• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the aspect of expression about the form of Shwedagon Pagoda as well as to find out its meanings. The aesthetic value of Shwedagon Pagoda appears as the worship and infinite respect to Buddha realizing its beautiful sacred symbol. The meaning of Shwedagon Pagoda is to progress in keeping pace with the specific flexibility of Buddhism in Myanmar developing Buddhistic diversity and accepting its active changes. As time passes, Shwedagon Pagoda has been transformed. It is because that Myanmar's architecture was developed independently being affected by India with the introduction of Buddhism, and accepted it through autonomous reinterpretation. Then, the function of the worship space surrounding Shwedagon was extended and its annexes and statues of the Buddha were built; its scale became larger. This study shows the comparison between Shwezigon Pagoda and Shwedagon Pagoda. This method of investigation reveals that the formal changes of Shwedagon makes it transform to concise composition and develop aesthetical component giving the sense of vertical rise.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.117-130
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out the transition of meaning and terminology of support spaces in Korean houses based on preliminary studies and analysis of Korean novels. The major findings are as follows. The planning and location of the kitchen and its support spaces developed slowly until the 1970s. Buok has been the terminology of support spaces that appeared often and continuously in novels. The word Bongdang was mentioned only before the 1900s. The new words such as Sikdang. Buokaband appeared after the 1960s,. Jubang appeared after the 1980s. The meaning of kitchen space described in novels were various. Thpically the kitchen was used for cooking washing dishes keeping kitchen utensils foods and miscellaneous goods. Exveptionally the kitchen was the place for quarreling with others weeping secretly hiding washing clothes etc. The kitchen was also a symbol of the wealth of the family but many kitchens were usually described in novels as the unpleasant places. Even though most users of the kitchen in novels were women men also used the kitchen in novels were women men also used the kitchen without any restrictions. however the activities of men and women of the upper class in the kitchen were never described in any novels.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.5-16
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• 2004

The wide range of understanding to the culture is very important in design practice, because all the design can't be avoided effect of different culture. Viewpoint of this, cultural meaning and background of design are studied in this paper. First of all, a few problems are suggested to the purpose and necessity of the paper. On the basis of this, three conceptual meanings of design culture are searched through studying with cultural meaning of design, design as living culture and design for human begins. Also, on the same basis, three compositive backgrounds of design culture are researched through studying with change of spatio-temporal design, search for the original design and criteria on the aesthetic design. Finally, another study is tried to find out how to understand design value and to create more valuable design which is variously existed under the different cultural background and social situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.317-334
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• 2021

This study aims to examine the expressive characteristics and meanings of modern in contemporary fashion, especially focusing on Vogue and The New York Times. First, modern signified originality born out of borderless fusion and compromise. It was also expressed to signify diversity and tolerance not bounded by conventions, TPO, areas, ethnic groups, seasons, or gender. Second, modern meant functionality encompassing the comfort of body and mind. It was used to refer to convenient mobility and activity fit for the lifestyle of busy modern people. Third, lightness and naturalness were used as new meanings of beauty in modern fashion. In the fashion of the twenty-first century, the principal meaning of modern was lightness, which was sought after in everything including materials, modes of wearing, and ways of thinking. Finally, modern fashion was expressed as a democratic tool for social reform and used in the meaning of enlightenment to benefit society as well as oneself. The results of this study indicate that constant changes in trends, lifestyles, and psychology of contemporary society have the potential to give new meaning to the concept and the use of the term modern.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Religious architecture in the Gwangju and Jeonam regions played the role of local culture, and in particular, cathedral architecture maintains a consistent religious context and seeks to integrate with the local community. This study is to investigate and analyze the overall data to find out the characteristics and meaning of the Eucharistic adoration, which played a central role in the religious aspect and the space in the cathedral, and used it as basic data for the study of local cathedral architecture. The Eucharistic adoration was activated starting from the time when the Eucharist storage room was placed in the Middle Ages, and in 1979, when Pope John Paul II published a letter, and Bishop Na Gilmo of Incheon introduced the Eucharist, the Eucharistic adoration movement was activated in parishes across the country. However, regarding the Eucharistic adoration, a way to use its spatial meaning and religious use is still unknown, even to its believers. The Eucharistic adoration of the cathedral contains the main spiritual function of managing faith rather than the functions of mission, fellowship, and office work. An approach which composes the liturgical spaces in various architectural planning methods is necessary, but the fundamental and religious meaning must not be abandoned.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.244-254
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• 2002

To enhance the acceleration performance and fuel consumption rate of a vehicle, the torque converter is modified or newly-developed with reliable analysis model. Up to recently, the one dimensional performance model has been used for the analysis and design of torque converter. The model is described with constant parameters based on the concept of mean flow path. When it is used in practice, some experiential correction factors are needed to minimize tole estimated error. These factors have poor physical meaning and cannot be applied confidently to the other specification of torque converter. In this study, the detail dynamic model of torque converter is presented to establish the physical meaning of correction factors. To verify the validity of model, performance test was carried out with various input speed and oil temperature. The effect of oil temperature on the performance is analysed, and it is applied to the dynamic model. And, to obtain the internal flow pattern of torque converter, CFD(Computational Fluid Dyanmics) analysis is carried out on three-dimensional turbulent flow. Correction factors are determined from the internal flow pattern, and their variation is presented with the speed ratio of torque converter. Finally, the sensitivity of correction factors to the speed ratio is studied for the case of changing capacity factor with maintaining torque ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.11 s.254
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2006

In order to figure out the physical meaning of 3-D angular flow index for in-cylinder bulk motion, CFD analysis for the swirl and tumble steady flow test rig were made using commercial package STAR-CD. Computer simulations and rig tests on some kinds of induced flow conditions were carried out. Finally, based on the comparison between the simulated results and measured results, the physical meaning of 3-D angular flow index $|\longrightarrow_{N_B}|$, $\beta$ composed of swirl and tumble coefficients measured by steady flow test rig was described.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on the meaning and variety about gender expressed in modern fashion. The results are as follows ; First, the typical masculine gender was authority, discretion as a result of heteropatriarchy focused on the western reason. It was conservative and the symbolic image type of the meaning excluded masculine sexual expression. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of straight silhouette, dark color, rough and stiff material. Second, the typical feminine gender was the symbolic image type of a mother and a wife defined relatively by man as a result of western heteropatriarchy and the image type which men regarded women as sexual objects. Dress and its ornament was expressed as the style of silhouette which let bodily curve out, light color, soft material. The most typical item is dress and suit. Third, androgyny has been described as the feminie gender of androgynous, which shows masculine image as the effect of feminism and social success of professional women. Dress and its ornament is expressed as the style of business suit, the symple of typical man's one. The masculine gender of androgynous is showed man's suit as silhouette that let bodily curve out, light color, exposure and soft material, which is the symbol of feminine dress, Fourth, unisex is the area of dress and its ornament used the sexless symbol which there has been no gender more because of the spread of sports and diffusion of leisure in life style.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.17-33
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out the features of the Korean family change since 2,000 and to interpret the meaning of the change on the basis of the critical review of both the positive perspective and the negative perspective of the family change in Korea. Through the method of the literature review and the analysis of the various statistics by KOSTAT, it is drawn that explaining the change only by "diversity of family compositions" is not enough to figure out the meaning of the family change in Korea today and that it is needed to go further to approach the change as disintegration of the 'nuclear' composed of the married couple and their children. It is also drawn that the disintegration has led to weakening of the long term functions by the family, i. e., the function of life and of the virtues, which shakes the way of human life and the order of our society. Therefore, the present family change in Korea is to be understood as crisis, not as progress. And it is recommended that the family politics in Korea is to be focused on the ways for the healthy functioning and rebuilding the nuclear of the family.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.256-266
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• 2003

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the process of experience toward decision making to donate organs. Method: Eleven subjects who registered at the Association for Organ Sharing in Korea were recruited. Using in-depth interviews and tape-recordings, data was collected from Jun. 2001 to Feb. 2002 and the contents of these were analyzed by Glaser's grounded theory analysis method. Result: Basic Social-Psychological Problem(BSPP) of subjects were 'attachment to body' and the core theme, that is Basic Socialization Progress(BSP) were discovered to 'find out what is the meaning of life'. Also it consisted of four steps: 1st 'hesitate', 2nd 'look into self', 3rd 'realize the tie up to self' and last 're-find the meaning of life'. Conclusion: These findings indicate the Korean's Basic Socialization Progress of decision making regarding organ donation, so possible development of promoting decision making is necessary strategies for people who is having his/her potential of organ donation in mind.