유전적, 환경적으로 조절되어지는 복합적 특성이다. 많은 관심이 집중되었던 하나의 유전자인 melanocortin 1 receptor 유전자가 있다. 인간집단에서 이 유전자의 다앙한 polymorphism은 색소침착의 다양성에 있어서 중요하다. 자외선(UV)에 대한 노출은 다양한 성장 요인, cytokines과 호르몬의 합성이 증가되고, 표피에서 그들 수용체들의 환경적응등이 나타난다. 색소침착 조절에 관한 정보는 과다색소 침착된 피부손상의 임상치료를 위한 전략들에서 이끌어 냈다. 주된 3개의 전략은 다음과 같다. 1) melanin 합성경로를 방해하는 화합물의 사용 2) eumelanin 합성을 조절하는 호르몬의 구조에서 기인된 peptides 또는 peptide-mimetics개발 3) melanocytes에서 keratinocytes로의 melanosome 이동을 감소시키는 물질의 개발. 이 모든 3가지의 전략은 각각 전체 멜라닌 합성, eumelanin 생성 또는 피부의 멜라닌 단위를 억제시킴으로 미백작용을 유도시킬 것으로 기대되어 진다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2006

본 연구는 택사의 화장품 원료로서의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 화장품의 기능들인 항산화, 미백, 세포 손상 회복 및 항염증과 관련된 다양한 실험을 실시하였다. 30, 70, 100% MeOH 용매로 추출한 택사 추출물들은 DPPH법으로 실시한 free radical scavenging assay에서 좋은 활성을 보여주었고, tyrosinase 활성 억제 시험에서도 0.5% 이상의 농도에서 농도 의존적인 활성을 보여주었다. Human fibroblast를 사용한 proliferation assay (MTT assay)에서 각 용매 추출물들은 별다른 효과를 보여주지 못했고 0.05% 이하의 농도에서는 세포 독성으로부터 안전하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Bl6 melanocyte를 사용한 melanin 생성 억제시험에서 각 용매별 추출물은 독성으로부터 안전한 0.05% 이하의 농도에서 melanin 생성을 40% 이상 억제하는 높은 활성을 보여주었다. 이후 우리는 택사 추출물의 MPLC분리 분획을 실시하여 세 가지 분획을 얻었으며 이들을 대상으로 세포 손상 회복시험과 melanin생성 억제 시험, 염증인자 생성 억제 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 분획물들 중 3번 분획물이 세포 손상 회복을 30% 이상 올려주는 좋은 결과를 보여주었고, melanin 생성 억제 시험과 COX-2 생성억제에서도 주목할만한 결과를 보여주었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2009

멜라닌 생합성을 활성화하여 자연스러운 모발의 흑화를 촉진할 수 있는 소재를 개발하기 위하여 음양곽 메탄올 추출물의 멜라닌 생성에 연관된 생리 활성을 분석하였다. 음양곽 추출물은 $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ 이하에서 세포 독성이 없는 것으로 확인 되었으며 $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 B16 melanoma 세포 내 멜라닌 생합성을 104 % 증가시켰고 tyrosinase의 활성을 95 % 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. Western blot을 이용한 실험에서는 음양곽 추출물이 농도 의존적으로 TRP-2의 발현을 증가시키는 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 C3H/Hej 마우스를 이용한 동물 실험에서 음양곽 추출물을 도포한 등 부위 털의 멜라닌 생합성이 5 % (w/v) 도포 시 25 % 증가되는 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 위의 결과를 통해 음양곽 메탄올 추출물이 멜라닌 생합성 기전에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 tyrosinase의 활성 촉진, 멜라닌 생합성 기전과 melanocyte 생존에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 TRP-2의 발현 증가를 통해 멜라닌 합성 촉진을 유도하는 것으로 추측해 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 음양곽 추출물의 효능을 이용해 모발의 흑화 촉진 효과를 나타내는 화장품 소재 개발이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2009

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant on the cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human skin melanocytes, colorimeric assay of XTT and tyrosinase activity assay were adopted after human skin melanocytes were preincubated for 2 hours in the media containing various concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before the treatment of hydrogen peroxide. Light microscopic study was carried out in same cultures. The results of this study were as follows 1. Cell viability of human skin melanocytes was significantly decreased by 30 and $40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), respectively. 2. XTT50 was determined at $30{\mu}M$ after human skin melanocytes were treated with $10{\sim}40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours. 3. The cell viability of cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD was increased than that of cultured human skin melanocytes treated with $H_2O_2$ dose-dependently. 4. In tyrosinase activity of human skin melanocytes, the cell treated with SOD showed brown stain compared with $H_2O_2$ treated cells, dark stain. 5. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes exposed to $H_2O_2$ showed morphological changes such as the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes, compared with control. 6. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD showed the increase of cell number and cytoplasmic processes compared with $H_2O_2-treated$ group. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress of ROS such as $H_2O_2$ has cytotoxicity by showing the decreased cell viability, the increased tyrosinase activity and mophological changes of the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes. While, antioxidant like SOD was effective in the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity by the increased cell viability, decreased tyrosinase activity and the protection of degenerative morphological changes in cultured human skin melanocytes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2016

Previous research showed that resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) and pinostilbene (trans-3-methoxy-4',5-dihydroxystilbene) were able to inhibit tyrosinase directly; however, anti-melanogenic effects of pterostilbene (trans-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) and resveratrol trimethyl ether (RTE) have not been compared. To investigate the hypopigmentation effects of pterostilbene and RTE, melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase activity were determined by western blot analysis. Firstly, pterostilbene showed the inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-induced melanin synthesis stronger than RTE, resveratrol, and arbutin. Pterostilbene inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated B16/F10 murine melanoma cells. Specifically, melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity were inhibited by 63% and 58%, respectively, in response to treatment with $10{\mu}m$ of pterostilbene. The results of western blot analysis indicated that pterostilbene induced downregulation of tyrosinase protein expression and suppression of ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melan-A protein expression stronger than RTE or resveratrol. Based on these results, our study suggests that pterostilbene can induce hypopigmentation effects more effectively than resveratrol and RTE, and it functions via downregulation of protein expression associated with hyperpigmentation in ${\alpha}$-MSH-triggered B16/F10 murine melanoma cells.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to research the whitening effects of fermentation extract made from the Rice bran and Dendropanax(FRD) Fermentation conditions were as follows; 1) Dendropanaxand and Rice bran were blended in a ratio of 1 to 1, 2) a weight of sugar was 10% of the total weight, 3) an amount of enzyme was 0.1%, and 4) a temperature was 20℃. It has been fermented for 90 days. In order to observe the whitening effects of FRD, the author measured the cell viability and the inhibition rate of the melanin biosynthesis, the activity of tyrosinase and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in malignant melanoma, B16F10 cells. As a result, FRD significantly inhibited the cell viability of B16F10 in more than 500 ㎍/㎖. FRD significantly suppressed the generation of melanin, and that induced by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in more than 1,000 ㎍/㎖. FRD significantly decreased the activity of tyrosinase and that induced by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in more than 500 ㎍/㎖. FRD did not changed the activity of SOD in dose dependent manner. Therefore, the author considered that the fermentation extract made from a Rice bran and Dendropanax will be able to produce high value-added products, if used as a commercial. Therefore, the author considered that the fermentation extract made from a Rice bran and Dendropanax will be able to produce high value-added products, if used as a commercial.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2020

In this study, the efficacy of melanoma cell B16F10 was investigated using the Korean native plant Oplismenus undulatifolius (OU). First, the cell viability of the extract was more than 90% when treated with 15 ㎍/mL of phenolics from OU. The results showed that melanin biosynthesis and cellular tyrosinase synthesis were inhibited by treatment with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated mouse melanoma cell B16F10 at a concentration of 15 ㎍/mL of phenolics for cell-line efficacy. The expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) protein was confirmed by western blot to investigate the effect of phenolics from OU on melanin biosynthesis. When treated with phenolics from OU 15 ㎍/mL, tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF decreased the protein expression level. In particular, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and MITF inhibited the production amount to a level similar to that of the non-treated normal group, indicating that the effect was excellent. Therefore, phenolics from OU acts as an inhibitor of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and its transcription factor MITF, and participates in melanin biosynthesis mechanism. These results suggested the potential for development as a material.