• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.167-176
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• 1988

This study was designed to evaluate the morphology of the temporomandibular joint components and dentofacial characteristics of patients with clicking and painful temporomadibular joint. The materials consisted of 80 conventional pantomographs in normal an symptomatic individuals aged 18-23 and divided into 2 groups by symptom of temporomandibular joint. The results were as follows; 1. In morphologic analysis of condylar head, type Ⅰ (anterior, posterior smooth curve) was most dominant in both group(58.75%, 55.0%) and asymmetrical condylar shape was predominant in symptomatic group (18 cases, 45%). 2. In symptomatic group, the condylar width were slightly lesser and the ratio of condylar height to height of condyle-ramus were larger than those of normal group. 3. Vertical overlap of central incisor of symptomatic group was slightly larger than that of normal group. There was significant differences between each group in mandibular midline deviation. 4. The symptomatic group tended to steep mandibular plane angle and the degree of condylar path and condylar axis of normal group were larger than those of symptomatic group. 5. The condylar width was inversely correlated with inclination of condylar path and inclination of condylar path was correlated with condylar axis in both groups.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.456-461
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• 1991

This is a case report of invasive aspergillosis of the right maxillary antrum and the left lung in a 43 year-old male patient with diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis. The results were as follows. 1. Invasive aspergilliosis should be considered in compromised patients who have nasal symptomatology, infraorbital swelling and pain. 2. Invasive aspergillosis is a rapidly progressive mycotic infection of the sinus which may extend to the orbit, nasal cavity and cheek. 3. Surgical intervention is particularly urgent in orbital aspergillosis in patient in whom the eyesight is still preserved. 4. Diagnosis depends upon pathological demonstration of tissue invasion by organism with the typical morphology of aspergillus species. 5. Long-term antifungal drugs should be administrated postoperatively in pathint with invasive aspergillosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1976

The author observed morphological change in palate development of rat embryo after irradiation of x-ray on the one side of the duplex uterus. The time-matings occured between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m. and all females with copulation plugs at 8 a.m. were isolated and properly marked for evidence of copulation. The lower left abdomen of mothers were exposed to x-radiation on the 7 1/2th, 9 1/2th, 11 1/2th day of gestation, respectively 150, 250, 350, 500rads. At 18 1/2th day of post-conception, the pregnant females were dissected and the contents of the two uteri examined. The translucent sample by Alizarin red S stain were prepared. The results were as follows; 1. The result that groups irradiated by 250rads and 350rads made marked difference in comparison with the control group suggests the x-ray to be a inducing factor of cleft palate. 2. At 11 1/2th day of gestation, incidence of cleft palate induced by x-irradiation was highest. 3. Mortality showed the highest frequency at 7 1/2th day of gestation and tended to decrease in according to increasing of age. 4. Morphology of cleft palate induced by x-irradiation showed similarity in comparison with those induced by other factors having reported ever.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2008

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is widely used in treatment of dentofacial deformities. But, many complications can occur including unfavorable fractures during osteotomy. To prevent these complications, it is necessary to understand comprehensively the anatomy of the mandiular ramus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the madibular ramus in manibular prognathism patients by computed tomography comparing with normal control group. The study group consisted of 33 skeletal class III patients (20 males, 13 females) and the control group consisted of the 52 patients without dentofacial deformities (32 males, 20 females). The mean age of study group was 22.0-year old, and that of control group was 37.1-year. For the CT examination, following scan parameters was used: 1mm slice thickness, 0.5 second scan time, 120kV and 100mA/s. The axial scans of the head were made parallel to the mandibular occlusal plane. The anteroposterior length of the ramus, the distance from anterior border of the ramus to lingula, the relative distance from the anterior border of the ramus to lingula compared to the anteroposterior length of the ramus, the thickness of anterior and posterior cortical plate, the thickness of medial cortical plate of the ramus at lingula level, the thickness of cancellous bone of the ramus at lingula level were measured. The skeletal class III mandibular prognathism patients exhibited shorter anteroposterior length of the ramus, thicker anterior and posterior cortical plate, thinner mediolateral cancellous bone thickness. The lingula has a relative stable anteroposterior position in ramus in all groups. There was higher possibility of fusion of medial and lateral cortical plate at lingula level in the mandibular prognathism group. In conclusion, the mandibular prognathism patients have narrow rami with scanty cancellous bone, which means that careful preoperative examination including CT scan can prevent undesirable fractures during osteotomy.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the radiographic features associated with impacted premaxillary supernumerary teeth, to determine the relationship between their characteristics and their effects on permanent incisors, and to investigate the types of orthodontic treatment that patients received after the extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth. Materials and Methods: The clinical records and radiographs of 193 patients whose impacted premaxillary supernumerary teeth were removed were retrospectively reviewed, and 241 impacted supernumerary teeth were examined. Cone-beam computed tomographic images and panoramic radiographs were examined to determine the number, location, sagittal position, orientation, and morphology of the supernumerary teeth. Their effects on permanent incisors and the orthodontic treatment received by patients after the extraction of the supernumeraries were also investigated. Results: Supernumerary teeth were most frequently observed in the central incisor region, in the palatal position, in the inverted orientation, and were most commonly conical in shape. The most common complication was median diastema, followed by displacement and delayed eruption of the adjacent incisors. Ten (71.4%) of the 14 odontomas showed delayed eruption of the adjacent incisors. Displacement of the incisors was more frequently observed in association with supernumerary teeth with tuberculate or supplemental shapes. Orthodontic traction was most frequently performed after the removal of odontomas. In 32 cases (13.3%), permanent incisors erupted after the orthodontic creation of sufficient space. Conclusion: Median diastema was most common complication. The delayed eruption of incisors was common in supernumerary teeth with a vertical orientation and an odontoma shape.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS. MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION. Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-131
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• 2000

In the study of craniofacial deformity, it is very important that identifying the factor which can affect the morphology and which is closely related to the morphology, because it can not only improve the comprehension of growth and developmental process but also be applied in growth prediction and treatment modality. Several investigators have already mentioned the characterstics of head posture and airway space in relations to morphologic difference. But it is very meaningful work in clarifying the correlation between morphology, head posture and airway space that observing the change of head posture after morplologic change caused by operation and the change of airway space after same procedure. To investigate above correlation, I selected normal group which is consisted of 43 adults and mandibular prognathism group which is consisted of 47 adults who had been operated by sagittal split ramus osteotomy and were followed up more than 1 year. With their lateral skull radiograghs, reference lines which can evaluate each measuring points and areas without effect of postural change were first determined. And using above reference lines, change of airway space, positional change of tongue and hyoid, change of cranial and cervical angulations were measured. The results obtained from the study were as follows 1. In the change of head posture, the position of tongue and hyoid neighboring to pharynx is more closely related to the reference line of cervical column than to reference line of cranium. 2. After mandibular setback operation, the airway dimension was decreased to 81.6% of preoperative state at 1 month postoperatively and was slightly increased to 89.7% at 1 year postoperatively. 3. Posterior movement of tongue plays important role in decrease of airway dimension and inferior movement of hyoid was closely correlated with posterior movement of tongue. 4. Postoperative anterior movement of mandible, namely, morphologic relapse had correlation with relapse phenomenon of airway dimension. 5. Craniocervical angulation increased postoperatively. Especially in the postoperative early state, there was increased foreward inclination of cervical angulation rather than increase of cranial angulation. But at postoperative 1 year it was observed that cervical inclination was returned to preoperative state and cranial angulation was increased gradually. 6. Increase rate of airway dimension was correlated with the increase of cranial angulation from postoperative 1 month to 1 year. In conclusion, relapse tendency of airway dimension following increase of cranial angulation was found after mandibular setback operation and it is considered that increase of cranial angulation is one of compensatory mechanism in airway maintenance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to present a method for endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with unusual C-shaped morphology of the buccal root verified by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. This rare anatomical variation was confirmed using CBCT, and nonsurgical endodontic treatment was performed by meticulous evaluation of the pulpal floor. Posttreatment image revealed 3 independent canals in the buccal root obturated efficiently to the accepted lengths in all 3 canals. Our study describes a unique C-shaped variation of the root canal system in a maxillary first molar, involving the 3 buccal canals. In addition, our study highlights the usefulness of CBCT imaging for accurate diagnosis and management of this unusual canal morphology.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in velar shape according to age, sex, and race using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 170 participants (85 children, 85 adults) between 4 and 34 years of age. Velar morphology was visually classified using midsagittal MRI scans for each participant by 2 independent raters. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify correlations of velar shape with sex, age, and race. Results: The most frequent velar shape was "butt" for both adults(41%) and children (58%) in this study. The least common shapes for adults were "leaf" and "S." The children did not exhibit any "leaf" or "straight" velar shapes. A statistically significant difference was noted for age with respect to velar shape (P=0.014). Sex and race were found to have no significant impact on velar shape in this study. Conclusion: When using MRI to evaluate velar morphology, the "butt" shape was most common in both children and adults. Velar shape varied significantly with age, while race and sex did not have a significant impact.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical anatomy of lower premolar roots in a Spanish population by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), correlating findings with patient gender and tooth type. Materials and Methods: Using 70 CBCT images, we evaluated 126 healthy, untreated, well-developed lower premolars. The number and morphology of roots and root canals, and the foramina number were assessed. Results for gender and tooth type were compared using the chi-squared and ANOVA tests. Results: The average length of teeth and roots was significantly higher in men (p=0.00). All 126 premolars had a single root. One canal was found in 83.3% of the premolars, with no gender or tooth type differences; Vertucci configuration types I and V were the most prevalent. The first premolars showed significantly greater variability than the second premolars (p=0.03). A single apical foramen was found in 89.7% of the premolars, with no differences by tooth type. Women had a significantly higher prevalence of two apical foramina than men (p=0.04). Some degree of curvature was observed in 65% of the premolars, with no differences by gender or tooth type. A root angle of more than $20^{\circ}$ was found in 12.98% of the premolars, without any differences by gender or tooth. Conclusion: All premolars were single-rooted. One canal had the most prevalent morphology. More variability in canal anatomy was found in the first premolars. Curvatures greater than $20^{\circ}$ were found at less than 5 mm from the apex.