• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

There are increasing usage of Nickel-Titanium rotary files in modern clinical endodontic treatment because it is effective and faster than hand filing due to reduced step. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of canal preparations using 3 different rotary Nickel-Titanium files that has different cross sectional shape and taper on the maintenance of canal curvature. Simulated resin block were instrumented with Profile(Dentsply, USA), GT rotary files(Dentsply, USA), Hero 642(Micro-Mega France), and Pro-Taper(Dentsply, USA). The image of Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation were acquired using digital camera and overspreaded in the computer. Then the total differences of canal diameter, deviation at the outer portion of curvature, deviation at the inner portion of curvature, movement of center of the canal and the centering ratio at the pre-determined level from the apex were measured. Results were statistically analyzed by means of ANOVA, followed by Scheffe test at a significance level of 0.05. The results were as follows； 1. Deviation at the outer portion of curvature, deviation at the inner portion of curvature were showed largest in Pro-Taper so also did in the total differences of canal diameter(p＜0.05). 2. All the groups showed movements of center Profile combined with GT rotary files and Hero 642 has no difference but Pro-Taper showed the most deviation(p＜0.05). 3. At the 1, 2, 3mm level from the apex movements of center directed toward the outer portion of curvature, but in 4, 5 mm level directed toward the inner portion of curvature(p＜0.05). As a results of this study, it could be concluded that combined use of other Nickel-Titanium rotary files is strongly recommended when use Pro-Taper file because it could be remove too much canal structure and also made more deviation of canal curvature than others.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.377-396
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• 2014

There is a phenomenon that the consumers from all over the countries are using the Korean online shopping malls, which has settled as a distribution industry. To get the attention of the consumers from other countries, the marketing strategy is important in order for the online shopping malls to go advance abroad. The purpose of this study is to overview the Pinterest, which is a shopping-oriented Social Network Service (SNS) based on the image content. The Pinterest is a valuable online shopping mall marketing channel. By looking at the background growth and feature of service, the existence of the mega SNS as a center in the social business is to see how Pinterest is targeting a niche market. As a result of this study, Pinterest has the advantage against other SNS for joining with online shopping malls because a tendency of the traffic referrals from Pinterest is increasing and the average of the cost of the purchase is high. Therefore, this study is reflecting various cases of utilizing the online shopping malls. In conclusion, Pinterest represents an illustrative case of effective marketing channel of the online shopping malls.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2002

In recent decades, the characteristics of natural hazard has been changed and the global cost of natural disasters has increased substantially. There are several trends in society and nature that suggest this pattern may continue, with more frequent mega-disasters occurring in the future. In particular, risk perception that is at odds with the "real" risk underlies the process of risk transference increases long-term vulnerability. Therefore investigating the correct risk transference and adjustments according to regional socio-economic structure can mitigate and reduce environmental, so called man-made hazard.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of simulation-based training for advanced cardic life support on the competence of nurses in critical care settings. Methods: In this study, a nonequivalent control pretest-post test quasi-experimental design was used. Data were collected from May 1 to June 1, 2006 at one general hospital in W city. Among 40 nurses in critical care settings, twenty were assigned to the experimental group and twenty to the control group. Nurses in the experimental group received simulation-based training for advanced cardiac life support. Measurement tool were ACLS related knowledge and skills developed by AHA & Mega Code (2005) and some items were modified. The collected data were statistically processed using SPSS version 12.0 for Windows, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, $X^2$test, t-test, paired ttest, Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: 1) Hypothesis 1“: Nurses who received simulationbased training would have more knowledge of advanced cardiac life support than nurses who received traditional training”, was supported (t=11.51, p=.00). 2) Hypothesis 2: “Nurses who received simulation-based training would have better advanced cardiac life support skills than nurses who received traditional training”, was supported (t=2.38, p=.00). Conclusion: Simulation-based training for advanced cardiac life support is an effective strategy for increasing the competence of nurses in advanced cardiac life support in critical care settings.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.208-219
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• 2023

Recently, as mega-urbanization progresses, urban logistics centered on large cities is growing rapidly, and logistics transportation is increasing due to the lack of logistics infrastructure and the operation of a delivery system using cargo trucks in the city center. being cited as a cause. In order to solve this problem, domestic researchers are conducting research on the development of " Urban Underground railway Logistics System" that minimizes the initial infrastructure construction cost by utilizing the existing urban railway facilities in the city. Therefore, this paper analyzed the usage environment of the actual urban railway station to which the system will be applied in order to derive candidates for the test bed selection of "Urban Underground railway Logistics System". The evaluation criteria for test bed candidate role selection were established, and the candidate group derived from the Brown & Gibson model was used to evaluate the candidate group and derive the candidate role. A review of the results was conducted to contribute to the establishment of a test bed for the " Urban Underground railway Logistics System" under development.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41.1-41.9
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• 2022

The pathogen Gallibacterium anatis has caused heavy economic losses for commercial poultry farms around the world. However, despite its importance, the functions of its hypothetical proteins (HPs) have been poorly characterized. The present study analyzed the functions and structures of HPs obtained from Gallibacterium anatis (NCTC11413) using various bioinformatics tools. Initially, all the functions of HPs were predicted using the VICMpred tool, and the physicochemical properties of the identified virulence proteins were then analyzed using Expasy's ProtParam server. A virulence protein (WP_013745346.1) that can act as a potential drug target was further analyzed for its secondary structure, followed by homology modeling and three-dimensional (3D) structure determination using the Swiss-Model and Phyre2 servers. The quality assessment and validation of the 3D model were conducted using ERRAT, Verify3D, and PROCHECK programs. The functional and phylogenetic analysis was conducted using ProFunc, STRING, KEGG servers, and MEGA software. The bioinformatics analysis revealed 201 HPs related to cellular processes (n = 119), metabolism (n = 61), virulence (n = 11), and information/storage molecules (n = 10). Among the virulence proteins, three were detected as drug targets and six as vaccine targets. The characterized virulence protein WP_013745346.1 is proven to be stable, a drug target, and an enzyme related to the citrate cycle in the present pathogen. This enzyme was also found to facilitate other metabolic pathways, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and the biosynthesis of amino acids.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2023

This study investigated whether the Point of attachment (POA) theory can be used to measure the consumption intention on go and watch offline eSports games. The admiration for players, social interaction, and on-site consumption requirements for viewing offline eSports competitions are prioritized. In addition, eSports fans in various regions may have distinct consumption concepts and consumption patterns. Thus, this study surveyed China (n = 156) and South Korea (n = 127) eSports fans who subjectively perceive themselves to be fans of eSports player(s) and who have observed at least one offline eSports game. The results demonstrate that player attraction and socialization have positive and significant effects on offline consumption factors. There is no correlation between previous consumption behavior and satisfaction, but dining shows a significant positive effect on satisfaction. Moreover, there is a strong relationship between satisfaction and future attendance intention. In addition, effect of eSports fan attachment on future visit intentions are measured and there is no correlation between the two variables. The front end of the path in the new model's varied between Chinese and Korean supporters. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.12a
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• pp.159-176
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• 1997

This paper deals with demand surveys for big science and technology research facilities and equipments to advance national S'||'&'||'T research infrastructure. We perform surveys thrice based on applied Delphi method on the future demand of big S'||'&'||'T research facilities and equipments among Korean scientists and engineers. We employ the concept of big S'||'&'||'T research facilities and equipments as follows: \circled1 The operating size of it is equivalent to that of an institute or research center, and/or \circled2 The users in various disciplines are many, and/or \circled3 The application areas or spill-over effects are large, and/or \circled4 The scale and scope of research objects is equivalent to that of mega science area such as earth.oceanography.space, and/or \circled5 The expenses for installing and operating it are to be supported by government, and/or \circled5 The facilities are expected as necessary for international joint research, and/or \circled7 It is necessary for promoting creative basic science and developing creative technology. We ask the respondents to answer the following questionnaire: - How to prioritize the equipments according to the degree of importance\ulcorner $\square$ Promotion of basic science and mega science, the development of the technologies to enhance the public welfare, the competitiveness of industrial technologies, the job creation for the S'||'&'||'T personnel, and international cooperation. - Who should be in charge of acquisition and operation of the equipments\ulcorner $\square$ Industry, Government Research Institutes, Academy, ERC and SRC. - When shall we acquire the equipment\ulcorner $\square$ Within 2000, 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017. - How shall we acquire the equipments\ulcorner $\square$ International Joint Development, Domestic Development, Acquisition from Overseas, - How much will the equipment generate spill-over effects to national competitiveness\ulcorner $\square$ Promotion of basic science, contribution to the economy, supply of S'||'&'||'T personnel, and international cooperation. We suggest the following equipments as prioritized candidates after consulting the officers from MOST, MOE, MIC, MOEN and experts from KBSI and STEPI:(table omitted) where, #1, Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor, #2. 800 MHz Superconduction Fourier-Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer, #3. Ion Accelerator, #4. Seismic Test Facility, #5. Transonic Wind Tunnel, #6. Radio Telescope for Very Long Baseline Interferometer, #7. 3000t Universal(or Large Structure) Testing Machine, #8. Compost Facility or Plasma Pyrolysis Facility.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.743-758
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• 2014

It has widely been recognized that the EXPO 2012 Yeosu Korea was a succeeded mega event, according to, at least, the international media's attention and reports. This study analysed and compared the trends of the international media's reports on Yeosu in terms of before, preparing, during, and, after periods of the event, through a semantic network analysis. It was revealed that the images of Yeosu have dramatically been upgraded. The city of Yeosu, before the event, was a small port city of South Korea's southern part of peninsula. The city, after the nomination for the next host city of the exposition, was described to a city who had a full potentiality to host a world exposition, not a southern port city of South Korea. After the event was opened, Yeosu was a city of cutting-edge technology and cultural creativity, who had contributed to solve our humankind's pending ecological problems. Even after the events closed, Yeosu was continuously impressed as a ex-city of world exposition, a hub city of Asia trade, and a center for marine ecological restoration. It was suggested that extended monitoring, differentiated communication strategies, long-term planning, and professionalization of the staffs.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.171-181
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• 2018

As the proportion of sports events in the sports industry grows, the official sponsor market for sports events is also increasing. But because official sponsors are limited and expensive, some companies approach sporting events by way of Ambush marketing. This study is to analyze the differences of media exposure between official sponsors and general companies of mega sport events. To accomplish the purpose of the study, we collected text articles and analyzed them from the period of 2016 Rio Olympics, one year before the Olympics and one year after the Olympics. Web crawling was performed using Python for the collection of articles. Morphological and frequency analysis was performed using the KoNLP package and the TM package of statistical program R. In addition, the opinions of the related experts group were gathered to classify the companies or organizations in the media as the Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games(OCOGs), official sponsor, and general companies. As a result of the analysis, 5,220 times appeared related to the OCOGs, 7,845 times appeared related to the official sponsor, and 7,028 times appeared related to general companies. There isn't much difference in the frequency of exposure between official sponsors and general companies. It implies that Ambush marketing is recognized as a strategic marketing technique. The International Olympic Committee(IOC) has to recognize these social phenomena and establish reasonable standards for the marketing activities of official sponsors and general companies. And this study will serve as a basis for fair sponsor activities or marketing activities of sports events.