• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.223-226
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• 2011

The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes from male and female pigs. The preadipocytes were isolated from new-born male and female pigs by collagenase digestion and washed three times one day after seeding (designated as day 0 of culture). RA was included in the media at various concentratives from day 0 to 2. The cell number was measured on day 2 with hematocytometer after trypsin digestion. Cell differentiation was determined on day 6 by measuring glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. RA (0.1, 1 and 10 uM) showed no effect on proliferation of preadipocytes from both male and female pigs. However, RA significantly decreased differentiation of pig preadipocytes. Degree of differentiation with 0.1 uM, 1 uM and 10 uM of RA treatment was 80%, 41% and 29% respectively, compared with control. Similar inhibitory effect was found in the female pigs; 77%, 28% and 16% respectively. It is interesting that RA treated on cell proliferation stage had no effect on proliferation but had a strong inhibitory effect on differentiation which is happening in the late stage of cell culture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.212-221
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between ADHD trait and life satisfaction among male adolescents, and to examine the mediating effect of interpersonal initiation and internet game addiction on that relationship. The participants were 285 male students from middle and high schools. For this study, World Health Organization ADHD Self-Report Scale, Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, Internet Gaming Use-Elicited Symptom Screen, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. PROCESS Macro 3.5 Model 4 was used to analyze a double mediating effect. Results revealed that male adolescents' ADHD trait was negatively correlated with interpersonal initiation and life satisfaction, while it was positively correlated with their internet game addiction. And, male adolescents' interpersonal initiation was positively correlated with life satisfaction, whereas internet game addiction was negatively correlated with life satisfaction. In addition, male adolescents' interpersonal initiation and game addiction were mediating ADHD trait and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that the interpersonal initiation and game addiction should be treated to improve life satisfaction of male adolescents with high ADHD trait.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

We have not identified on what gender difference during gait at a pace of one's preferred velocity effects on the function of bilateral lower limb. This study was undertaken to investigate a difference of gait strategy by gender during gait at a one's preferred velocity of participants of adult male and female (n=20). Cinematographic data for motion analysis, ground reaction force (GRF) variables, and muscle volume of lower limb were analyzed. Significant difference of variables on movement of center of mass whole body, joint angle and moment of lower limb, and ground reaction force were tested by 2-way ANOVA analysis (P<0.05). Male group showed more muscle volume than female, and both showed more volume in dominant leg than non-dominant. Main effect by bilateral leg during gait showed higher difference in right than left leg in change of vertical position of center of mass (maximal, minimal). Main effect by gender in vertical change of position and velocity of center of mass showed higher difference in male than female (maximal, minimal). Hip joint showed more flexed and extended angle in male than female, and also dorsiflexion of ankle and flexion moment of knee and hip joint showed higher in male than female group. Therefore, this result was assumed that dominant showed furthermore more contribution for propulsive function than non-dominant leg. Gender difference showed in strategy controlling of biomechanical characteristics, and perhaps influenced by muscle volume.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of body type(thin, standard, fat), necktie width(narrow, medium, wide), gender(man, woman) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 9 color pictures manipulated with the combination of necktie-width and body type using computer simulation. The subjects were 116 male undergraduates and 99 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness, stability, and boldness. In the young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness and stability, body type and necktie-width showed independent effect. In the boldness, body type showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of body type and necktie-width on young-activity, attractiveness-gracefulness and stability were found. For young-activity image, necktie of narrow width were effective. For attractiveness-gracefulness image, body type of standard were effective. For stability image, body type of standard and body type of thin on necktie of narrow and medium width were effective. The male fashion image can be perceived differently according to combination of the clues used in body type and necktie-width. Therefore, when the male fashion to create images that will have to consider the body type and necktie width.

• The Korean Fashion and Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.192-201
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between Korean male consumers' perceptions of marketing promotion investment such as advertising expenditure and celebrity endorsement are the brand equity elements. It also compared if there were differences on this research model and two groups that selected Korean or foreign country-of-brand-origin in fashion product purchasing. Online survey responses from 414 Korean men in their 20s-30s were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling analysis (SEM). Perceptions of advertising expenditures were found to be positively related to brand association in only the group that selected Korean country-of-brand-origin. The results showed a non-significant effect of perceptions for advertising expenditures on perceived product quality in both groups that selected Korean or foreign country-of-brand-origin. The results indicated that celebrity endorsement had a significant effect on brand association for the two male consumer groups. The results also demonstrated that the relationship of celebrity endorsement and perceived quality was significant in only a group that selected Korean country-of-brand-origin. The results also revealed that the effect of brand association and perceived product quality on brand preference was significant in both male consumer groups. This study has useful managerial implications for enhancing the effectiveness of investment in advertising activities.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.101-106
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• 2010

The purposes of this paper are to investigate an effect of weight of material and gender on postural stability and to introduce formulas for those. There were five levels of weights 0, 9, 18, 27 and 36 kg, and two levels of genders were conducted. Eight male and five female subjects participated in this experiment, ten tests were performed for each level of weights to measure the postural stability by using the stability platform. The effect of the genders and the load on the postural stability were statistically analysed by the two way ANOVA test and the regression analysis. The ANOVA test showed that the effect of weights was statistically significant on postural stability to the both male and female subjects. And the postural stability of female subjects was better than that of male subjects. A linear regression formula for the balancing time and the load and a formula for the reduction rate postural stability and the relative load were introduced by the regression analysis.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body composition on IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) of the elderly. This study consisted of male elder(n=50) and female elder(n=60). The average age of elder male and female was 73.79, 70.42 years. The data were analyzed with correlation test and regression test using SPSSWIN ver 10.1 and MINITAB program. Body composition was measured using InBody 3.0(seoul, korea) of Segmental Multifrequncy Bioelectical Impedance Analyzer technique. IADL was measured with Philadelphia Geriatric Center IADL. The result of this study were the following : A correlation of body composition between IADL. 1. Body composition of the elderly had effect on IADL. 1)The free fat mass(kg) and total body water(1) in Body composition of male elder had positive effect on IADL. 2)The WHR(waist-to-hip ratio %) in Body composition of male elder had negative effect on IADL.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.12 s.214
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• pp.165-182
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family system on male adolescents' loneliness. From the research results significantly different factors of family system, consisting of family differentiation, family flexibility, boundary between parents and male adolescents, conflict resolved in parents, and male adolescents' cohesion with mother and father, explained each aspect of male adolescents' loneliness including lack of intimacy, social relationship network, and belonging according to their school types. The boundary between parents and male adolescents was a critical factor explaining the lack of intimacy of male adolescents in a juvenile detention center, and family flexibility was a congruous factor having an impact on the lack of belonging of male adolescents both in the juvenile detention center and public schools.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.298-307
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• 2014

This study has the purpose to examine trauma of male, female alcoholics and understand the factors influencing the trauma and relative influence of trauma to provide implementing social welfare practice. The survey was conducted with 220 alcoholics. Through this survey, it was revealed that the effect of trauma of male, female alcoholics found to be significant. First, Trauma of sexual abuse, suicide, death, disease, family separation of male on childhood are more than female. While, Trauma of physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse on childhood and physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, fraud, physical neglect, miscarriage of female on adulthood are more than male. Second, The education, age of first drinking effect on the trauma of male alcoholics. The education, religion, family history, relapse and insight effect on the trauma of female alcoholics. Based on these results, the practical implications for the trauma of male, female alcoholics had been discussed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2022

This study was conducted to promote male nursing students' adaptation to college life by identifying life stress, grit, and degree of adaptation to college life, and the effect of grit mediating effect on the relationship between life stress and college life adjustment. became The subjects of this study were 209 male nursing college students enrolled in nursing departments in 5 major cities. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 25.0. Life stress showed a significant negative correlation with college life adaptation and grit, but grit showed a positive correlation with college life adaptation. As a result of mediating effect verification, the final model explained 43.5% of college life adaptation. Therefore, in order to improve male nursing students' adaptation to college life, it is required to develop a program that can lower life stress and increase grit and college life adaptation level.