• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.51-87
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• 2003

This study aims primarily to discuss the question 'What does the red fashion boom in Korean society during the 2002 World Cup mean\ulcorner' For this question, it describes fashion phenomena and characteristics that appeared during the time. Specifically, in order to understand the concrete essence of the red fashion boom in terms of clothing and textiles, this study classifies and describes the red fashion boom as 'object, process and symbol' concepts. It investigates each case within the context of fashion. Outside that context, then, the implications of the red fashion boom are examined based on cultural studies and other sociocultural perspectives. This question is considered by focusing on social pressures as ideology, looking at the voluntary behaviour of Korean people in this context and examining several other factors. This is an investigation of the relationship between fashion, society and culture pursuing fashion theory by reviewing the relevant theoretical backgrounds afforded by the humanities and the social sciences. Based upon the above theoretical discussions, it synthesises what factors contributed to the Korean red fashion boom. Finally, this study briefly states their applicability to cultural marketing in its practical aspects. This study has attempted to throw some light on the question 'What does the red fashion boom in Korean society during the 2002 World Cup mean\ulcorner' The Korean Red Fashion Boom emerged from its interrelation with each context of the World Cup, as in the dualism of 'Janus'. That is, the World Cup functioned as the positive face of a festival that collected deep emotions and passion and contributed to the integration of society. Whereas its negative face, ideologically speaking, personified the invisible capitalistic product produced by the nation, enterprises and the mass media. And the implications of the red fashion boom can be interpreted with reference to the two faced World Cup.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.275-282
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• 2017

Grouting is an operation often carried out to consolidate and seal the rock mass in dam sites and tunnels. One of the important parameters in this operation is grouting pressure. In this paper, analytical models used to estimate pressure are investigated. To validate these models, grouting data obtained from Seymareh and Aghbolagh dams were used. Calculations showed that P-3 model from Groundy and P-25 model obtained from the results of grouting in Iran yield the most accurate predictions of the pressure and measurement errors compared to the real values in P-25 model in this dams are 12 and 14.33 Percent and in p-3 model are 12.25 and 16.66 respectively. Also, SPSS software was applied to define the optimum relation for pressure estimation. The results showed a high correlation between the pressure with the depth of the section, the amount of water take, rock quality degree and grout volume, so that the square of the multiple correlation coefficient among the parameters in this dams were 0.932 and 0.864, respectively. This indicates that regression results can be used to predict the amount of pressure. Eventually, the relationship between the parameters was obtained with the correlation coefficient equal to 0.916 based on the data from both dams generally and shows that there is a desirable correlation between the parameters. The outputs of the program led to the multiple linear regression equation of P=0.403 Depth+0.013 RQD+0.011 LU-0.109 V+0.31 that can be used in estimating the pressure.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to analyze the thermal performance through Test-Cell of TI-wall in domestic climate. This study was carried out as follows: 1) The TI-wall was studied for ability to reduce heat loss through the building envelope and analyzed to TIM properties. 2) Test models of TI-wall were designed through the investigation of previous paper and work, measured for winter and spring, and the thermal effects were analyzed. The type of the TIM used in test model is small-celled(diameter 4mm and thickness 50mm) capillary and cement brick(density $1500kg/m^3$) was used by thermal mass. 3) Test-cell of TI-wall was calibrated from measured data and the dynamic simulation program ESP-r 9.0. In these simulations, the measured climate conditions of TaeJon were used as outdoor conditions, and the simulation model of Test-cell was developed. 4) The sensitivity analysis is executed in various aspects with standard weather files and ESP-r 9.0, and then most suitable system of TI-wall are predicted. Finally, The suitable system of TI-wall was analysed according to sizes of air gap, kinds, thickness, and the surface absorption of therm wall. The result is following. In TI-wall, Concrete is better than cement brick, at that time the surface absorption is 95%, and the most efficient thickness is 250mm. As smaller of a air gap, as reducer of convection heat loss, it is efficient for heating energy. However, ensuring of a air gap at least more than 50mm is desirable for natural ventilation in Summer.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 1999

This is study to estimate the pump induced vibration in time and frequency domain by frequency response function between two points in case of 20Hp and 50Hp centrifugal pumps. The frequency response function has real and imaginary information of signals, and response function has also real and imaginary information. So the vibration force can be obtained from the response function and frequency response function by complex calculation. And it is compared with the theoretically estimated values and it is suggested that the amplitude of vibration with main frequency is about 10~25% of pump and motor weight, and the magnitude of unbalanced mass is about 30~60% of pump and motor weight to estimated vibration force in time domain. There are the other kinds of vibration components with different frequency values of 2~3 times of its main frequency, and these kinds of information are used to control the tuning ratio between operating frequency of pump and structural frequency of concrete slab.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.75-86
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• 1996

Current methods to estimate the earth pressure for retaining wall analysis are based on Rankine or Coulomb approaches, in which the soil mass behind wall is assumed to reach to failure state with sufficient lateral movements. Some of recent research works carried out by field measurements reveal that the active earth. pressures by Ranking or Coulomb method are underestimated. It means that the lateral movements of wall and soil would not be mobilized enough to reach the failure state. In this study, the finite element method with Drucker -Prager model for soil is employed to investigate the behavior of concrete cantile,tier retaining wall, together with the influence of inclined backfill. The results indicate that the earth pressures on the retaining wall are strongly related to the mobilized lateral movements of wall and soil and that Ranking and Coulomb methods underestimate the resultant earth pressures and the increasing effect on earth pressure by inclined backfill. Based on this study, a simplified method to determine to earth pressures on cantilever retaining wall with horizontal backfill is proposed.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Starting in modern times by Le Corbusier, architectures made by concretes are still developing in these times. For several decades, the shape of box architecture has been the most familiar type of buildings. Of course "The concrete is the type of box building" isn't always right, but what we have most seen was the buildings which has been stylized and made by concretes. Through modern times to these days based on international style and functionalism, the type of box building was the most effective and good profit type of architecture which has not disregarded the capitalism. Free-form building are becoming a common place, and many of these are designed and constructed using sophisticated techniques. The main technique being used is Generative Technology of Form for free-form construction. People's interest is growing in this, and it is becoming widely used both abroad and domestically. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of Generative Technology of Form which is a digitally adapted design methodology in architecture. The digital design process used for contemporary buildings share many typical features that exist within a standard digital template, but also an increasing amount of mass customization that has to be produced at an additional cost. This paper will summarize these features in terms of free-form architecture, and in terms of the digital design process. In fact, 3D models have to be conceded as main design products considering features of Free Form Design Architecture. However it is practical to design twice over, because all forms of architectural drawings are 2D. From now on, design of Free Form Design Building is not to separate between design process and practical process, but to compound them as unified design system applied the process to communicate information interactively. For this, it should be required to impose unified digital design process and perform researches about effective way to apply in the field of Free-form Design Architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control and the relative influence of individual variables affecting children's attempts to control weight. The study subjects were 319 elementary school children. First, the average body height and weight of the children who participated in this study was somewhat larger in boys and similar in girls, as compared with the normal body shape of Korean children. More boys were classified as overweight than girls, based on BMI. Both boys and girls were dissatisfied with their body shape, and especially the girls showed higher dissatisfaction rate than the boys did. Almost half of the children were concerned about weight control and girls had higher concern than boys. Of the children, 38.8% had controlled their weight; however there was no difference between their sexes. There were significant differences between children who had and had not experienced weight control in the following variables: stress caused by obesity, body satisfaction, BMI, subjective body shape perception and concern about weight control. Therefore, discriminant function analysis was performed to determine the discrimination of these variables between the two groups. From the analysis results, the most critical factor was BMI in the boys and concern about weight control in the girls. This finding should be reflected in the design of weight control programs for children i.e., boys should be encouraged to perceive correctly their own body shape and to control weight by maintaining a well-balanced diet and moderate exercise over a long period of time, rather than by skipping meals, while girls should be inspired with sound values and attitudes regarding their body shape, rather than provided with the concrete information on how to control weight.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.7
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

This article deals with military thought in general. First I tried to distinguish 'thought' from 'theory', 'philosophy', and 'principle'. Thought means the act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject, e.g. military affairs in the present discussion. Theory means a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas which are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation. Philosophy means the use of reason in understanding such things as the nature of reality and existence, the use and limits of knowledge. Principle means a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works. Chapter 3 summarized the characteristics of military thoughts into five points', (i) it is closely related with concrete experiences of a nation; (ii) it includes philosophical and logical arguments; (iii) it relies heavily on the political thought of a nation; (iv) it includes necessarily value-judgments; (v) it contains visions of a nation which are not only descriptions or explanations of military affairs, but also evaluations and advocacies. Chapter 4 considers the relation of international political thoughts to military thought. Throughout the history of the modem states system there have been three competing traditions of thought: the Hobbesian or realist tradition, which views international politics as a state of war; the Kantian or universalist tradition, which sees at work in international politics a potential community of mankind; and the Grotian or internationalist tradition, which views international politics as taking place within an international society. Chapter 5 considers the law of war, which is a body of law concerning acceptable justifications to engage in war (jus ad bellum) and the limits to acceptable wartime conduct (jus in bello). Among other issues, modem laws of war address declarations of war, acceptance of surrender and the treatment of prisoners of war, military necessity along with distinction and proportionality, and the prohibition of certain weapons that may cause unnecessary suffering.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.281-313
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• 2013

A physician has to do his best for the better treatment of his patiensts. But, if a physician cannot remedy his patients because of the lack of hospital facilities, the lack of medical knowledge and etc., the physician must transfer his patients to another suitable hospital immediately. This is called the duty of interhospital transfer of patients. The necessity of interhospital transfer of patients is primarily ocurred in emergency medical care situations. The Supreme Court Decision 2010DO7070 delivered on April 29, 2010 is one of the important decisions related to the duty of interhospital transfer of patients. The Supreme Court ruled that there were the physician's medical malpractice and the causation between the physician's medical malpractice and the death of patient, as the physician has left the patient without due observations for 1 hour and 30 minutes after the caesarean operation inspite of mass bleeding during the operation, and has transferred the patient to another suitable hospital later. And the Supreme Court ruled that the transferring physician has to explain the situation of the patient in detail to the physician being transferred. I agree with the Supreme Court Decision. As decided by the Supreme Court, physicians will treat their patients more carefully and in case of necessity for transfer, physicians will transfer their patients with more caustion. However, the study for this issue should be continued hereafter because concrete standards are not given to lawers and physicians just by the Supreme Court Decisions itself.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.60
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• pp.172-192
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• 2012

Over the last ten years, media convergence and multiple platform expansion have affected the ways that people watch conventional television. In the post-TV era, the growing use of the Internet and mobile multi-media devices, such as smart phones, as well as the availability of abundant television content, allows television consumption to be more personalized, diversified, and linked with various media activities, especially social media uses. This study attempts to examine how television viewing experiences have been transformed with the development of the trans-media uses. Based on Walter J. Ong's concept of relation-ism, which posits that new media transform the meanings and relevance of old media rather than making old media obsolete, this study will pay particular attention to how the cultural meanings of television viewing have been redefined in the post-TV era. For the examination, this study has looked at concrete cases of the television viewing experiences of 29 young people in their twenties. Based on in-depth interview data, this study discusses the newly emerging characteristics of television viewing, its temporal and spatial experiences, and the significance of television as a medium and as a social place.