• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

OThe purpose of this article was to measure and compare the value of the metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm by Dual energy(kVp switching) CT (Computed Tomography) for non using MAR and we introduced new variable Dual energy CT applications through a clinical scan. The used equipment was GE Discovery 750HD with Dual-Energy system(kVp switching). CT scan was performed on the neck and abdomen area subject for patients. Studies were from Dec 20 2010 to Feb 10 2011 and included 25 subject patients with prosthesis. We were measured the HU (Hounsfield Unit) and noise value at metal artifact appear(focal loss of signal and white streak artifact area) according to the using MAR algorithm. Statistical analyses were performed using the paired sample t-test. In patient subject case, the statistical difference of showing HU was p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively. At maximum black hole artifact area and white streak artifact area according to the using MAR algorithm. However noise was p=0.05 and p=0.04 respectively; and not the affected black hole and white streak artifact area. Dual Energy CT with the MAR algorithm technique is useful reduce metal artifacts and could improve the diagnostic value in the diagnostic image evaluation of metallic implants area.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.177-197
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• 2011

In this study, a series of fire experiments under $HC_{inc}$ and ISO834 (duration of 4 hour) fire scenarios were carried out for three different types of fire protection measures for the segment joint to evaluate their applicabilities to an immersed tunnel. The experimental results revealed that an expansion joint installed to allow relative movements between concrete element ends in an segment joint is the most vulnerable to a severe fire. For the fire protection measure where the originally designed steel plates at an expansion joint arc replaced by fire-resistant boards, the experiments showed that they cannot achieve good fireproofing performance under both $HC_{inc}$ fire scenario and ISO834 (4 hour) fire scenarios since the installation of fire-resistant boards results in the reduction of the sprayed fire insulation thickness. On the other hand, the application of modified bent steel plates replacing the original steel plates was proved to be very successful in fireproofing of the expansion joint due to more sprayed materials filled in bent steel plate than in the original design concept as well as higher adhesion between the steel plate and the sprayed fire insulation layer.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop models to predict freshness factors (total viable counts (TVC), pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values) and the storage period in beef using a visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic technique. A total of 216 beef spectra were collected during the storage period from 0 to 14 d at a $10^{\circ}C$ storage. A spectrophotometer was used to measure reflectance spectra from beef samples, and beef freshness spectra were divided into a calibration set and a validation set. Multi-linear regression (MLR) models using the stepwise method were developed to predict the factors. The MLR results showed that beef freshness had a good correlation between the predicted and measured factors using the selected wavelength. The correlation of determination ($r^2$), standard error of prediction (SEP), and ratio of standard deviation to SEP (RPD) of the prediction set for TVC was 0.74, 0.64, and 2.75 Log CFU/$cm^2$, respectively. The $r^2$, SEP, and RPD values for pH were 0.43, 0.10, and 1.10; those for VBN were 0.73, 1.45, and 2.00 mg%; those for TMA were 0.70, 0.19, and 2.58 mg%; those for TBA values were 0.73, 0.13, and 2.77 mg MA/kg; and those for storage period were 0.77, 1.94, and 2.53 d, respectively. The results indicate that visible and NIR spectroscopy can predict beef freshness during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2007

This paper aims to measure and evaluate the technical efficiency with two inputs and four outputs with the use of fuzzy DEA in Korean RCC/RSC. Especially, this paper included not only the marine accident data which occurred for the analysis in particular but also the possibility data of a potential marine accident by an Environmental Stress value and analyzed the technical efficiency. And in this paper, asymmetrical triangular fuzzy number is presented about inputs/ outputs data and a procedure is suggested for it's solution. The basic idea is to transform the fuzzy CCR model into a crisp linear programming problem by applying an alternative ${\alpha}$-cut approach. Also this paper propose a ranking method for fuzzy RCC/RSC using presented fuzzy DEA approach. The result, when ${\alpha}$-cut is 0.5, efficiency priority is found in the order of YS, BS, MP, TY, JJ, PH, US, IC, SC, DH, GS, TA, WD RCC/RSC. Finally, Inefficiency TA, WD RCC/RSC have to benchmarking with reference sets.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality-based activities of daily living (ADL) training on ADL and rehabilitative motivation in patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods : This study was performed using a pre-post design with seven traumatically brain injured patients. Subjects were subjected to virtual reality-based ADL training for 30 minutes a day, 2 to 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Evaluation was conducted before and after the intervention using the Korean Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Cognitive Functional Independence Measure (C-FIM), and Volitional Questionnaire (VQ). Changes before and after intervention were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and correlations were analyzed using Spearman's coefficient. Results : After intervention, patients with traumatic brain injury showed significant improvements in K-MBI (p<.05). There was no significant change in total C-FIM score and VQ score (p>.05). Total C-FIM score correlated significantly with VQ score (p<.05, r=.755). The social cognition domain of C-FIM had a significant correlation with VQ score (p<.05, r=826). Conclusions : Virtual reality-based ADL training can improve ADL performance, but further research is needed to determine whether improvements in social cognition and rehabilitative motivation are possible.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.32-39
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• 2021

Recently, necessities of steel form for reinforced concrete beam and girder have been emphasized in building structures for the reduction of the construction period and the labor cost. SY Beam was developed for the these purposes and is roll-formed using thin steel plate. On this research, we tried to evaluate and verify the performance and behavior of SY Beam under construction loading stage as like pouring in situ concrete. For the standard shape of SY beam, structural modelling with various steel thicknesses has carried out using MIDAS GEN program. From results of modelling, the width and height of SY Beam were determined 600mm and 400mm respectively. For 3 SY Beams, the loading experiment was performed to measure vertical and horizontal displacement under stacking sand, concrete block, and bundle of rebar. As a result, the vertical deflection showed a tendency to decrease as the thickness increased. In the horizontal displacement, the trend according to the thickness was not clearly observed. From the evaluation on the loading experiment, it is considered that the SY Beam can secure both workability and structural safety. In particular, the SY Beam(1.2mm) hardly generates horizontal displacement, so it has excellent load-bearing capacity. So, we judged that the SY Beam with 1.2mm steel plate has excellent performance and consider to be immediately commercially available.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.397-412
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• 2023

In order for social robots to take root in human life, it is important to consider the technical implementation of social robots and human psychology toward social robots. This study aimed to derive potential social robot clusters based on the emotions consumers feel about social robot appearance design, and to identify and compare important design characteristics and emotional differences of each cluster. In our study, we established a social robot emotion framework to measure and evaluate the emotions consumers feel about social robots, and evaluated the emotions of social robot designs based on the semantic differential method, an kansei engineering approach. We classified 30 social robots into 4 clusters by conducting a multidimensional scaling method and K-means cluster analysis based on the emotion evaluation results, confirmed the characteristics of design elements for each cluster, and conducted a comparative analysis on consumer emotions. We proposed a strategic direction for successful social robot design and development from a human-centered perspective based on the design characteristics and emotional differences derived for each cluster.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.187-203
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• 2022

As the economic, social, and environmental problems of the local community reach a serious level, our society is realizing the need to foster young talents who discover opportunities in local issues through entrepreneurship education and create social values through creative challenges. However, entrepreneurship education programs are generally focused on commerciality, so customized education programs to solve regional problems are insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a community problem-solving entrepreneurship curriculum. In this study, a competency based curriculum model was applied to develop the curriculum, and regional problem-solving entrepreneurship competencies were derived through expert advice from a total of 10 people. In the process, the Delphi methodology was additionally used to reduce the possibility of errors in the competency model. As a result of the study, a total of 23 regional problem-solving entrepreneurship competencies were confirmed, and knowledge(K) - skill(S) - attitude(A) by competency consisted of 5, 9, and 9, respectively. By applying this to Dunham's problem-solving six-step model, modular learning support measures were developed in the order of phase 1(problem discovery), phase 2(problem analysis), phase 3(plan), phase 4(measure), and phase 5(evaluation). This study is meaningful in that it integrated theory and practice by developing specific entrepreneurship curriculum and learning support measures based on the theoretical model devised in social welfare. In addition, it has implications in that it developed a regional problem-solving entrepreneurship competency model based on expert advice and proposed a specific curriculum based on this.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

The monitoring of environmental information (e.g. noise, dust, vibration, temperature, humidity) is crucial to the safe and sustainable operation of a construction site. However, commercial sensors exhibit certain drawbacks when applied on-site. First, the installation cost is prohibitively high. Second, these sensors have been engineered without considering the rugged and harsh conditions of a construction site, resulting in error-prone sensing. Third, construction sites are compelled to allocate additional resources in terms of manpower, expenses, and physical spaces to accommodate individual sensors. This research developed an integrated sensing module to measure the environmental information in construction site. The sensing module slashes the installation cost to 3.3%, is robust enough to harsh and outdoor sites, and consolidates multiple sensors into a single unit. The sensing module also supports GPS, LTE, and real-time sensing. The evaluation showed remarkable results including 97.5% accuracy and 99.9% precision in noise measurement, an 89.7% accuracy in dust measurement, and a 93.5% reliability in data transmission. This research empowers the collection of substantial volumes and high-quality environmental data from construction sites, providing invaluable support to decision-making process. These encompass objective regulatory compliance checking, simulations of environmental data dispersion, and the development of environmental mitigation strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2014

In this paper, isotropically consolidated drained triaxial compression test device installed with bender elements is used to measure stress, stain, and shear wave velocity, from which the characteristics of shear strength and Poisson'ratio are investigated. The results show that there is a unique relationship between maximum shear modulus determined from shear wave velocity and effective vertical stress at failure, which is defined as the sum of vertical and radial stresses at failure. The correlation is very useful since it is possible to predict the shear strength and internal friction angle from shear wave velocity. In addition, Poisson's ratio is determined from measured axial and volumetric strains. It is demonstrated that the range of measured Poisson's ratio is between 0.15 and 0.6, and increases with the axial strain. The ratios at axial strains smaller than 0.2% corresponds to the range recommended in design codes, which are approximately from 0.3~0.35. However, at axial strains exceeding 1%, the measured ratios are between 0.5 and 0.6. It is therefore shown that use of ratios commonly used in practice will result in pronounced underestimation at large strains.