• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.57
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• pp.243-282
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• 2013

This study aims to develop the research model about the factors that have impact on uTradeHub users' acceptance and resistance to innovation. The followings show the research hypotheses and the results of test. i) The result of H1 empirical analysis confirmed that relative advantage and task adaptedness of e-Trade have more impact on acceptance of innovation than on resistance to it. And also perceived risk and complicity of e-Trade have more impact on resistance of innovation than on acceptance to it. ii) The result of H2 analysis confirmed that the characteristics of foreign trading companies (support by CEO and IT infra maturity) has more impact on acceptance of innovation than on resistance to it. iii) The result of H3 analysis confirmed that characteristics of uTradeHub user' resistance has more impact on resistance of innovation than on acceptance to it. And also, it was confirmed that acceptance of innovation has more impact on the diffusion of e-Trade than resistance to innovation. iv) The result of H4 analysis confirmed that the difference of the degree and factors that has impact on the user's resistance and acceptance by adoption stage of e-Trade. This study has significance in that it arranges the concept and stages of e-Trade systematically and, unlike other studies, it goes beyond the acceptance and diffusion of e-Trade to the inclusion of resistance together in the model.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

An efficient system for high frequency plant regeneration was established through investigating various factors such as plant growth regulator combinations, explant types and ages, and addition of $AgNO_3$ influenced on shoot regeneration in Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI sarisha-10. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid) and 1 mg/L BA (6-benzyladenine) showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (56.67%) among the different combinations of NAA and BA. Explant type, explant age, and addition of $AgNO_3$ also significantly affected shoot regeneration. Of the four type of explants (cotyledon, hypocotyl, root, and leaf explants)- cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency and hypocotyls explants produced the highest number of shoots per explant, whereas root explants did not produce any shoot. The cotyledonary explants from Four-day-old seedlings showed the maximum shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoots per explant. Shoot regeneration frequency increased significantly by adding $AgNO_3$ to the medium. Two mg/L $AgNO_3$ appeared to be the best for shoot regeneration with the highest shoot regeneration frequency (86.67%) and number of shoots per explant (7.5 shoots). Considerable variation in shoot regeneration from cotyledonay explants was observed within the B. juncea L. genotypes. The shoot regeneration frequency ranged from 47.78% for cv. Shambol to 91.11% for cv. Rai-5. In terms of the number of shoots produced per explant, B. juncea L. cv. Daulot showed the maximum efficiency. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to pot soil and grown to maturity in the greenhouse. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.560-569
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure family resilience for Korean families with a chronically ill child, and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. Method: The items of instruments used based on the researchers' previous study of concept analysis of Korean family resilience. Nineteen item scales were developed with five domains. In order to test reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 231 families, who had a child with a chronic illness. Data was collected between August and September of 2001 in a 3rd level University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Result: The results were as follows: As a result of the item analysis, 19 items were selected from the total of 37 items, excluding items with low correlation with the total scale. Five factors were evolved by factor analysis, which explained 56.4% of the total variance. The first factor 'Family strength' explained 28.5%, 2nd factor 'Family maturity' 8.7%, 3rd factor 'The ability to use of external resources' 7.0%, 4th factor 'Control' 6.6%, 5th factor 'The driving force for finance' 5.7%. The attributes in these factors were different with those identified by concept analysis of the family resilience in Korean families from the previous study. Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficient of this scale was .8039 and Guttman spilt- half coefficient was .8184. Conclusion: The study support the reliability and validity of the scale. Because the main concept of family resilience was family strength, there were distinct differences in dimensions of family functioning scales.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.335-350
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• 2023

Physoderma fungal species cause faba bean gall (FBG) which devastates faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Ethiopian highlands. In three regions (Amahara, Oromia, and Tigray), the relative importance, distribution, intensity, and association with factors affecting FBG damage were assessed for the 2019 (283 fields) and 2020 (716 fields) main cropping seasons. A logistic regression model was used to associate biophysical factors with FBG incidence and severity. Amhara region has the highest prevalence of FBG (95.7%), followed by Tigray (83.3%), and the Oromia region (54%). Maximum FBG incidence (78.1%) and severity (32.8%) were recorded from Amhara and Tigray areas, respectively. The chocolate spot was most prevalent in West Shewa, Finfinne Special Zone, and North Shewa of the Oromia region. Ascochyta blight was found prevalent in North Shewa, West Shewa, Southwest Shewa of Oromia, and the South Gondar of Amhara. Faba bean rust was detected in all zones except for the South Gonder and North Shewa, and root rot disease was detected in all zones except South Gonder, South Wollo, and North Shewa of Amahara. Crop growth stage, cropping system, altitude, weed density, and fungicide, were all found to affect the incidence and severity of the FBG. Podding and maturity stage, mono-cropping, altitude (>2,400), high weed density, and non-fungicide were found associated with increased disease intensities. However, crop rotation, low weed infestation, and fungicide usage were identified as potential management options to reduce FBG disease.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.28
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• pp.165-206
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• 2017

In Daesoon Jinrihoe (The Society of Daesoon Truth), pilgrimages can serve as a medium to experience and spread Daesoon Thought. The purpose of this study is to gauge the empirical impact that the motive of a pilgrimage has on the satisfaction level of the participant and the participant's willingness to revisit the holy place. This study further suggests a variety of propositions to promote pilgrimages and thereby Daesoon Thought. This study employs hierarchical analysis for measuring the correlation between all factors the pilgrimage can entail and also the moderator variables (holy places) in the pilgrimage. The study reveals that empirical motive is one of the most influential factors in determining a given participant's level of satisfaction and willingness to revisit said holy place. It is also revealed also that the religious significance of a holy place plays an important role in satisfaction and future revisitation. This study claims pilgrimages are a form of learning and cultural exchange which promotes Daesoon Thought that enables maturity of religious faith. Thereby, all stake holders in the Daesoon Jinrihoe community including clergy should increase their efforts to raise awareness and recognition of Daesoon Truth.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.205-222
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• 2009

Considering time-lag in the performance evaluation of information system (IS) investment is important because its effect reveals after certain period of time passed. Particularly it is more in the systems of e-government informatization projects which the amount of investment and the scale of business are huge. Many methods to solve this issue have been proposed such as system dynamics methods, simulations, structural equations etc. However, it is still difficult and unsolved problem because collecting practical data for time-lag analysis is very hard. In this paper, we analyze IS time-lag effect through factor analysis using the accumulated practical operational DB data. For the performance evaluation of the G4C system, the representative e-government web portal, we selected eleven factors reflecting time passing in G4C DB data. With these factors this paper conduct time-lag analysis in four view points. First, we conducted 'Stabilizing of G4C system' and got a result that IS is needed about three years for the stabilization. Second, we conducted 'Utilization of G4C system' and got a result that the utilization reaches appropriate level after in three years later after the introduction of G4C system. Third, we conducted 'Cost reduction effect' and got a result that cost reduction is stable in the third year after the introduction of G4C system. Lastly, we conducted 'System maturity effect' and got a result that the system reaches to the quality level that users expect after third to fourth years. According to the results of this research, we found that performance of IS improv continuously not immediately, and it needs three or four years of time-lag.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2020

The method of predicting the future may be predicted by technical characteristics or technical performance. Therefore, technology prediction is used in the field of strategic research that can produce economic and social benefits. In this study, we predicted the future market through the study of how to predict the future with these technical characteristics. The future prediction method was studied through the prediction of the time when the market occupied according to the demand of special product. For forecasting market demand, we proposed the future forecasting model through comparison of representative quantitative analysis methods such as CAGR model, BASS model, Logistic model and Gompertz Growth Curve. This study combines Rogers' theory of innovation diffusion to predict when products will spread to the market. As a result of the research, we developed a methodology to predict when a particular product will mature in the future market through the spread of various factors for the special product to occupy the market. However, there are limitations in reducing errors in expert judgment to predict the market.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2016

There are several existing studies for the weight estimation of offshore plants. However, most of them were applicable at the pre-FEED (Front End Engineering Design) stage. In this paper, a preliminary study on a method for the weight estimation and calculation of offshore EPC (Engineering Procurement Construction) projects is made for the use at the estimation stage after FEED. Based on literature surveys including ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 19901-5 about weight estimation, we proposes new weight factors and a weight curve. Weight factors defined in this study include MTO (Material Take-Off), estimated weight, FEED maturity factor, allowance factor, and contingency factor. The proposed method utilizes bottom-up approach for weight estimation and it can be used for the weight estimation and calculation of offshore EPC projects at the estimation stage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

According to this study, it is estimated that the ILDU historic house was constructed around the late Goryeo period, approximately in the year 1360, and the founder moved to Hamyang no earlier than 1350. The main house, the inner store-house, the inner gatehouse, and the ancestral shrine, which are situated on elevated ground, were initially constructed around 1360, and substantial expansions and renovations occurred around 1620. The shrine was relocated and reconstructed in its present location and form around 1843. Subsequent to that period, it underwent various architectural changes, including repairs and reconstructions. The sub-main house was originally constructed around 1620 and underwent a reconstruction in 1843. The main storehouse was built in 1930. Also, the man's part of house, located on lower ground, was erected in 1843, while the other sub-main house seems to constructed around 1860. The auxiliary buildings, the main gatehouse and the outer storehouse, were initially constructed around 1360. It is estimated that they were similarly relocated and reconstructed in their current form, along with the construction of the man's part of house in 1843. It has undergone a four-stage transformation process, influenced by various internal and external factors, including the local indigenization of the ILDU families of the same clan, as well as the popularization of Confucian ideology. These four stages include its formative period, growth phase, developmental stage, and maturity. It actively incorporated the contemporary factors of change into its residential architecture. This continuous adaptation is evident in its the space and floor plan, ultimately leading to its present-day architectural legacy.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.425-432
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• 2009

The construction industry has been a main pillar and serves as a regulator of the Hong Kong economy. Subsequently, the fluctuations in the level of construction output can induce significant rippling effects to the economy. The Asian Financial Crisis started in 1997 and the SARS outbreak in 2003 both introduced major challenges and impacts to the Hong Kong economy and consequently the construction sector. Such decline in the importance of construction has suggested a possible structural change in the sector. It is worth investigating the driving forces behind the construction demand and see if they have changed after the heavy impacts in the past decade. The above considerations have, therefore, been the motivation of the present study to model the Hong Kong residential construction demand through multiple regression technique which can identify the significant influencing factors to the residential demand. The residential construction is studied as it constitutes a significant portion of the total construction volume. The residential sector has great influence to the general economy of Hong Kong. It is found that the underlying market structure and the driving factors for Hong Kong residential demand before and after the Asian Economic Crisis and SARS outbreak are different, suggesting that the residential construction sector or even the larger construction industry may have undergone a major structural change as Hong Kong's economy approaches maturity. It is also observed that the past literatures on construction demand are mostly focusing on predicting demand under a stable economic environment. Hence, it is worth examining if it is possible to model during economic hardship when the residential sector fluctuate dramatically under different external impacts, such as the recent global financial tsunami.