• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2011

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was done to compare Sasang Constitution diagnostic rate between taking Sasang Constitution herb medicine patients and non taking group. 2. Methods: We collected data from 430 patients who were visited at the Department of Sasang Constitution, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-eui University from November 2006 to September 2010. We classified them into two group. One was taking Sasang Constitution herb medicine patients group, the other was non taking group. For Sasang Constitution Diagnosis, they all have done SSCQ-P questionnaire. and a Sasang Constitution specialist diagnosed constitution. According to reactions after taking herb medicine, the patients of taking group were confirmed their constitutions. We checked Sasang Constitution diagnostic rate from each groups'(the whole subjects, taking herb medicine patients group, non taking herb medicine patients group) discriminant function. And to find out Sasang Constitution diagnostic rate, we applied discriminant functions to each other. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) The whole subjects' diagnostic accuracy rate was 72.07%. 2) Taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy Rate was 75.08%. Non taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy rate applied taking group's discriminant function was 61.60%. 3) Non taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy rate was 81.06%. Taking herb medicine group's diagnostic accuracy rate applied taking group's discriminant function was 57.14%.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1999

We sometimes directed taking medicine by using decoction of Jujubae Fructus in taking herbs medicine. And I studied meaning on using decoction of Jujubae Fructus in taking herbs medicine. The obtained results were follows: 1. In taking medicine by using decoction of Jujubae Fructus, chief effect positions of that prescription were heart, spleen, stomach, and kidney. 2. In taking medicine by using decoction of Jujubae Fructus, chief treatment symptoms were heart throb, sleeplessness, reddish turbid urine, retention of phlegm and fluid, retention of fluid in the body, weakness. 3. In taking medicine by using decoction of Jujubae Fructus, chief pathogenic factors of that prescription were deficiency syndroms of the heart, retention of phlegm and fluid, retention of fluid in the body, consumptive disease, weakness.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

Objective The purpose of this study was to provide appropriate methods of taking decoction in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Methods We investigated the methods of taking decoction written in Lee Je-ma's writings such as "Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)", "Donguisusebowon-Sasangchobongwon(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", "Dongmuyoogo(東武遺稿)" and several papers which related to methods of taking decoction. Results and Conclusions The effects of decoction can be affected by the methods of taking decoction. Therefore, when administering decoction of Sasang Constitutional Medicine to the patient, we should consider the stages of disease and condition of patient. This paper shows the appropriate methods of taking decoction in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Further studies should be needed to find out the appropriate administration methods of various dosage forms.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2019

Objective : We searched and collected the various ways of taking medicine in Naegyeong, Dongeuibogam and studied the possibilities to apply the traditional ways of taking medicine to the current way of taking medicine. Method : We collected all the ways of taking medicine in Naegyeong and classified the ways according to the relative importance, urgency, pathosis, time of disease, and, the conditions of patients. Result : Medicinal forms are decoction, pills, trituration, and thin porridge. Various kinds of water and the prepared rice forms were used. A single herb was boiled and its water was used to take the medicine. Also, liquor and honey were used to take medicine. More than two herbs or special prescriptions were boiled and the extract water was taken. The same medicine was taken by different boiled water according to the condition and age of a patient, time, acute or chronic illness, and, severe or mild disease. Conclusion : There are a lot of pills and trituration prescriptions in Naegyeong, Dongeuibogam. Water, various rice preparations, and several herbs are used to take these prescriptions. The reason is that these ways of taking medicine promote the medicinal effect and fast treatment to maximize the medicinal effects. From now on, the in-depth and mutilple studies are needed based on this research.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2001

This is a study on the methods of taking prescriptions in SANGHANRON (傷寒論), and after this, numbers of results have been obtained. SANGHANRON was written by Chang-Ki (張機) in the 2nd century, so it reflexes the usage of prescriptions of previous age indirectly. And gave affects on the methods of taking prescriptions to the oriental medicine doctors of next generation. Before Han-Dynasty (漢代), there were not so many publications connected with Oriental Medicine. Besides, some books couldn't hand down to next generation due to the gap of time and space. As time goes by, letters in medical books changed little by little, so contents connected with taking decoctions changed too. The effects of decoction and herb tea can be changed by the flexibility of methods of taking medicines, so we have to decide what kinds of taking methods should be taken and adapted to patients by the most effective way. There are many kind of methods of taking decocted prescriptions in SANGHANRON, so Chang-Ki selected the most appropriate method considering degree and position of disease and condition of patient. But nowadays, due to inconvenient procedure of taking medicines, some methos are not in common in clinical medicin. So this study was started to look back upon the changes of taking prescriptions and gave effort to find out the propriety of variation of taking prescriptions. In SANGHANRON, many kinds of taking prescriptions appeared from once a day to six times a day, except these, some prescriptions have to be taken little by little. These methods of taking prescriptions simplified as time pass by, but this change may give influence to the effect of medicine and finally we can't gain expected therapeutic value. So we have to distinguish the methods -though complicated and troublesome- in clinical medicine to make perfection more perfect in treating patients, and further studies have to be followed to prove the propriety of these methods.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.191-210
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• 2000

The Literatual Study on Treatment of Toothbleeding Through the literatual study on treatment of toothbleeding, we concluded as follows, 1. The causes of the toothbleeding are divided into heat of stomach (胃熱) and deficiency of renal (腎虛). If caused by heat of stomach, the treatment methods are Ryang-Hyul-Ji-Hyul(凉血止血), Cheong-Yul-Sa-Hwa(淸熱瀉火). If caused by deficiency of renal, the treatment methods are Ryang-Hyul-Ji-Hyul(凉血止血), Ja-Eum-Gang-Hwa(滋陰降火). 2. The medications are several - taking a medicine for internal use(內服法), keeping with one's mouth full of an infusion and spoutting it Haamsoobup(含漱法), and others like taking a medicine for external use(外用法) only. 3. The treatment drugs divided by medication are as follows : Taking a medicine for internal use : Cheongwesan(淸胃散), Gamroeum(甘露飮), Joweseunggitang(調胃承氣湯), Seogagjihwangtang(犀角地黃湯), Yugmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯), Palrnihwan(八味丸), Soansinhwan(小安腎丸) etc... Haamsoobup : Gudogeum(救毒飮), Jihwangtang(地黃湯), Mangchosan(莽章散) etc... Taking a medicine for external use : Pilseungsan(必勝散), Rogposan(綠包散, Hyunggeousan(荊槐散), Bingoksan(氷玉散), Sahyangsan(麝香散), Ulgeumsan(鬱金散), Yongnoisan(龍腦激) are used. 4. A coposition of the medication : Cheong-Yul medicine(淸熱藥), Bo-IK medicine(補益藥), Ji-Hyul medicine(止血藥), Gae-Gyu medicine(開竅藥), Su-sap medicine(收澁藥) are mainly used. Cheong-Yul medicine : Rehmanniae Radix(鮮地黃), Moutan Cotex(牧丹皮), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩) Bo-Ik medicine : Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Angelicae gigantis Radix(當歸), Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(熟地黃), Ginseng Radix(人蔘) Ji-Hyul medicine : Biotae Cacumen(側柏葉), Sophorae Flos(槐花), Typhae Pollen(蒲黃) Gae-Gyu medicine : Moschus(麝香), Bomeolum(氷片) Su-sap medicine : Alumem(白礬) 5. A result of the observation on the medication : Taking a medicine for internal use : Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Rehmanniae Radix, Moutan Cortex, Scutellariae Radix are used. Yugmijihwangtang and Cheong-Yul medicine are mainly used. Taking a medicine for external use : Alumem, Moschus, Salt(鹽), Asari herba cum Radice(細辛) are mainly used. Especially there is a method that uses a burnt drug. Haamsoobup and taking a medicine for external use : Medicines of Cheong-Yul-Ryang-Hyul(淸熱凉血) and Su-Ryum-Ji-Hyul(收斂止血) are used.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2009

Evidences from various countries suggest that toxic heavy metals in herbal medicine may constitute a serious health problem. In order to evaluate whether the toxic heavy metals caused by herbal medicine intake, blood samples collected from 222 patients taking herbal medicine were analyzed. In average levels of analyzed metals, $0.4{\sim}33.9%$ of total samples for 8 metals such as Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn except Cr and Fe exceeded the upper limit for WHO reference value. In analysis of regression coefficients indicating the levels of metals increased or decreased after taking herbal medicine for one month, however, there were different aspects by intake types for herbal medicine. For example, the metals increased by taking decoction in blood samples were as follows; Cd and Pb whether Mn, Ni and Pb as increased metals were identified in the group taking pill and decoction(combined intake group). The odds ratio showing values higher than 1 indicating that people who take herbal medicine would have possibility higher for metal accumulation in blood than that from people who do not take herbal medicine. The metals showing the odds ratio higher than 1 were Hg and Ni in decoction group, and Cd and Hg in combined intake group. However, eight of the total, 10 metals showed the odds ratios lower than 1 by taking herbal medicine. Thus, this may explain the possible role of herbal medicine as a chelator for heavy metals in body.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.95-95
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine housewives' knowledge level of herb medicine and its related factors in Korea. Data were collected from 667 housewives from April 1, 1999 to June 30, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 29.1$\%$ of the subjects was over fifties. 28.6$\%$ was primary school graduate. while 25.5$\%$ was high school graduate. In case of job, the unemployed was 67.0$\%$ and professional／clerical worker was 19.6$\%$. 82.0$\%$ had spouses and 45.7$\%$ believed in Buddha. 50.8$\%$ of the subjects lived in big cities and 76.7$\%$ was the middle class. In case of their health condition, 33.4$\%$ was in good health, while 5 1.1$\%$ suffered from certain diseases and 43.9$\%$ was not satisfied with health conditions. 2. The proportion of experience in taking herb medicine was 86.4$\%$. The marital status and health condition were significantly related to the experience in taking herb medicine. When the respondents took diseases, 68.0$\%$ of them were experienced in folk remedy. The variables of age and religion were significantly related to experience in folk remedy. 3. According to the respondents opinions of the effect of the folk remedy, 'effective' was 78.5$\%$ and 'common' was 17.6$\%$, while 'not effective' was 3.9$\%$. 59.3$\%$ of the respondents thought that the folk remedy had scientific basis. 4. In case of information sources on herb medicine, 59.7$\%$ of the respondents obtained the information from TV or Radio. 13.7$\%$ of them got it from magazines related to Oriental medicine and 13.3$\%$ of them obtained it from newspapers or related books. The information sources were significantly related to age and health condition. The knowledge level of herb medicine was 20.76${\pm}$2.66 point on the basis of 30 points. The knowledge level was significantly related to age, occupation, health condition, information sources, experience in taking herb medicine, and opinions of scientific basis of the folk remedy. 5. The respondents marked 2.23${\pm}$0.64 points on the basis of 3.0 points in the question of the effect of taking herb medicine in summer, 2.30${\pm}$0.61 points in the question of the relationship between taking deer antlers and becoming clear-headed, 2.72${\pm}$0.56 points in the question of ginseng, 2.51${\pm}$0.56 points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and being harmful to the liver, 1.94${\pm}$0.74 points in the question of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, 1.84${\pm}$0.78 points in the question of the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, 2.00${\pm}$0.83 points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and getting fat, 1.76${\pm}$0.89 points in the question of the relationship between Ssanghwatang and cold, 2.15${\pm}$0.76 points in the question of taking honey, and 1.45${\pm}$0.77 points in the question of selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine. 6. The factors influencing decision of taking herb medicine were experience of taking herb medicine, intention of receiving treatment by folk remedy, occupation, health condition, and age. As seen in the above results, the knowledge level of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, Ssanghwatang, honey, and selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine was very low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education programs in order to provide community residents with basic knowledge of herb medicine. In doing so, the government, Oriental medical doctors, and associations related to herb medicine must make great efforts.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.96-116
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine housewives' knowledge level of herb medicine and its related factors in Korea. Data were collected from 667 housewives from April 1, 1999 to June 30, 1999. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. According to general characteristics of the subjects, 29.1% of the subjects was over fifties. 28.6% was primary school graduate. while 25.5% was high school graduate. In case of job, the unemployed was 67.0% and professional／clerical worker was 19.6%. 82.0% had spouses and 45.7% believed in Buddha. 50.8% of the subjects lived in big cities and 76.7% was the middle class. In case of their health condition, 33.4% was in good health, while 51.1% suffered from certain diseases and 43.9% was not satisfied with health conditions. 2. The proportion of experience in taking herb medicine was 86.4%. The marital status and health condition were significantly related to the experience in taking herb medicine. When the respondents took diseases, 68.0% of them were experienced in folk remedy. The variables of age and religion were significantly related to experience in folk remedy. 3. According to the respondents opinions of the effect of the folk remedy, 'effective' was 78.5% and 'common' was 17.6%, while 'not effective' was 3.9%. 59.3% of the respondents thought that the folk remedy had scientific basis. 4. In case of information sources on herb medicine, 59.7% of the respondents obtained the information from TV or Radio. 13.7% of them got it from magazines related to Oriental medicine and 13.3% of them obtained it from newspapers or related books. The information sources were significantly related to age and health condition. The knowledge level of herb medicine was $20.76{\pm}2.66$ point on the basis of 30 points. The knowledge level was significantly related to age, occupation, health condition, information sources, experience in taking herb medicine, and opinions of scientific basis of the folk remedy. 5. The respondents marked $2.23{\pm}0.64$ points on the basis of 3.0 points in the question of the effect of taking herb medicine in summer, $2.30{\pm}0.61$ points in the question of the relationship between taking deer antlers and becoming clear-headed, $2.72{\pm}0.56$ points in the question of ginseng, $2.51{\pm}0.56$ points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and being harmful to the liver, $1.94{\pm}0.74$ points in the question of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, $1.84{\pm}0.78$ points in the question of the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, $2.00{\pm}0.83$ points in the question of the relationship between taking herb medicine and getting fat, $1.76{\pm}0.89$ points in the question of the relationship between Ssanghwatang and cold, $2.15{\pm}0.76$ points in the question of taking honey, and $1.45{\pm}0.77$ points in the question of selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine. 6. The factors influencing decision of taking herb medicine were experience of taking herb medicine, intention of receiving treatment by folk remedy, occupation, health condition, and age. As seen in the above results, the knowledge level of taking herb medicine during the period of pregnancy, the relationship between menstrual irregularity and motherwort, Ssanghwatang, honey, and selecting foods during the period of taking herb medicine was very low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop education programs in order to provide community residents with basic knowledge of herb medicine. In doing so, the government, Oriental medical doctors, and associations related to herb medicine must make great efforts.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2014

Objectives Risk taking has been implicated in the development of various psychiatric disorders. Previous studies have indicated that risk taking behavior is associated with high levels of impulsiveness. Risk taking entail uncertain situation that outcome probability is unknown. This study tested impulsivity, intolerance of uncertainty and risk taking behavior. Methods A total of 73 participants completed a test battery comprised of the UPPS-P scale as a psychometric measurement of five dimensions of impulsivity, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) as a behavioral measure of risk taking. The Pearson correlation analysis was used. Results The sensation seeking factor was positively correlated with BART measure (r = 0.27, p = 0.02). Specifically, the relationship between sensation seeking and BART was significant in females. Conclusions Among the five factors of UPPS-P, only the sensation seeking factor predicts risk taking propensity.