• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.181-200
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• 2013

This study aimed at exploring how an instructor constructs meanings through content-based instruction (CBI) offered to pre-service teachers majoring in early childhood education. The course, early childhood mathematics education, was conducted during the spring semester in 2011. This study adopted a narrative inquiry, and data were collected through observations, interviews, and work samples. This study found that during the whole process from the preparation phase to the end-of-program evaluation, the instructor captured diverse challenging moments. During the preparation phase, she needed to have careful orchestration in designing lessons in order to overcome her feeling of pressure as a non-native speaker of English and design the integration of contents and English language learning to be truly powerful. In the phase of implementation, the lack of student motivation and building a good rapport between the instructor and the students were certainly challenges. The result of the student evaluations weakened her desire to implement CBI. The instructor incorporated diverse instructional strategies to overcome the obstacles. The instructor's experiences in this study will positively shape future educators' thinking and learning about meaningful and appropriate academic English instruction for content-area teaching of college students who were majoring in early childhood education.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2015

This research proposes the use of a composition modulated (ZrO₂)_x(Al₂O₃)_1-x film as a charge trapping layer for charge trap flash memory; this is possible when the Zr (Al) atomic percent is controlled to form a variable bandgap as identified by the valence band offsets and electron energy loss spectrum measurements. Compared to memory devices with uniform compositional (ZrO₂)_0.1(Al₂O₃)_0.9 or a (ZrO₂)_0.92(Al₂O₃)_0.08 trapping layer, the memory device using the composition modulated (ZrO₂)_x(Al₂O₃)_1-x as the charge trapping layer exhibits a larger memory window (6.0 V) at the gate sweeping voltage of ±8 V, improved data retention, and significantly faster program/erase speed. Improvements of the memory characteristics are attributed to the special energy band alignments resulting from non-uniform distribution of elemental composition. These results indicate that the composition modulated (ZrO₂)_x(Al₂O₃)_1-x film is a promising candidate for future nonvolatile memory device applications.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.435-449
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of teachers' interaction with their students when teaching science in New York (NY) and in Korea. As part of the 2011 Korean International Teacher Fellows (KITF), supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) and the National Institute for International Education Development (NIIED), Korean science teachers observed, for six months, New York's science classes in terms of how teachers interact with their students and how students learn science during science instruction. The participants were 10 science teachers in five middle and high schools that taught Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science, and Environment Science in NY. The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS, 2003) and Instruction as Interaction (Cohen et al., 2003) were used as an instrument to identify each teacher's teaching and classroom interaction. Several characteristics of science classes in NY were revealed, which are different from Korean science classes. First, science teachers in NY dominantly put more focus on their subject of teaching during science interaction while, Korean science teachers not only teach science but also do counseling to students as a homeroom teacher. Second, science teachers in NY acknowledged the students' individuality and have positive experiences of professional development supported by their school and district more than Korean science teachers do. Third, science teachers in NY sometimes showed limited knowledge about the concepts of science and lack of collaboration with other science teachers. This characteristics may prevent the school from strengthening its subject program and keeping equity across the grade levels and courses.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2009

Women engineering education programs in the United States, Europe and Australia were analyzed. From 1970s, these countries focused on the low representation of women in engineering, and carried out extensive research and programs. Numerous studies identified the causes of low representation as low interests in mathematics and science during K-12 years, classroom environments which treat women differently (often referred as chilly climate), and the masculine culture in engineering. Comprehensive approaches were taken in the development of the programs: the programs utilized the schools and universities as well as various local institutes, and the programs were designed not only for female students from elementary to graduate levels, but also for parents, teachers, professors, and school administrators. In order to adopt these programs in Korea, the problems that Korean female engineering students are facing in the education environment must be investigated first. Then, unified efforts to change the educational system, environments and culture are needed by all in engineering fields, along with nation-wide policies and funding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.200-210
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the use of smart phones and their relationship with self-efficacy and academic achievement among students in 5th to 6th grade. Methods: 954 students in $5^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade were selected from three elementary schools in K City through purposive sampling. Data of 591 respondents were analyzed by $x^2$ test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: First, 64% of the students possessed a smart phone and female students used their phone more than male students. 47.5% of the students said they first used a smartphone in their $5^{th}$ grade and 11.7% said in their 6th grade. Second, heavier use of smart phones was related to a lower level of self-efficacy (p<.001). Third, the more the students used a smart phone, the less they achieved in academic performance (Korean language: p<.001, mathematics: p<.01). Finally, the biggest factor influencing smart phone addiction was longer use of smart phones. In addition, lower self-efficacy and lower ability to adapt to difficult tasks were the factors influencing the increase in smart phone addiction. Less use of smart phones and higher self-efficacy resulted in higher achievement in academic performance. Conclusion: It is essential to decrease students' use of smart phones and improve their self-efficacy and academic performance. Intervention programs to reduce the use of smart phones should include a profound interest, a personality-oriented educational environment and sufficient dialogues with students at home, schools and the local society, beyond simple regulations to prevent adverse effects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.397-414
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• 2020

In this paper, practical predictive models for soil shear strength parameters are proposed. As cohesion and internal friction angle are of essential shear strength parameters in any geotechnical studies, we try to predict them via artificial neural network (ANN) and neuro-imperialism approaches. The proposed models was based on the result of a series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reinforced sandy soil. The experimental program surveys the increase in internal friction angle of sandy soil due to addition of polypropylene fibers with different lengths and percentages. According to the result of the experimental study, the most important parameters impact on internal friction angle i.e., fiber percentage, fiber length, deviator stress, and pore water pressure were selected as predictive model inputs. The inputs were used to construct several ANN and neuro-imperialism models and a series of statistical indices were calculated to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the developed models. Both simulation results and the values of computed indices confirm that the newly-proposed neuro-imperialism model performs noticeably better comparing to the proposed ANN model. While neuro-imperialism model has training and test error values of 0.068 and 0.094, respectively, ANN model give error values of 0.083 for training sets and 0.26 for testing sets. Therefore, the neuro-imperialism can provide a new applicable model to effectively predict the internal friction angle of fiber-reinforced sandy soil.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.90-113
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• 2021

Electronic Records Management System (ERMS) is a computer program or set of applications that is utilized for keeping up to date records along with their storage. ERMS has been extensively utilized for enhancing the performance of academic institutions. The system assists in the planning and decision-making processes, which in turn enhances the competencies. However, although ERMS is significant in supporting the process of decision-making, the majority of organizations have failed to take an initiative to implement it, taking into account that are some implementing it without an appropriate framework, and thus resulted in the practice which does not meet the accepted standard. Therefore, this study identifies the factors influencing the adoption of ERMS among employees of HLI in Yemen and the role of such adoption in the decision-making process, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) along with Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE) as the underpinning theories. The study conducts a cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire as the technique for data collection, distributed to 364 participants in various Yemeni public Higher Learning Institutions (HLI). Using AMOS as a statistical method, the findings revealed there are significant and positive relationships between technology factors (effort expectancy, performance expectancy, IT infrastructure and security), organizational factors (top management support, financial support, training, and policy),environmental factors (competitiveness pressure, facilitating conditions and trust) and behavioral intention to adopt ERMS, which in return has a significant relationship with the process of decision-making in HLI. The study also presents a variety of theoretical and empirical contributions that enrich the body of knowledge in the field of technology adoption and the electronic record's domain.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.549-558
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• 2022

The Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to determine which region and location in the Indonesian Archipelago has the most diverse and abundant coral reef fish. The archipelago was divided into four regions: the Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Pacific Ocean. Data were obtained from a national coral reef monitoring program of the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography (RCO)-the National Board for Research and Innovation (BRIN). The reef fish data were collected using the underwater visual census method, from 321 belt transects on 24 locations (districts) across the archipelago. The results show that coral reef fish diversity of the Pacific region was the highest across the archipelago for all three trophic levels, i.e., corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore fish. The Pacific Ocean region also had the highest fish abundance for the three trophic levels. Comparison among locations revealed that the best ten locations in reef fish diversity and abundance were Sabang, Mentawai, Makassar, Selayar, Buton, Luwuk, Ternate, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi. Wakatobi reefs showed their supremacy in carnivore fish diversity and abundance, while Biak reefs were the best in herbivore fish. The abundance of corallivore fish was also considerably high in Sabang reefs, but it is still lower than in Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi reefs. These results provide empirical evidence that the coral reefs of Wakatobi and Biak are the hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine how pre-service teachers' digital capabilities and content knowledge for teaching pi appear and are strengthened in the process of developing digital-based teaching and learning materials of pi, and to derive implications for pre-service teacher education. To this end, the researchers analyzed the process of two pre-service teachers developing exploratory activity materials for teaching pi using block coding of AlgeoMath program. Through the analysis results, it was confirmed that AlgeoMath' block coding activities provided an experience of expressing and expanding the digital capabilities of pre-service teachers, an opportunity to deepen the content knowledge of pi, and to recognize the problems and limitations of the digital learning environment. It was also suggested that the development of digital materials using block coding needs to be used to strengthen digital capabilities of pre-service teachers, and that the curriculum knowledge needs to be emphasized as knowledge necessary for the development of digital teaching and learning materials in pre-service teacher education.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.465-474
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• 2024

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a critical geomechanical parameter that plays a significant role in the evaluation of rocks. The practice of indirectly estimating said characteristics is widespread due to the challenges associated with obtaining high-quality core samples. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the gene expression programming (GEP) technique for the purpose of forecasting the UCS for various rock categories, including Schist, Granite, Claystone, Travertine, Sandstone, Slate, Limestone, Marl, and Dolomite, which were sourced from a wide range of quarry sites. The present study utilized a total of 170 datasets, comprising Schmidt hammer (SH), porosity (n), point load index (Is(50)), and P-wave velocity (Vp), as the effective parameters in the model to determine their impact on the UCS. The UCS parameter was computed through the utilization of the GEP model, resulting in the generation of an equation. Subsequently, the efficacy of the GEP model and the resultant equation were assessed using various statistical evaluation metrics to determine their predictive capabilities. The outcomes indicate the prospective capacity of the GEP model and the resultant equation in forecasting the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The significance of this study lies in its ability to enable geotechnical engineers to make estimations of the UCS of rocks, without the requirement of conducting expensive and time-consuming experimental tests. In particular, a user-friendly program was developed based on the GEP model to enable rapid and very accurate calculation of rock's UCS, doing away with the necessity for costly and time-consuming laboratory experiments.