• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2006

This study focused on the system regarding leave of absence in relation to family welfare, which has become a routine in some western countries, in three different perspectives. Those were the relations between reduced working hours and quality of life, maternal recreation, and finally, relations between infrastructure of vacation and culture. Systematic settlement of reduced working hours and maternal recreation in Germany allowed more time among family members and made large contribution to the improvement of family welfare in general. Since the stability of society is strongly based on the stability of family, Germany deserved to be case-studied as a good model. The recent tendency shows that Korean workers are starting to spend more time with their own family members than with their colleagues, and, as seen in the case of Germany, the stability of family welfare will improve if various infrastructures for family leisure are properly established in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.6 s.84
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• pp.95-116
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to validate a hypothetical path model of maternal childhood attachment, emotions, parenting behaviors, and child behavioral problems. The research was conducted with 240 sets or mothers and their children 70 mother-child teams from seven counseling organizations including the Children's Counseling Clinic, Community Social Welfare Service Center, and Welfare Service Center for the Disabled in Seoul, Incheon, and Pyeongtaek, and 170 elementary school children from Seoul and their mothers. Consequently, a total of 200 mother-child teams were selected for this study. The data in this study were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program and LISREL 8.3 program. The result of this study is as follows: (1) Examining the path of paternal attachment and the internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, it was noted that paternal attachment had the indirect effect of anxiety and over-protection on the path to internalizing problems and the indirect effect of anxiety also noted is that there is a full-mediation of anxiety and over-protection between paternal attachment and the internalizing problems. (2) Examining the path of maternal attachment and the internalizing problems, it was noted that maternal attachment has direct effect on the internalizing problems. Maternal attachment has the indirect effect of self-esteem depression, anxiety and over-protection on the Path, and the indirect effect of self-esteem, anxiety and over-protection. (3) Examining the path of maternal attachment and the externalizing problems, it was noted that maternal attachment has direct effect on the externalizing problems and on the path to the externalizing problems, and maternal attachment has the indirect effect of depression, the indirect effect of self-esteem and authoritarian control, and the indirect effect of self-esteem and depression.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sex of adolescent and SES of the family, maternal attachment and child-rearing behavior on adolescent's self-esteem. The subjects were 234 pairs of adolescents attending at junior-middle schools and their mothers in Kwangju. The questionnaires were used to collect the datas on maternal attachment and child-rearing behavior and adolescent's self-esteem. The results were as follows : 1. The effects of maternal attachment types on maternal child-rearing behaviors did not found significantly. 2. Maternal'love'and'authoritarian' child-rearing behavior, sex of adolescent were found significantly influential variables on adolescent's self-esteem. 3. Due to sex and levels of self-esteem, the influences of variables were found differently.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

This study investigated the relationship between infants' temperament and mothers' parenting stress. This investigation is done by focusing on the interaction effects between the infants' temperament and maternal factors. A total of 1,120 infants and their mothers from a national sample were selected as subjects for carrying this investigation. The EAS (Emotionality, Activity and Sociality) Temperament Survey for Children: Parental Ratings was used to measure the infants' emotionality temperament, and PSI-SF(Parenting Stress Index-Short Form), KMSS(Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and a survey on socio-demographic variables were used for the maternal factors. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the parenting stress was significantly different according to the infants'emotionality temperament. Most importantly, there were significant interaction effects between the infants' emotionality temperament and maternal factors(education level, employment status and marital satisfaction). The results were discussed in terms of the goodness of fit of the temperament and parenting models.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of temperament of child, maternal parenting behavior, social support. The data was collected from 5th to 6th grade 405 children living in Kwangju. For statistical analysis, Cranbach' ${\alpha}$, and hierarchical regression analysis were used. The results were summarized as follows: as a result of making a hierarchical regression analysis to find out the relative impact of gender on Ego-Resilience, sub-factors of child's temperament, maternal parenting behavior, and family and friend's social support were identified as the most important variables and predictors of ego-resilience. These results indicated that ego-resilience was the most significant variable to predict a child's temperament(attention). Ego-resilience was impacted according to the child's temperament(activity mood), friend support, maternal parenting behavior(rational guidance), in addition to the child's temperament(activity level).

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of maternal perception of children's temperament on parenting stress. The subjects of this study were 303 mothers of four to six-year-old. Evaluations of Parent and Teacher temperament questionnaire for Children 3-7 years of age(Tomas, Chess, & Kom, 1977)(korean version) was used to measure children's temperament, and PDH(Parenting Daily Hassles) was used to measure maternal perception of parenting stress. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Peasons's Correlation and multiple regression analysis and Duncan test for post test by SPSS WIN program. The results of this study were as follows; First, the average level of maternal perception of children's temperament was the highest in the category of adaptability and the lowest in the category of threshold of responsiveness. Second, maternal perception of children's temperament was significantly different according to children's sex. Boys were perceived higher than girls for the category of activity level. Third, the degree of daily hassles was explained by adaptability, the quality of mood, and activity level relatively, while the intensity of parenting stress could be predicted orderly by adaptability, threshold of responsiveness, attention span & persistence, regularity, and activity level. Fourth, mother's daily hassles was explained 22% valiance by children's temperament such as adaptability, the quality of mood, and activity level. Future research should be done to identify the interaction of temperamental factors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to find the relational influences of maternal child rearing behavior and peer acceptance on children's self esteem. The sample subject were 200 of fourth/sixth grade of elementary school. The major findings of the research were as follows : First, the scores of peer acceptance, social acceptance, behavior conduct, global self-worth and affect tend to be over the mean scores. Second, the influences of maternal child rearing behaviors and peer acceptance on children's self esteem found significant due to the sub-areas of self-esteem. The affectionate child rearing affects all sub-areas of self-esteem. Overprotection and peer acceptance affect social acceptance. In addition, gender affect cognitive ability and fade affects global self-worth.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.243-255
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• 2008

This study analyzed relations among maternal parenting behavior, infant development and parenting stress focusing on the moderating effect of parenting stress. Subjects were 30 infants and their mothers. After videotaping the mother-infant free play session, maternal parenting was analyzed by the Parent Child Interaction Play Assessment(Mash & Terdal, 1981); mothers' parenting stress was measured by questionnaire. Infant development was measured individually by the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development (K-BSID-II). Correlation analyses revealed that infant cognitive development correlated significantly with maternal parenting behavior (attention) but the relation between them was moderated by maternal parenting stress; only the low parenting stress group showed a positive relationship between maternal parenting behavior and infant development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.71-85
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• 2010

This study examined the moderating role of young children's playfulness and the association between maternal parenting and young children's peer competency. The subjects of the present study were 132 4 or 5-year-old young children and their mothers recruited from child-care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do. The findings of this Study were as follows : First, maternal parenting influenced children's peer competency. Second, young children's playfulness influenced young children's peer competency. Third, the association between overprotective and permissive maternal parenting styles and young children's leadership abilities were negative only in the low cognitive playfulness group. Fourth, the association between maternal rejective and negligent parenting and young children's socialibility were found to be negative only in the low physical playfulness group.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2008

This study examined the influences on maternal acceptance-rejection and mediating effects of parenting stress. Participants were 150 mothers of children aged 3 to 6 in Seoul and Jeju. Research questions were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results showed that children's age, congenital diseases or anomalies, planned pregnancy, and father's occupation influenced maternal acceptance-rejection directly. Mothers' perceived treatment in childhood and fathers' age influenced parenting stress; parenting stress, in turn, influenced maternal acceptance-rejection. Fathers' age influenced parenting stress negatively; parenting stress, in turn, influenced maternal acceptance-rejection positively.