• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.556-566
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• 2002

Gunpo city, a medium sized city formed with a basin is populated with a little more than 270,000 peoples and includes the industrial area with about 600 factories. It has been recognized for a long time that peoples living nearby industrial area have complained on serious air contamination due to the geographical and environmental factors. This study was performed on measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and malodor for the air sampled in various places of Gunpo city, and made comparison with VOCs levels in specific area of Seoul. This work would play important role for the efficient management of air contamination of Gunpo city. Samplings were done in the rooftop of eleven village office buildings including Gunpo station in June 12th, 2001. Analytical results indicate that VOCs levels of Gunpo-1-dong, Gunpo station and Kumjungdong regions neighboring industrial area were much higher than the rest of areas, and this fact shows that the origin for air contamination of Gunpo would be industrial area than car exhaustion gases.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2017

Due to the increase in awareness of school safety after the Sewol ferry disaster, it became necessary to improve the capability to prevent a safety accident at school and to respond to an accident in the case of emergency as well as the awareness of safety issues. Therefore, it is necessary for educational institutions to reinforce safety measures autonomously, and the importance of supports and cooperation from agencies related to the safety of local community is also emphasized. However, it is quite difficult for schools and the Office of Education to prevent safety accidents only with their own capability, and safety accidents can be prevented through the supports from agencies involved in safety of local communities. Therefore, the status and cooperation system of educational institutions and relevant authorities were reviewed theoretically in this study. In addition, a field investigation was carried out to examine the awareness of disaster and safety, and cooperation status of officials in charge of practical disaster-related works. Moreover, this study intended to present a measure to establish the safety cooperation system between educational institutions and agencies involved in safety of local community in the future based on the findings.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.228-237
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• 2004

ASE (accelerated solvent extraction) was used to develop an analytical method for reducing the sample preparation time in pesticide residues analyses of agricultural produce. The conditions of ASE were as follows: preheat 1 min, heat 5 min, static 1 min, solvent flush% 60 vol., nitrogen purge 60 sec, 4 cycles, 1,500 psi pressure, and $100^{\circ}C$ temperature. When n-hexane:acetone (4 : l, v/v) was used as, an extraction solvent, the extraction and purification efficiency of ASE did not show the considerable difference compared with solvent extraction, and the reduction of extraction solvent did not affect the performance of extraction. It was proved that ASE method can reduce, sample preparation time as the extraction and purification steps were combined, and the extraction solvent was significantly reduced.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2004

To investigate the changes in content of residual pesticides for safety production of young radishes in the production steps in greenhouse and to evaluate the safety of young radishes in the final consuming step, biological half-life of pesticides (diazinon, endosulfan) in packaging products was studied. Samples were collected regularly from 2 hours to 10 days after the distribution of pesticides in young radishes. The contents of residual pesticides in young radishes during cultivating in greenhouse as the levels of distribution concentrations reduced with time. During 10 days of pesticides distribution, decomposition rate of pesticides were diazinon > endosulfan. A half-life of endosulfan was 0.6 day longer than diazinon because endosulfan derived persistent endosulfan sulfate. To produce the safe young radish, after the distribution of the pesticides the desirable harvest time based on maximum residue limit (MRL) was 6th day diazinon for and 10th day for endosulfan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2009

A Nautical Publication is a special purpose book, or a specially compiled database, that is issued officially by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other elevant ogvernment institution and is designed to meet the requirements of marine navigation Nautical publications include list of lights, Buoys, Beacons, Radio Siganals, Sailing directions. The SNPWG(Standardization Nautical Publications Working Group) from the IHO is working to implement in computer systems all those elements of interest for Hydrography and Navigation Concerning the nautical publications digitization process, the SNPWG has defined three types of nautical publication: Type 1 : Hard copy(NP1), Type 2 : Digital version, A slight modification of type 1(NP2), Type 3 : Digital version for ECDIS(NP3). Nautical Publication is essential with nautical charts as refrerence information to navigation. Development of digital nautical publication is needed for liaison with charts production system, up-to-dateness of hydrographic information, improvement of service. But, korea's status is positioned in NP1. In our study, we surveyed the present status of nautical publciation for strategy of digital nautical publication development. Also, we build database of south coast of sailing direction and develp a program for compilation and management of sailing direction.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.2
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• pp.443-452
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• 2004

The paper presents an intelligent space management system for ubiquitous computing. The system is basically a home/office automation system that could control light, electronic key, and home appliances such as TV and audio. On top of these basic capabilities, there are four elegant features in the system. First, we can access the system using either a cellular Phone or using a browser on the PC connected to the Internet, so that we control the system at any time and any place. Second, to provide more human-oriented interface, we integrate voice recognition functionalities into the system. Third, the system supports not only reactive services but also proactive services, based on the regularities of user behavior. Finally, by exploiting embedded technologies, the system could be run on the hardware that has less-processing power and storage. We have implemented the system on the embedded board consisting of StrongARM CPU with 205MHz, 32MB SDRAM, 16MB NOR-type flash memory, and Relay box. Under these hardware platforms, software components such as embedded Linux, HTK voice recognition tools, GoAhead Web Server, and GPIO driver are cooperated to support user-friendly intelligent space.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.9-19
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• 2006

The accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is important for the proper management of groundwater systems. The widely used techniques of groundwater recharge estimation include water table fluctuation method, baseflow separation method, and annual water balance method. However, these methods can not represent the temporal-spatial variability of recharge resulting from climatic condition, land use, soil storage and hydrogeological heterogeneity because the methods are all based on the lumped concept and local scale problems. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present an effective method for estimating groundwater recharge with spatial-temporal variability using the SWAT model which can represent the heterogeneity of the watershed. The SWAT model can simulate daily surface runoff, evapotranspiration, soil storage, recharge, and groundwater flow within the watershed. The model was applied to the Musimcheon watershed located in the upstream of Mihocheon watershed. Hydrological components were determined during the period from 2001 to 2004, and the validity of the results was tested by comparing the estimated runoff with the observed runoff at the outlet of the catchment. The results of temporal and spatial variations of groundwater recharge were presented here. This study suggests that variations in recharge can be significantly affected by subbasin slope as well as land use.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.6
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• pp.89-107
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to investigate the recognition and the needs and problems of in-service education for school nurse, and to suggest the desirable guidelines, for supples the basic data of in-service education for school nurse to upgraded the quality as school nurse's professional specialist. The subjects of this study were 376 school nurses who were working in Jollanamdo. The research instruments used in this study was 'Needs of In-service Education questionnaire'. 305 collected Data were analyzed with the frequency analysis, $x^2$-test. The conclusions were as follows; First of all, the most important motives for the school nurses to participate in-service education are the enhancement of their specialties on teaching profession, self-realizations as educators, and improvement of health teaching skill. However, the motives to obtain the skill for school management or to obtain a high rank qualification and promotion are quite low. School nurses are generally satisfied with duration, time, place of in-service education, But they are not satisfied with contents of in-service education, professional specialist and understanding of real educational situation of the instructors. On the urgent problem of school nurses, promotion of health teaching skill was highest in the rank, and establishment of firm educational philosophy and a sense of teaching profession, proceed to university and graduate school ranked next, respectively. Second, the need of a school nurses on in-service education direction ranked the application of teachers' character and need, practicable and concrete educational programs, planning of school health development, reinforcement of health education, expansion of practical knowledge and on reflection thought, respectively. The need of a school nurses on in-service education contents(major part) ranked health education, health promoting program of student, knowledge and practice of practical medicine and oriental medicine, consultation process, health education of advanced country, respectively. The need of in-service education supervisory organization, the need for a cities provinces educational office was highest in the rank. The need of in-service education type, duty training ranked high, and abroad training, qualification training, general training ranked next. the need for specialist for lecturer of in-serve education ranked among the highest, along with school nurses and university professor. The need of school nurses on education method(duplication answer), need for conference and discussion teaching was highest in the rank. The need on evaluation method, evaluation through a examination ranked the highest. On the needs of in-service education times, need for vacation during the winter and summer was the highest. As for the duration, 31 to 60 hours in duration of in-service education was need most, and most school nurses need cities and provinces in-service training institute as the location of in-service education. On the organization size, need for 21 to 30 people was the highest, where as need for 41 people was relatively low. Lastly, on the problem of in-service education for school nurses, lack of opportunity of in-service education for school nurses was highest in the rank, and improperness of in-service education contents and method, lack of incentive ranked next, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.875-886
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• 2018

This study evaluated drought severity by bivariate frequency analysis using drought magnitude and precipitation deficit. A drought event was defined by Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the precipitation deficit was estimated using reference precipitation corresponding to the SPI -1. In previous studies, drought magnitude and duration were used for bivariate frequency analysis. However, since these two variables have a largely linear relationship, extensibility of drought information is not great compared to the univariate frequency analysis for each variable. In the case of drought in 2015, return periods of 'drought magnitude-precipitation deficit' in the Seoul, Yangpyeong, and Chungju indicated severe drought over 300 years. However, the result of 'drought magnitude-duration' showed a significant difference by evaluating the return period of about 10, 50, and 50 years. Although a drought including the rainy season was seriously lacking in precipitation, drought magnitude did not adequately represent the severity of the absolute lack of precipitation. This showed that there is a limit to expressing the actual severity of drought. The results of frequency analysis for 'drought magnitude-precipitation deficit' include the absolute deficit of precipitation information, so which could consider being a useful indicator to cope with drought.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.403-407
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• 2009

Objectives : The amount of medical utilization by Medical Aid recipients was 3.7 times that of patients with Korean Medical Insurance. This study aims to describe the surplus medicine and the medication-related utilization, and to determine factors contributing to surplus medicine. Methods : Among those who used copayment-free Class I Medical Aid in 2005, 146,880 subjects who were $\geq19$ year-old and received >365 days medical treatment per year were studied with their case managers by conducting face-to-face interviews. The analytic methods were description, chi-square, t-tests, ANCOVA and multiple logistic regressions. Results : Most subjects were female (68.6%), the elderly (62.5%), and the separated (61.6%), had an elementary graduation or less (74.8%), and had disabilities (33.2%). The percentage of subjects with surplus medicine was 18.5%. However, the percentage of females, the elderly, those with non-disabilities, the separated, the uneducated, those with a very poor perceived health status and those with an economical burden for medical treatment was 19.3%, 18.9%, 19.0%, 19.3%, 19.0%, 20.2% and 24.3%, respectively. For subjects with surplus medicine, averages for the number of used pharmacies, the pharmacy-visit days and the medication costs were 4.6 drugstores, 34.9 days and approximately 1,124 thousand Won(￦). These values were higher than those without surplus medicine (4.4 drugstores, 33.8 days, and ￦1,110 thousand, respectively). The odds ratios of the contributing factors to surplus medicine were female 1.11 (95% CI=1.07-1.14), the elderly 1.06 (95% CI=1.02-1.10), those with non-disabilities 1.08 (95% CI=1.05-1.12), the separated 1.14 (95% CI=1.10-1.18), the unmarried 1.12 (95% CI=1.07-1.18), the uneducated 1.03 (95% CI=1.01-1.08), those with a very poor perceived health status 1.04 (95% CI=1.01-1.08) and experiencing an economical burden for medical treatment 2.33 (95% CI=2.26-2.40). Conclusions : 18.5% of subjects had surplus medicine with a higher mean of medication cost. Therefore, health education and health promotion programs to prevent surplus medicine and to improve the appropriate usage of medication are necessary.