• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine spatial composition elements of the public sector through medium-sized first class urban hotels of Korea and Japan, the two countries with geopolitical closeness and high cultural and economic correlation, and to provide data needed for devising future urban hotel plans. The scope of this study included case studies on medium-sized first class urban hotels (10 urban hotels with concours composition type in the public sector) located in downtowns of Korea (5 hotels) and Japan (5 hotels). The study was conducted by analysis of drawing based on review of preceding studies and literature, and on-site survey. The results of survey and analysis on physical spatial elements shown in medium-sized urban hotels of Korea and Japan with concours composition type among composition types in the public sector are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing spatial elements of medium-sized urban hotels in the public sector, an in-depth checklist must be prepared with consideration on intimate correlation between elements to devise a construction spatial plan for urban hotel in the future. Second, as a result of comparatively analyzing area ratio for each function (public sector, sales sector and service sector) through area analysis on the lower floors of medium-sized urban hotels, reference data for planning were found in regards to spatial composition ratio of the public sector. Third, as a result of analyzing spatial elements of lobby hall and traffic line of visitors on the lower floors of medium-sized urban hotels in the public sector, there was a substantial difference between hotels of Korea and Japan.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.111-118
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• 2016

The medium used for bottle cultivation of mushrooms is made according to a specific workflow; this includes mixing the raw materials, adjusting the moisture content, placing the mixture into bottles, and sterilizing and cooling the medium. Medium composition should be kept constant throughout the year. placed in the bottle, choice of materials, moisture content, weight of the medium, bulk density, nitrogen content, three-phase medium, such as suitable conditions. To achieve constant medium composition a comprehensive model has been established in accordance with the technology developed in the work process with respect to medium compositions piecemeal. By comprehensively applying the various methods to establish medium composition, our country can expect to grow at over four seasons and overcome the many difficulties in mushroom mycelial growth periods, cultivation periods, quantity, and quality.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.959-964
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• 2009

Production of the antioxidant substances by Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD was investigated using shake-flask fermentation. The one-factor-at-a-time method was first employed to determine the key ingredients for optimal medium composition, then further investigation of the medium composition was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays. After screening various elements, fructose, tryptone, and $MgSO_4\;7H_2O$ were chosen as the main factors for study in the statistical experimental design. Central composite design (CCD) was then used to determine the optimal concentrations of these 3 components. Under the proposed optimized medium containing 2.8% fructose, 1.34% tryptone, 0.015% $MgSO_4\;7H_2O$), 0.5% NaCl, and 0.25% $K_2HPO_4$, the model predicted an antioxidant activity of 80.5% ($R^2=0.9421$. The actual experimental results were in agreement with the prediction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.449-456
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to optimize medium composition of initial pH, tryptone, glucose, yeast extract, and mineral mixture for production of bacteriocin by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, using response surface methodology. A response surface approach including new statistical and plotting methods was employed for design and analysis of the experiment. An interiorly augmented central composite design was used as an experimental design. A normal-distribution log-link generalized linear model based on a subset fourth-order polynomial ($R^2$=0.94, Mean Error Deviance=0.0065) was used as an analysis model. This model was statistically superior to the full second-order polynomial-based generalized linear model ($R^2$=0.80, Mean Error Deviance=0.0140). Nonlinear programming determined the optimum composition of the medium as initial pH 6.35, typtone $1.21\%$, glucose $0.9\%$, yeast extract $0.65\%$, and mineral mixture $1.17\%$. A validation experiment confirmed that the optimized medium was comparable to the MRS medium in bacteriocin production, having the advantage of economy and practicality.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 2015

Fructooligosaccharides have been mainly produced by microbial fructosyltransferases (FTase) enzymes. The present work focuses on the optimization of medium composition and cultivation parameters affecting FTase produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum AUMC 5605 in shake flask cultivation. FTase production was optimized in two steps using DeMeo's fractional factorial design. A 1.46-fold increase in FTase production (105.4 U/mL) was achieved using the optimized culture medium consisting of (g/L): sucrose, 600; yeast extract, 10; $K_2HPO_4$, 5; $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, 0.5; $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 1.0 and KCl, 0.5. The obtained results showed that the maximum FTase enzyme activity was produced at initial cultivation pH values ranging from 6.0-6.5, at agitation speed of 200 rpm and using vegetative fungal cells as inoculum. Moreover, results showed that optimization of medium composition and some cultivation parameters resulted in an increase of about 93.7% in the enzyme activity than the nonoptimized cultivation conditions after 96 h of cultivation. Additionally, maximum production and specific production rates recorded 2340 U/L/h and 102 U/L/h/g cells, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.278-280
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• 2005

To obtain cytochrome $c_3$ labeled with a stable isotope, the conditions of cultivation and the composition of medium for DvMF were examined. The growth of DvMF was steady and reproducible under purging with $N_2$ and under pH control. DvMF was able to go on a defined medium without natural products. The composition of medium containing a small amount of $NH_4C$l as sole nitrogen source was established. Then, uniformly $^{15}N$labeled cytochrome $c_3$ was obtained during the culture of DvMF in a defined medium with $^{15}NH_4$Cl; it was confirmed by $^1H-^{15}N$ HMQC.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.506-509
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• 2000

To obtain Cytochrome $c_3$ labeled with a stable isotope, the conditions of cultivation and the composition of medium for DvMF were examined. The growth of DvMF was steady and reproducible under purging with $N_2$ and under pH control. DvMF was able to go on a defined medium without natural products. The composition of the medium containing a small amount of $NH_4Cl$ as sole nitrogen source was established. Then, uniformly $^{15}N-labeled$ Cytochrome $c_3$ was obtained during the culture of DvMF in a defined medium with $^{15}NH_4Cl$; it was confirmed by $^{1}H-^{15}N$ HMQC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1236-1241
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• 2007

Five fusion proteins between Z domains derived from Staphylococcal Protein A and Green Fluorescent Protein or Human Proinsulin were produced on the periplasm of Escherichia coli. The effects of the molecular weight and amino acid composition of the translocated peptide, culture medium composition, and growth phase of the bacterial culture were analyzed regarding the expression and periplasmic secretion of the recombinant proteins. It was found that secretion was not affected by the size of the translocated peptide (17-42 kDa) and that the highest periplasmic production values were obtained on the exponential phase of growth. Moreover, the highest periplasmic values were obtained in minimal medium, showing the relevance of the culture medium composition on secretion. In silico prediction analysis suggested that with respect to the five proteins used in this study, those that are prone to form ${\alpha}$-helix structures are more translocated to the periplasm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.717-725
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• 2021

This study aimed to optimize medium composition and culture conditions for enhancing the biomass of Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 using statistical methods. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method was used to screen the six carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, lactose, and galactose) and six nitrogen sources (peptone, tryptone, soytone, yeast extract, beef extract, and malt extract). Based on the OFAT results, six factors were selected for the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) to evaluate whether the variables had significant effects on the biomass. Maltose, yeast extract, and soytone were assessed as critical factors and therefore applied to response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal medium composition by RSM was composed of 31.29 g/l maltose, 30.27 g/l yeast extract, 39.43 g/l soytone, 5 g/l sodium acetate, 2 g/l K₂HPO₄, 1 g/l Tween 80, 0.1 g/l MgSO₄·7H₂O, and 0.05 g/l MnSO₄·H₂O, and the maximum biomass was predicted to be 3.951 g/l. Under the optimized medium, the biomass of L. plantarum 200655 was 3.845 g/l, which was similar to the predicted value and 1.58-fold higher than that of the unoptimized medium (2.429 g/l). Furthermore, the biomass increased to 4.505 g/l under optimized cultivation conditions. For lab-scale bioreactor validation, batch fermentation was conducted with a 5-L bioreactor containing 3.5 L of optimized medium. As a result, the highest yield of biomass (5.866 g/l) was obtained after 18 h of incubation at 30℃, pH 6.5, and 200 rpm. In conclusion, mass production by L. plantarum 200655 could be enhanced to obtain higher yields than that in MRS medium

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.603-613
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• 2021

This research improved the growth potential of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis strain JNU306, a commercial medium that is appropriate for large-scale production, in yeast extract, soy peptone, glucose, L-cysteine, and ferrous sulfate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the components of this medium, using a central composite design and subsequent analyses. A second-order polynomial regression model, which was fitted to the data at first, significantly lacked fitness. Thus, through further analyses, the model with linear and quadratic terms plus two-way, three-way, and four-way interactions was selected as the final model. Through this model, the optimized medium composition was found as 2.8791% yeast extract, 2.8030% peptone soy, 0.6196% glucose, 0.2823% L-cysteine, and 0.0055% ferrous sulfate, w/v. This optimized medium ensured that the maximum biomass was no lower than the biomass from the commonly used blood-liver (BL) medium. The application of RSM improved the biomass production of this strain in a more cost-effective way by creating an optimum medium. This result shows that B. animalis subsp lactis JNU306 may be used as a commercial starter culture in manufacturing probiotics, including dairy products.