• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.815-823
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• 2013

To provide rice products in substituted for wheat flour and wheat products in elementary school foodservice, the survey for nutritionist in elementary school was accomplished from November 3rd to 8th, 2012 in Gwangju and Jeonnam area, and obtained 83 and 95 copies from Gwangju and Jeonnam, respectively. Most nutritionists were graduated from universities and had careers longer than 15 years. The nutritionists (56.7%) had worked at the schools where food allergy students were enrolled. The consumption of wheat flours per one student per month was 677.8 g in Gwangju and 707.4 g in Jeonnam. Udon and Jajangmyeon were more popular wheat products. Nutritionist agreed positively that rice products instead of wheat products were possible to use for meal menu (73.5% in Gwangju and 61.1% in Jeonnam). The frequent use of rice products was tteokbokkitteok, because of students' preference. The rice bread and tteokguktteok were preferred significantly higher in Jeonnam than in Gwangju. The advantages of rice products which perceived by nutritionists were benefits for health, digestive easily, and high nutritious, but their disadvantages were hard-to-find and expensive. The nutritional values of rice and recipes for cooking rice products were required as educational program for increasing consumption of rice products. Demonstration for rice cooking methods was selected most popular program. The application of rice products for school foodservice was preferred to Jeonnam compared to Gwangju (p<0.001). As a consequence, the nutritionists working in elementary school in Gwangju and Jeonnam area have positive thought about using rice products in school foodservice, if educational program of school foodservice menu using rice products should be demonstrated them.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

This study was administrated to find the effects of dietary habits and nutrient intakes on the development of cardiovascular disease in the elderly aged over 60. The 40 healthy elderlies(18 males, 22 females) and 40 hospitalized elderlies with the cardiovascular disease(23 males, 17 females) were subjected for the study. Body weight, height, BMI and blood pressure were measured. Also, health behaviors such as exercise, smoking, drinking and dietary habits, frequency of intake lipid food in the past, nutrient intake at the present were assessed by interviews and questionnaire. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Body weight and the BMI were higher in hospitalized male elderlies significantly than those of healthy male elderlies(p<0.05). But the blood pressure wasn't different between two groups. 2. The ratio of male subjects who do regular exercise was significantly higher in healthy group(p<0.01). And significant difference in the extent of stress was found between two female groups(p<0.05). 3. The amount of meal and salty taste showed significant difference between two female groups(p<0.01) but the other dietary habits such as meat preference were not different between healthy and hospitalized elderlies. 4. Compared with healthy male elderlies, hospitalized male elderlies showed significantly higher frequency of intake of fish in the past(p<0.05) and frequency of intake of lipid food such as pork and chicken was also higher in the hospitalized male elderlies, but no significant difference in nutrient intake at the present was found between healthy and hospitalized elderlies. 5. Nutrient intake of elderlies showed in the average daily intake of energy, Ca, vitamin $B_2$were lower than Korean recommended dietary allowances(CRDA). For female subjects, the cholesterol intake was positively correlated with body weight, meats and eggs intake showed positive correlation with body weight and the BMI(p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.567-581
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate fruit and vegetable consumption status of school children and adolescents and factors influencing their consumption from focus-group interviews with school nutrition teacher(s) and nutritionists. Most of all the evaluated fruit and vegetable intake levels of school children and adolescents was very low. They mentioned the intake of fruit and vegetable was similar between children and adolescents and boys tended to have less vegetable intake than girls. There was substantial difference in the serving frequencies of fruit between schools due to budgets. Fruit was consumed more than vegetables and fruit without seeds or peeled fruit was more preferred by children and adolescents. Factors affecting fruit and vegetable intake of children and adolescents were analysed by personal, family and school. Personal factors were gender, child development level, the lack of knowledge or perception on vegetables, westernized diet pattern and the preference of spicy foods. Family factors were the perception of parents, family meal environment, and income disparity. The factors related to schools were the principal, class teacher, friends, nutrition teacher, cooking and serving methods, cooking personals, budget and so on.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1132-1146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the eating habits and dietary consciousness of urban residents according to socioeconomic characteristics. The survey was administered by the nationwide 690 adults in February 2001. The survey was conducted by a questionnaire that was composed of 20 items. The results of this study show that 56.8% of the subjects had breakfast everyday and majority of them ate cooked rice (57.4%) or rice with mixed grain and bean (33.0%) as stable food for breakfast. 73.6% of the subjects ate out less than 5 times a month and, most of them preferred Korean dishes to Western dishes. The majority of the subjects had a meal regularly and they ate dinner abundantly with gusto compared to breakfast and lunch. Mean values of preference (5 point scales) for snack, salty and hot taste, and processed food were 3.07±0.89, 2.75±0.83, 3.28±0.90, 2.69±0.84 respectively. Interest (4 point scales) in eating safe and fresh food, balanced diet, and overeating calorieㆍsugarㆍsaltㆍfat were 3.26±0.66, 2.83±0.70, 2.89±0.75, respectively. As the purpose of eating, 44.8% of the subjects placed emphasis to supply nutrition but 16.6% put emphasis on physiologic desire. About half of the subjects needed to change their own eating habits. As improvement of their eating habits, the majority of them answered ‘balanced diet’. There were significant differences in eating habits and dietary consciousness of the subjects by socioeconomic characteristics. As the age goes down and education level goes up, they had wrong eating habits generally. For occupation, housewives had right eating habits but students were not. For interest in food and nutrition, male, 20' age-group, students and over college graduation group were worse than the other groups within each socioeconomic characteristic. Consequently, nutrition education for them is needed preferentially, also their socioeconomic characteristics must be considered in nutrition education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.405-414
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• 1998

This study was to evaluate the anthropometry, dietary attitudes and the other factors of 201 children in day-care centers according to their parents' income levels. The evaluation was conducted using anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, and questionnaire survey which was completed by the children's mothers. The results are summarized as follows: Overall growth of children was normal according to Korean standard. There were no significant differences in anthropometry according to the income levels. The scores of eating habits of children were different significantly according to income levels. That is, the score was the lowest in the low-income group. Children generally prefer one-dish meal or snacks, while the preference levels of kimchi, seasoned vegetable and beans broiled in soysauce were lower than those cf other foods. In the questions to know mothers' nutrition knowledge, we could see that they didn't know well about protein, breast-feeding, weaning and balance in nutrients. Nutrition knowledge score of mothers was significantly lower in the low income group, which shows close relationship with low-score eating habits of their children. The score of nutrition knowledge was affected by the mother's education level. The higher the mother's nutrition knowledge and education level, the better children's eating habits. These findings emphasize the planning and application of nutrition education programs for mothers especially in the low income group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary habits of boarding high school students in Gangwon based on gender and stress levels. Questionnaires were distributed to 571 boarding high school students and collected from 491 students from June 28 to July 20, 2011. The statistical data analyses were completed using SPSS (ver. 19.0) for the descriptive analysis, independent sample t-test and $X^2$-test. The mean stress score was 23.7 out of 40, and male's stress was significantly higher than female's (p<0.05). The rates of having daily breakfast and dinner were significantly influenced by gender (p<0.01), and the regularity of lunch was significantly different depending on the stress level (p<0.05). Female students consumed less flour based foods (p<0.01), carbonated drinks (p<0.01), juices (p<0.05) and functional drinks (p<0.01) than male students, but male students consumed less cookies and breads (p<0.01). Dietary habits that boarding high school students should improve were an unbalanced diet (38%), too much intake at once (17%) and prejudice against foods (11%), and their primary value in dietary life was preference (33%), followed by staving off hunger (18%) and pleasure (18%). The average level of interest in dietary life was 2.46 (on a Likert-type 3-point scale) and it was significantly higher for female students (2.53) than male (2.40) (p<0.05). About 54% of students washed their hands before a meal when they thought of it, but only 25% of students always scrubbed up. The regularity of breakfast and dinner, frequency of snack intake, dietary habits that need to improve, intrest in dietary life, and washing hands before meals showed significant difference by gender but not by stress levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

This study examined the relationship between the eating out behavior of families and a low-salt management by housewives in Jeonju area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 420 housewives. Descriptive statistical analyses was completed using SPSS v. 19.0 and Stata 13.0. The frequency of eating out and delivered food of housewives in their 20s was significantly higher than that of the older housewives (p<0.001). The high order frequency delivered foods were chicken menu and Chinese food. The determinants of the eating out menu were children's preference and meal time. The average scores of 'interest on low-salt diet', 'attitude toward a low-salt purchasing', and 'praxis a low-salt diet' were $2.70{\pm}0.95$, $3.06{\pm}1.13$, and $3.26{\pm}0.91$, respectively. The level of a low-salt management housewives in their 20s was higher than that of the older housewives (p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that various factors (e.g. age, number of children, education level, and frequency of the eating out) correlated with the low-salt diet of subjects. For the adequate eating out behavior of families and low-salt management of housewives, information and consumer education to take family-related situations into consideration are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.275-286
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for development of a recipe for muslim-friendly halal Korean foods through investigation of awareness of Korean foods, taste evaluation, and menu preferences. After Korean foods' menu range and standard were set up for the survey and in-depth interviews with three halal food experts were conducted, 35 kinds of halal Korean foods were examined. The present study conducted a survey on 205 foreign Muslims living in Jeonju-si, Jeonbuk and Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi who ate Korean foods. Foreign Muslims were male workers in their 20's residing in company housing, and their monthly mean income was 1.01~2 million KRW. The majority of subjects responded that meal problems were the most difficult in everyday life. Concerning the taste of Korean foods, the response rate of 'sweet' and 'spicy' was high while 'Korean food is healthy' and 'Korean food ingredients is fresh' were high for awareness of Korean foods. 'Bulgogi' was the most preferred among the selected Korean foods, which was in line with the results of previous research. There is a need to provide information on Korean foods that can be made with food ingredients certified as halal and their recipes through various media for foreign Muslims who have limitations on in meals due to religious factors.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2003

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the status of dietitians' nutrition management in school lunch program. Questionaries were distributed to 233 dietitians of elementary schools and 10 dietitians of high schools in Seoul and Incheon provinces. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows : 78.4% of Seoul and 48.6% of Incheon among the whole students were served their meals in the classrooms. 70.0% of dietitians were 30-39 years old and 31.4% had a career less 5-7 years old. The standardized recipe was used in 71.6% of total schools but not effectively in both provinces. The students' nutrition and preferences were the very first to be considered in menu planning in both provinces. The nutrient value of meals was evaluated by the dietitians in most schools. Nutrition surveys of the meals which students are eating at home were surveyed in 27.3% of Seoul and 53.2% of Incheon. Students' preferences were studied regularly in 65.4% of Seoul and 78.9% of Incheon, and students evaluations of meals were carried out by the school lunch program in 74.6% of Seoul, and 68.8% of Incheon. In 49.6% of Seoul and 53.2% of Incheon, leftover foods were measured for each meal. 38.5% of Seoul used per a week and 48.6% of Incheon used per 2-3 week the processed foodstuffs. In 17.2% of Seoul and 25.2% of Incheon, nutrition education was executed by direct education, but educational methods were done mostly by letterssent to students' parents(76.9% of Seoul and 85.3% of Incheon). Evaluation studies on nutrition management, and nutrition education were hardly correlated to the dietitian's career and educational level. The number of meals served by the school lunch program have no related with the students' preferences. For improvement of nutrition management of school lunch program, it is necessary to develop new nutrition management model and nutrition education program.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 1979

Adequate intake of nutrients exert a profound influence on the physical and spiritual development of children. Thus, it is important to children and their mothers about nutrition and selection of nutritious foods. In order to underline the importance of nutrition for children, this study investigated and analyzed food habits of children expecially those in preschool ages, to obtain basic data to develop effective educational materials related to nutrition. dietary habits of 61 boys and 44 girls in the average age of six were surveyed through their mothers. Results therefrom are as follows : 1. Only 17 per cent of the mothers questioned replied that they considered the balance of diet in preparing meals, while 58.1% of the mothers gave precedence to the liking of their family . The lower the educational level of a mother , the higher her stress on the food preference of her family. 2. Seventy six of the mothers said they understand the basic food group , but only one mother displayed an accurate knowledge about it. 3. As for between meal eating , 82.9% took fruits, 68.6% milk, 35.2 bread, and 33.3% cookies. 4. Problems with food habits of children were : Unbalanced diet for 43.8% of children ,eating of snacks at irregular intervals for 26.7% and TV impact for 5.7%. 5. Children's food habits are greatly influenced by their parents, In the case of animal liver, 32.1 % of the children surveyed do not like to eat it, while 35.8% have never tasted it . 27.9% of children also do not like to eat cereals. Children's likes and dislikes with regarded to foods were influenced greatly by their parents. Thus, it is urgent to educate mothers about balanced diet and basic food group. Children will have to be taught to understand unfavorable effects of unbalanced diet so that they may correct their unsound food habits. This study also indicated the need for developing new cooking methods for those food items which are very liked by children to be a major cause of their unbalanced dietary habits.