• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.38-50
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• 2008

The site-specific seismic responses and corresponding seismic hazards are influenced mainly by the subsurface geologic and geotechnical dynamic characteristics. To estimate reliably the seismic responses in this study, a geotechnical information system (GTIS) within GIS framework was developed by introducing new concepts, which consist of the extended area containing the study area and the additional site visit for acquiring surface geo-knowledge data. The GIS-based GTIS was built for Gyeongju area, which has records of abundant historical seismic hazards reflecting the high potential of future earthquakes. At the study area, Gyeongju, intensive site investigations and pre-existing geotechnical data collections were performed and the site visits were additionally carried out for assessing geotechnical characteristics and shear wave velocity ($V_S$) representing dynamic property. Within the GTIS for Gyeongju area, the spatially distributed geotechnical layers and $V_S$ in the entire study area were reliably predicted from the site investigation data using the geostatistical kriging method. Based on the spatial geotechnical layers and $V_S$ predicted within the GTIS, a seismic zoning map on site period ($T_G$) from which the site-specific seismic responses according to the site effects can be estimated was created across the study area of Gyeongju. The spatial $T_G$ map at Gyeongju indicated seismic vulnerability of two- to five-storied buildings. In this study, the seismic zonation based on $T_G$ within the GIS-based GTIS was presented as regional efficient strategy for seismic hazard prediction and mitigation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.241-253
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• 2008

Recently, it is appearing that new paradigm of urban planning that ubiquitous concept such as the u-City, uECO-City is introduced while is rising necessity about third dimensional geo-spatial information of high quality for urban area. Orthophoto can manufacture by expense and time that is less easily than digital map using personal computer even if is not highly technician and according as position relation between manmade feature and natural feature is equal, can get information of distance, angle, horizontal and vertical position coordinate of topographic, area etc.. directly through orthophoto. Also, visual effect is good that orthophoto is expressed by image and interpretation is easy to detailed part of topographic. Manufacture and practical use are consisting in various field, for it is having advantage that can recognize information effectively than digital map. Therefore, this study presents a way of generating a detailed DSM for producing a true-orthphoto of the urban area, and this study also presents a way to produce an optimum true-orthophoto for an urban area by investigating through experiment the optimum variable for the geometric and radiometric correction of the orthophoto. This study also examined the potentials of the thesis by building a 3-dimensional city model of the model region with the above thesis on optimum generating method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop the District-level Planning Support System (DPSS) by using GIS. The district-level planning which is related for district-level control of city, needs the various parcel-level information which is composing the urban physical environment. The information has to be stored and analyzed for recognizing the study area, then the district-level planning will be efficiently managed. The use of GIS in the process of district-level planning is restricted for the creation of thematic map. GIS is not used for the analysis of spatial patterns and planning process. This study evaluates the characteristics of current district-level planning and the basic components of urban physical environment. And the database model is built. The topology among components is defined by using the spatial relationship. Then the spatial query machine for district-level planing is developed by using ArcView 3.1, Avenue and Dialog Extension. This spatial query machine is applied for case study. This study shows 1) the possibility of the district-level planning support system for analyzing spatial relationship, 2) the needs of the up-to-date topographic map showing current building's footlines and the complete integration with cadastral maps, it will reduce the uncertainty in the spatial decision making process, 3) the methodology for the construction of spatial decision making rules, 4) the further study for the using of raster, network, image and three dimension data.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.14 no.1 s.35
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• pp.49-55
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• 2006

Nowadays, flood hazard maps have been generated to minimize the damages from the flooding. To generate such flood hazard maps, LiDAR data can be used as data source with higher data accuracy. LiDAR data, however, requires relatively higher cost and longer processing time. In this background, this study proposed DEM generation using NGIS digital topographic maps. For that, breaklines were processed to count directions of water flows. In addition, the river profile data, unique data source to represent real topography of the river area, were integrated to the breaklines to generate DEM. City of Kuri in Kyunggi Province was selected for this study and 1:1,000 and 1:5,000 topographic maps were integrated to process breaklines and river profile data were also linked to generate DEM. The generated DEM showed relatively lower vertical accuracy from mixing 1:1,000 and 1:5,000 topographic maps since 1:1,000 topographic maps were not available for some portion of the area. However, the DEM generated demonstrated reasonable accuracy and resolution for flood map generation as well as higher cost saving effects. On the contrary, for more efficient utilization of NGIS topographic maps, periodic map updating needs to be made including technical consideration in building breaklines and applying interpolation methods.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2020

This study examines machine learning cross-validation to utilized create ROI for classification of land cover. The study area located in Sejong and one KOMPSAT-3A image was used in this analysis: procedure on October 28, 2019. We used four bands(Red, Green, Blue, Near infra-red) for learning cross validation process. In this study, we used K-fold method in cross validation and used SVM kernel type with cross validation result. In addition, we used 4 kernels of SVM(Linear, Polynomial, RBF, Sigmoid) for supervised classification land cover map using extracted ROI. During the cross validation process, 1,813 data extracted from 3,500 data, and the most of the building, road and grass class data were removed about 60% during cross validation process. Based on this, the supervised SVM linear technique showed the highest classification accuracy of 91.77% compared to other kernel methods. The grass' producer accuracy showed 79.43% and identified a large mis-classification in forests. Depending on the results of the study, extraction ROI using cross validation may be effective in forest, water and agriculture areas, but it is deemed necessary to improve the distinction of built-up, grass and bare-soil area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.6_1
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• pp.1367-1377
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings in Gyeongju city starting with the earthquake that occurred in the city on September 12, 2016, and produce a seismic vulnerability map. 11 influence factors related to geotechnical, physical, and structural indicators were selected to assess the seismic vulnerability, and these were applied as independent variables. For a dependent variable, location data of the buildings that were actually damaged in the 9.12 Gyeongju Earthquake was used. The assessment model was constructed based on random forest (RF) as a mechanic study method and support vector machine (SVM), and the training and test dataset were randomly selected with a ratio of 70:30. For accuracy verification, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to select an optimum model, and the accuracy of each model appeared to be 1.000 for RF and 0.998 for SVM, respectively. In addition, the prediction accuracy was shown as 0.947 and 0.926 for RF and SVM, respectively. The prediction values of the entire buildings in Gyeongju were derived on the basis of the RF model, and these were graded and used to produce the seismic vulnerability map. As a result of reviewing the distribution of building classes as an administrative unit, Hwangnam, Wolseong, Seondo, and Naenam turned out to be highly vulnerable regions, and Yangbuk, Gangdong, Yangnam, and Gampo turned out to be relatively safer regions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is development of the management and guide system for convenient use of new address guide system for systematic management and use of spatial information gained by mapping of numerical map of building and road to large basic new address, survey and input of main gate, decision of the road session, naming and input of road name, grant of numbering of all houses and buildings, new address guide, real life geographical information and added information service on web site in Jecheon-si city area. In this study, the development and establishment of new address management and guide system in local cities are designed by making full use of GIS function of client server based system. A guide system is designed the same database as management system, and it is transformed into Web GIS environment and developed in order to add the various functions of life GIS as well as new address guide. In the result, the effectiveness of new address system and guide of Jecheon-si city could be highly increased owing to not only citizens' easy access but also easy availability of various informations necessary in life by developed its system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.437-444
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• 2020

A lunar rover's optical camera is used to provide navigation and terrain information in an exploration zone. However, due to the scant presence of atmosphere, the Moon has homogeneous terrain with dark soil. Also, in extreme environments, the rover has limited data storage with low computation capability. Thus, for successful exploration, it is required to examine feature detection and matching methods which are robust to lunar terrain and environmental characteristics. In this research, SIFT, SURF, BRISK, ORB, and AKAZE are comparatively analyzed with lunar terrain images from a lunar rover. Experimental results show that SIFT and AKAZE are most robust for lunar terrain characteristics. AKAZE detects less quantity of feature points than SIFT, but feature points are detected and matched with high precision and the least computational cost. AKAZE is adequate for fast and accurate navigation information. Although SIFT has the highest computational cost, the largest quantity of feature points are stably detected and matched. The rover periodically sends terrain images to Earth. Thus, SIFT is suitable for global 3D terrain map construction in that a large amount of terrain images can be processed on Earth. Study results are expected to provide a guideline to utilize feature detection and matching methods for future lunar exploration rovers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.194-205
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop a pedestrian multi-agent model and simulation system using multi-agent theory, which may be utilized as a planning support system for building a comfort and safe environment of pedestrian street. Differing from existing pedestrian models, however, every single pedestrian was regarded as an individual agent in the model. Multiple agents like multiple pedestrians in the street then maintain their own characteristics and respond to surrounding environment. In addition their moving behavior are made by their own decision rules that they have or had acquired through the interactive communications or learning between agents like real world. After verifying the model validation, as the $R^2$ between the predicted value and observed value was up to 0.781, the developed model was applied to Gazwa district within Gyeongsang university village. The simulation system was developed by Flash MX action scripts and the physical environment of the streets was configured with the digital map and ArcGis within computer virtual space. The attribute data of buildings such as type and size of commercial business were collected through the field survey and combined with physical features. Then the effect of the variation of building attractiveness and the occurrence of street events to pedestrian environment were simulated. Through the experiments this study could make suggestions to improve pedestrian environment.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.103-128
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• 2002

As a result of trying the various manufacturing methods considering the reality of manpower and equipments with this manual, the following standardized procedures and contents can be suggested. (1) Since tools presenting Rock-Drill data must formalize the order of explanation although explainers are different, it will be valid that it is configured by existing power point method rather than by web document type. Composition of contents are selected on the basis of defence card and survey and then 8 items including initial screen, peripheral conditions, mobilization route, general conditions, use and structure by floor, department of vehicle consideration in activities and end screen are included. (2) Making methods and cautions of data included and used in power point are as follows ; - It was most effective that objects of fire fighting and location of neighboring fire fighting water were expressed by electronic map and drawing of inner building was made by scanning it after paining general architecture drawing(plan by each floor) rather than using drawing tools of EXCEL program or CAD drawing. And it was helpful to simplify contents of architecture drawing to wall, stairs and gate in understanding them. - Photographing of video data should be taken to show available fire fighting facilities in fire, use of planned space and the whole inner structure of each floor from the inside of fire fighting buildings and to display play time between 10 sec. and 1 min, for obstacles to distance from adjacent buildings or passage of special vehicles and fire fighting water from the outside of the building. - File format of video data taken in this way is most suitable to use wmv(window media video) or asf(advanced streaming format) type in consideration of time required for export, screen quality, file capacity and play type in Rock-Drill through network. - Still screen(photo) is more effective to express the department of fire fighting vehicles or other equipments than using video. (3) In configuration work of power point, hyper link was used most and configured to see any part at any situation like web document and then uniformity of presentation order of power point was complemented. (4) In case of sales facilities with the area of $35.557m^2$, the time of 22 hours and 30 minutes for five days was taken with five persons. Therefore, when eight-hour works a day were calculated, the whole process of video work for Rock-Drill can be finished with three day works.