• 제목/요약/키워드: Maximum Dose

검색결과 1,206건 처리시간 0.025초

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Some Mechanical Properties of Novoloid Fibers

  • Ulcay, Y.;Altun, S.
    • Fibers and Polymers
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.156-159
    • /
    • 2004
  • Novoloid fibers have high chemical, flame and thermal resistance; however they have low tensile properties. Effects of gamma irradiation on the tensile properties of novoloid fibers have been investigated. Loop and knot resistance have also been examined. Maximum tenacity of the single fiber increased with an increase of the radiation dose applied. According to the loop and knot tenacity results it is found that brittleness has been also affected by the amount of radiation dose.

傷寒論에서 炮附子와 生附子의 1 일 복용량 (The Daily Dose of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconiti Lateralis Radix in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases)

  • 김인락
    • 대한본초학회지
    • /
    • 제30권4호
    • /
    • pp.51-55
    • /
    • 2015
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was finding out the daily dose of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconiti Lateralis Radix in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases.Methods : In order to estimate the daily dose of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata and Aconiti Lateralis Radix, I researched Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, Synopsis of Prescription of the Golden Chamber, Korean Pharmacoepia 10 and Science of Contemporary Chinese Medicine Product.Results : Daily doses of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata are 1, 2, or 3 pieces and those amount are respectively 1, 2, or 3 Ryang. Common dose of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata is 1 piece, Maximum Dose of it is 3 Pieces and that corresponds with dose of dried herb in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases. Consider from Sovereign, Minister, Assistant and Courier, the dose of it in Buja-tang and Whyunmu-tang is 3 Ryang. 1 Ryang corresponds with 6.5 g. Aconiti Lateralis Radix is dried without baking so its weight is equal to Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. Daily doses of Aconiti Lateralis Radix are 1 piece or 1 big piece and those amount are respectively 3 or 6 Ryang. Common dose of it is 1 piece.Conclusions : From this study, in Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, Daily Doses of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata are 1, 2, or 3 pieces(19.5 g, 39 g or 52 g), and that of Aconiti Lateralis Radix are 1 piece or 1 big piece(19.5 g, 39 g). Common Dose of two Herbal Medicine is 19.5 g.

Development of Diode Based High Energy X-ray Spatial Dose Distribution Measuring Device

  • Lee, Jeonghee;Kim, Ikhyun;Park, Jong-Won;Lim, Yong-Kon;Moon, Myungkook;Lee, Sangheon;Lim, Chang Hwy
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
    • /
    • 제43권3호
    • /
    • pp.97-106
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background: A cargo container scanner using a high-energy X-ray generates a fan beam X-ray to acquire a transmitted image. Because the generated X-rays by LINAC may affect the image quality and radiation protection of the system, it is necessary to acquire accurate information about the generated X-ray beam distribution. In this paper, a diode-based multi-channel spatial dose measuring device for measuring the X-ray dose distribution developed for measuring the high energy X-ray beam distribution of the container scanner is described. Materials and Methods: The developed high-energy X-ray spatial dose distribution measuring device can measure the spatial distribution of X-rays using 128 diode-based X-ray sensors. And precise measurement of the beam distribution is possible through automatic positioning in the vertical and horizontal directions. The response characteristics of the measurement system were evaluated by comparing the signal gain difference of each pixel, response linearity according to X-ray incident dose change, evaluation of resolution, and measurement of two-dimensional spatial beam distribution. Results and Discussion: As a result, it was found that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the response signal according to the incident position showed a difference of about 10%, and the response signal was linearly increased. And it has been confirmed that high-resolution and two-dimensional measurements are possible. Conclusion: The developed X-ray spatial dose measuring device was evaluated as suitable for dose measurement of high energy X-ray through confirmation of linearity of response signal, spatial uniformity, high resolution measuring ability and ability to measure spatial dose. We will perform precise measurement of the X-ray beamline in the container scanning system using the X-ray spatial dose distribution measuring device developed through this research.

Practical Implementation of Patient-Specific Quality Assurance for Small and Multiple Brain Tumors in CyberKnife with Fixed Collimators

  • Lee, Eungman;Park, Kwangwoo;Kim, Jin Sung;Kim, Yong Bae;Lee, Ho
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
    • /
    • 제29권2호
    • /
    • pp.53-58
    • /
    • 2018
  • This paper evaluates patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in the treatment of small and multiple tumors by the CyberKnife system with fixed collimators, using an ion chamber and EBT3 films. We selected 49 patients with single or multiple brain tumors, and the treatment plans include one to four targets with total volumes ranging from 0.12 cc to 3.74 cc. All PSQA deliveries were performed with a stereotactic dose verification phantom. The A16 microchamber (Standard Imaging, WI, USA) and Gafchromic EBT3 film (Ashland ISP Advanced Materials, NJ, USA) were inserted into the phantom to measure the point dose of the target and the dose distribution, respectively. The film was scanned 1 hr after irradiation by a film digitizer scanner and analyzed using RIT software (Radiological Imaging Technology, CO, USA). The acceptance criteria was <5% for the point dose measurement and >90% gamma passing rate using 3%/3 mm and relative dose difference, respectively. The point dose errors between the calculated and measured dose by the ion chamber were in the range of -17.5% to 8.03%. The mean point dose differences for 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm fixed cone size was -11.1%, -4.1%, and -1.5%, respectively. The mean gamma passing rates for all cases was 96.1%. Although the maximum dose distribution of multiple targets was not shown in the film, gamma distribution showed that dose verification for multiple tumors can be performed. The use of the microchamber and EBT3 film made it possible to verify the dosimetric and mechanical accuracy of small and multiple targets. In particular, the correction factors should be applied to small fixed collimators less than 10 mm.

방사선치료를 위한 영상장비의 선량 및 영상 평가 (Dose and Image Evaluations of Imaging for Radiotherapy)

  • 이형건;윤창연;김태준;김동욱;정원규;박성호;이원호
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
    • /
    • 제23권4호
    • /
    • pp.292-302
    • /
    • 2012
  • 최근 방사선치료 분야에 있어서 환자 선량이 중요한 쟁점이 되고 있다. 선량 감소를 위해 선진 기술을 이용한 방사선치료 시 사용하는 진단영상 장비에 대한 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 특히 CT는 방사선치료 분야에서 널리 사용되는 영상 장비이며, 본 연구에서는 CT의 선량과 영상에 대한 평가를 실시하였다. 선량과 영상을 동시에 비교할 수 있도록 동일한 조건 하에서 평가를 실시하였다. 또한 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 툴인 MCNPX를 이용한 선량과 영상 평가가 가능하다는 것을 확인하였다. 저 선량 CT 영상의 질을 향상시키기 위하여 MLEM기법을 이용한 반복적 영상재구성 기법을 구축하였다. 본 연구의 평가 방법을 통해 방사선 치료 분야에서의 환자 선량을 줄이는 것뿐만 아니라 산업 연구 분야에서의 영상장비들의 총체적인 평가가 가능할 것이다.

Bright Light Therapy in the Morning or at Mid-Day in the Treatment of Non-Seasonal Bipolar Depressive Episodes (LuBi): Study Protocol for a Dose Research Phase I / II Trial

  • Geoffroy, Pierre Alexis;El Abbassi, El Mountacer Billah;Maruani, Julia;Etain, Bruno;Lejoyeux, Michel;Amad, Ali;Courtet, Philippe;Dubertret, Caroline;Gorwood, Philip;Vaiva, Guillaume;Bellivier, Frank;Chevret, Sylvie
    • Psychiatry investigation
    • /
    • 제15권12호
    • /
    • pp.1188-1202
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objective This study protocol aims to determine, using a rigorous approach in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and non-seasonal major depressive episode (MDE), the characteristics of bright light therapy (BLT) administration (duration, escalation, morning and mid-day exposures) depending on the tolerance (hypomanic symptoms). Methods Patients with BD I or II and treated by a mood stabilizer are eligible. After 1 week of placebo, patients are randomized between either morning or mid-day exposure for 10 weeks of active BLT with glasses using a dose escalation at 7.5, 10, 15, 30 and 45 minutes/day. A further follow-up visit is planned 6 months after inclusion. Patients will be included by cohorts of 3, with at least 3 days of delay between them, and 1 week between cohorts. If none meet a dose limiting toxicity (DLT; i.e hypomanic symptoms), the initiation dose of the next cohort will be increased. If one patient meet a DLT, an additionnal cohort will start at the same dose. If 2 or 3 patients meet a DLT, from the same cohort or from two cohorts at the same dose initiation, the maximum tolerated dose is defined. This dose escalation will also take into account DLTs observed during the intra-subject escalation on previous cohorts, with a "Target Ceiling Dose" defined if 2 DLTs occured at a dose. Discussion Using an innovative and more ergonomic device in the form of glasses, this study aims to better codify the use of BLT in BD to ensure a good initiation and tolerance.

Radiation induced synthesis of (gelatin-co-PVA)-g-poly (AAc) copolymer as wound dressing material

  • Kaur, Inderjeet;Bhati, Pooja;Sharma, Sushma
    • Advances in materials Research
    • /
    • 제3권4호
    • /
    • pp.183-197
    • /
    • 2014
  • Copolymers of gelatin and poly (vinyl alcohol), (PVA) grafted by acrylic acid (AAc) with excellent water absorption and retention abilities under neutral conditions were successfully synthesized using $^{60}Co$ gamma radiations in presence of ammonium persulphate (APS), as water soluble initiator and sodium bicarbonate ($NaHCO_3$) as foaming agent. The optimum synthesis conditions pertaining to maximum swelling percentage were evaluated as a function of gelatin/PVA ratio, amount of water, concentration of APS, $NaHCO_3$, monomer concentration and total irradiation dose. Maximum percent swelling (1694.59%) of the copolymer, gelatin-co-PVA, was obtained at optimum $[APS]=2.92{\times}10^{-1}mol/L$, $[NaHCO_3]=7.94{\times}10^{-2}mol/L$ and 1.5 mL of water at total dose of 31.104 kGy while in case of grafted copolymer, (gelatin-co-PVA)-g-poly(AAc), maximum percent swelling (560.86%) was obtained using $8.014{\times}10^{-1}mol/L$ of AAc in 9 mL water with 31.104 kGy preirradiation dose. The pristine and grafted copolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The copolymers loaded with an antiseptic, Povidone, were used as wound dressing materials for wounded gastrocnemius muscle of mice and the results exhibit that (gelatin-co-PVA)-g-poly (AAc) copolymer is a potent wound dressing material as compared to the copolymer.

Anti-inflammatory and anti-noceceptive action of the crude extracts of Costus specious on rodents

  • Alam, Ashraful;Subhan, Nusrat;Awal, Abdul;Alam, Shohidul;Akramudau, Kazi
    • Advances in Traditional Medicine
    • /
    • 제8권3호
    • /
    • pp.243-251
    • /
    • 2008
  • The effect of alcoholic extracts of Costus specious (Family: Zingiberaceae) was evaluated in experimental models of pain and inflammation. Oral administration of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of C. specious extracts were used for the above study. Crude extracts of C. specious (300 mg/kg dose) showed maximum time needed for the response against thermal stimuli ($7.242\;{\pm}\;0.532\;s$) which is comparable to diclofenac sodium ($8.471\;{\pm}\;0.25\;s$) in the hot plate test. The MPH (Maximum Possible Analgesia) has been found to be 14.285 for 300 mg/kg dose of the crude extract while the MPH for diclofenac was 15.857 after 60 min of administration in the hot tail-flick method. The crude extract at 300 and 200 mg/kg doses showed significant reduction in acetic acid induced writhings in mice with a maximum effect of 59.661% reduction at 300 mg/kg dose which is comparable to standard diclofenac sodium (73.4%). Alcoholic extract of C. specious showed significant inhibition in serotonin and egg albumin induced hind paw oedema in rats at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of the crude extracts respectively (Serotonin induced edema 44.22; 53.75; 58.51%; egg albumin induced edema - 41.317; 53.892; 59.880% inhibition after 4 h respectively). The antiinflammatory effects showed by the extract were comparable to that of standard indomethacin 5 mg/kg (Serotonin induced edema 77.56%; egg albumin induced edema 77.844% inhibition after 4 h). These results suggest that the extract possesses both the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on mice and rat model.

Dosimetric Evaluation of Plans Converted with the DVH-Based Plan Converter

  • Chun, Minsoo;Choi, Chang Heon;Kim, Jung-in;Yoo, Jeongmin;Lee, Sung Young;Kwon, Ohyun;Son, Jaeman;An, Hyun Joon;Kang, Seong-Hee;Park, Jong Min
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
    • /
    • 제29권4호
    • /
    • pp.157-163
    • /
    • 2018
  • Plans converted using dose-volume-histogram-based plan conversion (DPC) were evaluated by comparing them to the original plans. Changes in the dose volumetric (DV) parameters of five volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for head and neck (HN) cancer and five VMAT plans for prostate cancer were analyzed. For the HN plans, the homogeneity indices (HIs) of the three planning target volumes (PTV) increased by 0.03, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively, after DPC. The maximum doses to the PTVs increased by 1.20, 1.87, and 0.92 Gy, respectively, after DPC. The maximum doses to the optic chiasm, optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, lenses, and parotid glands increased after DPC by approximately 4.39, 3.62, 7.55, 7.96, 1.77, and 6.40 Gy, respectively. For the prostate plans after DPC, the HIs for the primary and boost PTVs increased by 0.05 and 0.03, respectively, and the maximum doses to each PTV increased by 1.84 and 0.19 Gy, respectively. After DPC, the mean doses to the rectum and femoral heads increased by approximately 6.19 and 2.79 Gy, respectively, and those to the bladder decreased by 0.20 Gy when summing the primary and boost plans. Because clinically unacceptable changes were sometimes observed after DPC, plans converted by DPC should be carefully reviewed before actual patient treatment.

X선촬영실 내에서의 공간산란선량 변동에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Behavior of the Free Space Scatter dose in X-ray Diagnostic Room)

  • 오현주;김성수;김영일;임한영;김흥태;이후민;김학성;이상석
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
    • /
    • 제17권2호
    • /
    • pp.21-27
    • /
    • 1994
  • In this pauper, when the X-ray exposure condition is 70, 90, 110 kV, 10 mAs, FFD 180 cm, FSO $10{\times}10$, $35{\times}35\;cm$, toward the $36{\times}36{\times}15\;cm$ acryl phantom, the free space scatter dose rate at the 15th points in X-ray diagnostic room was measured by electrometer and 1800 co ionization chamber. Therefore, the free space scatter dose distribution profile was drown, and then, the free space scatter dose contribution percentage was Investigated. The obtained results are summarized as following. 1. The X-ray tube leakage dose rate of the experiment generator at the 1 m from focus was measured maximum 85 mR/hr, minimum 20 mR/hr, therefore, this values was appeared below the KS rules, 2. The free space scatter dose become to larger at the primary X-ray beam around area, and lower at the back ward X-ray tube. The maximum values were 3,812 mR/hr at the front Lt 1 m $45^{\circ}$ point, minimum 117 mR/hr at the back ward 1 m $180^{\circ}C$ point. 3. As the more tube voltage and field size increase, the more free space scatter dose contribution percentage become to increase, as to 90 kV from 70 kV, increase to 12 %, to 110 kV from 90 kV, increase to 18 %, and then, become to 11 % at the $10{\times}10\;cm$ and 87 % at the $35{\times}35\;cm$. 4. The 89 % of the total producted scatter ray occured from acryl phantom, at the X-ray tube housing 6 %, at the front side back wall 5 %. 5. The free space scatter dose contribution percentage at the one point build up 80 % from the phanton direction, 14 % from the X-ray tube and collimator direction, 2.2 % from the front wall, 1.8 % from the side wall, 1.7 % the back wall.

  • PDF