• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.519-524
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• 2013

This study investigated the effect of breast-feeding in protection against protozoan infection in infants with persistent diarrhea. Infants were classified into 2 groups; 161 breast-fed infants and the same number of non-breast-fed infants. Microscopic examinations of stool were done for detection of parasites and measuring the intensity of infection. Moreover, serum levels of IgE and TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured by ELISA. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis sp. were demonstrated in infants with persistent diarrhea. The percentage of protozoan infections was significantly lower in breast-fed infants than that in the non-breast-fed infants. The levels of IgE and TNF-${\alpha}$ were significantly lower in the breast-fed group than in the non-breast-fed group. There were significant positive associations between the serum levels of IgE and TNF-${\alpha}$ and the intensity of parasite infection in the breast-fed group. It is suggested that breast-feeding has an attenuating effect on the rate and intensity of parasite infection.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

This study investigated faculty perceptions of the improvement and effort for achievement of the quality of nursing education through accreditation in baccalaureate nursing programs in 2006. Survey data from 190 professors of 33 accredited nursing schools were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver. 19.0 software with descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA. Through accreditation, about two-thirds of subjects perceived that the quality of education had 'improved' and the purposes of the accreditation were moderately successfully achieved (score 3.50). They also perceived their schools made a strong attempt (score 4.24) to assure quality. The perception scores of efforts to assure the quality of education varied significantly according to the characteristics of the subjects, the existence of a university hospital, the type of college, and the year of school founding. There were significant differences between the level of improvement in education and the extent of effort to assure the quality of education. Accreditation contributed to improved quality of nursing education except for some issues which need more consideration. To maintain high quality, the accreditation of baccalaureate nursing programs should be performed with continuity and on a regular basis.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.360-364
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• 2001

It is known as the allylisothiocyanate which is extracted from Wasabia koreana\\\\\\\\`s root. It contains 80% of the oil refining material. The allylisothiocyanate as secondary metabolites of Wasabia koreana plant is a possibility of having the high value which is useful. The research observed the allylisothiocyanate material as the basic study for industrializing to make its mass product. Finally, it shows that the antimicrobial and disinfectant effect against the microbe incubated adding 50 ppm allylisothiocyanate for 15 hours.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.496-502
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• 2006

Off-flavors and unfavorable odors in tuna fish oil were successfully removed and identified using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, while retaining variable compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Samples of oil were extracted in a 100 mL semi-batch stainless steel vessel under conditions which ranged from 8 to 20 MPa and $20\;to\;60^{\circ}C$ with solvent ($CO_{2}$) flows from 10 g/min. GC-MS was used to identify the main volatile components contributing to the off-flavors and odors which included 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2,4-hexadienal, cyclopropane, and octadiene. Analyses of oil extracted at $40^{\circ}C$, 20 MPa showed a 99.8% reduction in dimethyl disulfide. Other significant off-flavors identified were 2-methyl-butene, 3-hydroxy butanal and ethylbenzene.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.860-880
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• 2024

Breast cancer is a major health concern affecting women and men globally. Early detection and accurate classification of breast cancer are vital for effective treatment and survival of patients. This study addresses the challenge of accurately classifying breast tumors using machine learning classifiers such as MLP, AdaBoostM1, logit Boost, Bayes Net, and the J48 decision tree. The research uses a dataset available publicly on GitHub to assess the classifiers' performance and differentiate between the occurrence and non-occurrence of breast cancer. The study compares the 10-fold and 5-fold cross-validation effectiveness, showing that 10-fold cross-validation provides superior results. Also, it examines the impact of varying split percentages, with a 66% split yielding the best performance. This shows the importance of selecting appropriate validation techniques for machine learning-based breast tumor classification. The results also indicate that the J48 decision tree method is the most accurate classifier, providing valuable insights for developing predictive models for cancer diagnosis and advancing computational medical research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6047-6053
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• 2012

Bracken fern [Pteridium aquilinem (L.) kuhn (Dennstaedtiaceae)] is one of the most common species on the planet. It has been consumed by humans and animals for centuries. Use by some human groups is because they believe bracken fern is good for health as plant medicine. However, it is also one of the few known plants that can cause tumors in farm animals. Many interested groups have focused their attention on bracken fern because of these interesting features. In order to evaluate the biological effects of exposure to this plant in cellular level, human cancer cell lines were treated with the fern dichloromethane extracts and the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects were studied. Anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effects were evaluated by cell count, MTT assay and flow cytometry methods with three different cancer cell lines, TCC, NTERA2, and MCF-7, and two normal cells, HDF1 and HFF3. Pro-apoptotic effects of the extracts were determined by DAPI staining and comet assay, on TCC cancer cells compared to the normal control cell lines. Cellular morphology was examined by light microscopy. Our present study showed that the extract caused DNA damage and apoptosis at high concentrations ($200{\mu}g/mL$) and also it may induce cell cycle arrest (G2/M phase) at mild concentrations (50 and $30{\mu}g/mL$) depending on the cell type and tumor origin. These results indicate that bracken fern extract is a potent source of anticancer compounds that could be utilized pharmaceutically.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.48.1-48.8
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• 2023

Liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Well-known risk factors include hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus, along with exposure to aflatoxins, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Genomic variants play a crucial role in mediating the associations between these risk factors and liver cancer. However, the specific variants involved in this process remain under-explored. This study utilized a bioinformatics approach to identify genetic variants associated with liver cancer from various continents. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with liver cancer were retrieved from the genome-wide association studies catalog. Prioritization was then performed using functional annotation with HaploReg v4.1 and the Ensembl database. The prevalence and allele frequencies of each variant were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Two variants, rs2294915 and rs2896019, encoded by the PNPLA3 gene, were found to be highly expressed in the liver tissue, as well as in the skin, cell-cultured fibroblasts, and adipose-subcutaneous tissue, all of which contribute to the risk of liver cancer. We further found that these two SNPs (rs2294915 and rs2896019) were positively correlated with the prevalence rate. Positive associations with the prevalence rate were more frequent in East Asian and African populations. We highlight the utility of this population-specific PNPLA3 genetic variant for genetic association studies and for the early prognosis and treatment of liver cancer. This study highlights the potential of integrating genomic databases with bioinformatic analysis to identify genetic variations involved in the pathogenesis of liver cancer. The genetic variants investigated in this study are likely to predispose to liver cancer and could affect its progression and aggressiveness. We recommend future research prioritizing the validation of these variations in clinical settings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5549-5556
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• 2015

Background: Cancer has important social consequences with cancer registration as the basis of moving towards prevention. The present study aimed to estimate the completeness of registration of the ten most common cancers in patients referred to selected hospitals in Shiraz, Iran by using capture-recapture method. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed in 2014 based on the data of 2009, on a total of 4,388 registered cancer patients. After cleaning data from two sources, using capture-recapture common findings were identified. Then, the percentage of the completeness of cancer registration was estimated using Chapman and Chao methods. Finally, the effects of demographic and treatment variables on the completeness of cancer registration were investigated. Results: The results showed that the percentages of completeness of cancer registration in the selected hospitals of Shiraz were 58.6% and 58.4%, and influenced by different variables. The age group between 40-49 years old was the highest represented and for the age group under 20 years old was the lowest for cancer registration. Breast cancer had the highest registration level and after that, thyroid and lung cancers, while colorectal cancer had the lowest registration level. Conclusions: According to the results, the number of cancers registered was very few and it seems that factors like inadequate knowledge of some doctors, imprecise diagnosis about the types of cancer, incorrectly filled out medical documents, and lack of sufficient accuracy in recording data on the computer cause errors and defects in cancer registration. This suggests a necessity to educate and teach doctors and other medical workers about the methods of documenting information related to cancer and also conduct additional measures to improve the cancer registration system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1178-1185
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• 2012

The 4th year medical students were randomly divided and designated as group HF and LF, representing high and low fidelity simulations respectfully. Both groups performed OSCE on 2 topics(adult intubation and IV cannulation) with each composed of the same scenario. Each scenario was developed by a faculty in charge of clinical skill education with supervision from 2 other faculty members. High fidelity simulations were designed as in-situ simulations in real OR. Low fidelity simulations had the same scenarios but the environment was simulated only with a simple task trainer in the classroom. All students participated in series of survey using a Likert scale before and after the simulations. The provided data was anlayzed with paired T-test and Mann-Whiteney test(p<0.05). The post simulations self evaluation score for group HF was lower than pre-simulation self confidence score for both topics of adult intubation and IV cannulation where as for group LF, it was lower only for adult intubation(p<0.05). In group HF, the needs for clinical training on both topics increased after the simulation. In group LF, there was no significant change of needs for clinical training between pre and post simulation survey. This suggest that fidelity may be a helpful factor to improve the motivation of the students and further study on economical aspect should be addressed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2021

Background: For radiological protection and control, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides the nominal risk coefficients related to radiation exposure, which can be extrapolated using the excess relative risk and excess absolute risk obtained from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). Materials and Methods: Since it is impossible to directly estimate the radiation risk at doses less than approximately 100 mSv only from epidemiological knowledge and data, support from radiation biology is absolutely imperative, and thus, several national and international bodies have advocated the importance of bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology. Because of the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011, the exposure of the public to radiation has become a major concern and it was considered that the estimation of radiation risk should be more realistic to cope with the prevailing radiation exposure situation. Results and Discussion: To discuss the issues from wide aspects related to radiological protection, and to realize bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology, we have established a research group to develop low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk estimation methodology, with the permission of the Japan Health Physics Society. Conclusion: The aim of the research group was to clarify the current situation and issues related to the risk estimation of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure from the viewpoints of different research fields, such as epidemiology, biology, modeling, and dosimetry, to identify a future strategy and roadmap to elucidate a more realistic estimation of risk against low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure.