• Survey Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.33-50
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Korean children's being addiction to computer game had an effect on physical health(headache, insomnia, indigestion, cardivascular). We considered both direct effects of that addiction and indirect effects which caused an negative emotion(anxiety). For this study, we collected data from 800 students of grades and 6 in Daejeon, Korea. Among them, we analyzed the data of 572 students[408 boys(71.3%) and 164 girls(28.7%) respectively] who had played computer games for a long period of time(two years or more). Reliability of the scale used on this study was a proper level by $.64{\sim}.91$ and we operated an analysis of structural equation pattern to make relationships of variable causes clear. As a result of examining an index of fitness of each model, it was proved for the fitness of every model(all GFI >.931, all CFI >.939, all NNFI >.929, all RMSEA <.046) to be acceptable. Not only the computer game addiction affected(all ps<.001) directly on physical symptoms(headache ${\beta}$=.211, insomnia ${\beta}$=.289, indigestion ${\beta}$ =.214, cardivascular ${\beta}$=.349), but also it affected(${\beta}$=.458, p<.001) on anxiety. In addition, the effect of anxiety on physical symptoms(headache ${\beta}$=.419, insomnia ${\beta}$=.375, indigestion ${\beta}$=.498, cardivascular ${\beta}$=.328) was significant. As a result of yielding the indirect effects of computer game abuse mediated by anxiety, headache was measured up ${\beta}$=.192, insomnia ${\beta}$=.172, indigestion ${\beta}$ =.228 and cardivascular ${\beta}$=.151. The computer game addiction caused 21% of anxiety and this mediate model proved that the computer game addiction caused 30% of headache, 32% of insomnia, 39% of indigestion, and 34% of cardivascular symptom. As a result of this study, the computer game addiction has a negative effect on physical health both directly and indirectly. Especially, cardivascular was influenced most extremely, then insomnia, indigestion, and headache in order. The implications gleaned from this study were discussed with considerations for future study and practical aspect.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-19
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• 2007

This study investigated the interaction between groundwater and stream water systems, which is caused by the artificial weir on streambed, enforcing external stresses on the groundwater system. The study area is in Nami Natural Recreation Woods located in Chungcheongnam-do Geumsan-gun Nami-myeon Geoncheon-ri. In this study both of hydrophysical methods (hydraulic head) and hyrdochemical investigations (pH, EC, major ion analysis) were applied. In order to identify the relationship between each of study results, cross-correlation analysis is performed. From results of hydrophysical methods, water level fluctuation at BH-14, installed by the weir, shows the double-recession pattern much more frequently and much higher amplitudes than the fluctuation at each of other monitoring wells. Using the results by hydrochemical investigations, hydrochemical properties at BH-14 is similar to the hydrochemical characteristics in stream water. To analyze the interrelationships between the results from each of applied methods, cross-correlation analysis was applied. Results from the correlation analyses, water levels at BH-14 and stream weir showed the highest cross-correlation in hydrophysical aspects. On the other hand, the correlation between stream weir and bridge was the highest in hydrochemical aspects. The difference between the results from each of methods is due that the hydrophysical response at BH-14, such as water level, is induced by the pressure propagation-not with mass transfer, but the hydrochemical interaction, caused by mass transport, takes much more times. In conclusion impermeable artificial weir on streambed changes the interfacial condition between the stream and surrounding aquifers. The induced water flux into the groundwater system during flood period make water level at BH-14 increase instantly and groundwater quality higly similar to the quality of stream water. Referred similarities in both of water level and water quality at BH-14 become much higher when water level at weir grow higher.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.761-772
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• 1998

This study was performed to determine the optimum coagulant dosing amount for effective treatment of raw water. The removal rate of turbidity and the variations of water qualities according to various dosage of coagulants such as Alum, PAC and PACS were investigated. The optimum coagulant dosing amount to make the lowest turbidity of water were 35mg/ι t of Alum, 30mg/ι of PAC and 10mg/ι of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 30mg/ι of Alum, 25mg/ι of PAC and 10mg/ι of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. The removal rates of turbidity at 4 min. and 8 min. of settling time were 10 and 72% of Alum, 44 and 62% of PAC and 25 and 55% of PACS in case of 5 NTU, and 52 and 70% of Alum, 90 and 95% of PAC and 10 and 28% of PACS in case of 10 NTU, respectively. Judging from the settling capability of floc., the reaction time of floe. formation and removal efficiency of turbidity, PAC was evaluated as more effective coagulant than Alum and PACS. Also PAC was regarded as the most effective coagulant when the water supply was changed sharply and the fluctuation of the surface loading occured with wide and sharp in settling basin. pH and alkalinity of the water were decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. But pH and alkalinity were not decreased below 5.8 which is the standard for drinking water quality, and 10mg/ι which is the limit concentration of floc. breakage, respectively. Residual Al of the treated water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage in case of 5 and 10NTU of raw water turbidity. $KMnO_4$ consumption of the water was decreased with increasing coagulants dosage. The reduction rate of $KMnO_4$ consumption at the optimum coagulants dosage were 39% of Alum. 18% of PAC and 11% of PACS in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity, and 42% of Alum, 27% of PAC and 36% of PACS in case of 10 NTU of that, respectively. Any relationship was not found between the removal rate of turbidity and KMnO$_4$ consumption. TOC of the water was a bit decreased with increasing coagulants dosage up to 30mg/ι but not changed above 30mg/ι of coagulants dosage. The degree of TOC reduction was increased in the order of Alum, PAC and PACS treatment. Zeta potential of the colloidal floe. at the optimum coagulants dosage was in the range of -20~-15mV in case of 5 NTU of raw water turbidity and 0~0.5mV in case of 10 NTU of that. respectively. Although the kinds and dosages of coagulants were different, zeta potential range were fixed under the conditions of the best coagulation efficiency.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.27
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• pp.51-78
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• 2012

The types of cartoon market are classified with publishing cartoon(a cartoon magazine & comics) and webtoon. The revitalization of the cartoon market makes cartoonist create many cartoons. By studying many methods for the revitalization of the cartoon market, this paper argues the expanded methods of comics market which is a sort of publishing cartoon market. The expanded methods of comics market are two kinds, one is the revitalization of the comics market and the other is the creation of the comics market. This paper focuses on Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon in order to extend the cartoon market. Also, After studying the Creation Proceed of cartoon market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon, we would like to develope the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market. We selected three case(the Real Estate Agency expressed as Cartoon, Let's find an answer in sided figure blank, miraculous English grammar) for this study. With this, we analyzed the case that the matters for analysis is the essential particulars of plan-publishing-distribution's proceed. As a result, we found out the possibility of new cartoon market's creation through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon. For that reason, we was able to develop 'the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon'. This paper provides the possibility about the New Creation Model of Cartoon Market through Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoon. With this, we will make many plans for creation of Genre-mixed Knowledge-Cartoons. Therefore, This plans will help cartoonists to create the Genre-mixed cartoons.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2008

Purpose: We are trying to analyze 130 patients' conditions by using our Helical Tomotherapy, which was installed in our center in Oct. 2007. We will be statistically approach this examination and analyze so that we will be able to figure out adaptive plans according to the change in place of the tumor, GTV (gross tumor volume), total amount of time it took, vector (${\upsilon}=\surd$x2+y2+z2) and the change in size of the tumor. Materials and Methods: Objectives were the patients who were medicated with Tomotherapy in our medical center since Oct. 2007 August 2008. The Average age of the patients were 53 years old (Minimum 25 years old, Maximum 83 years old). The parts of the body we operated were could be categorized as Head&neck (n=22), Chest (n=47), Abdomen (n=25), Pelvis (n=11), Bone (n=25). MVCT had acted on 2702 times, and also had acted on our adaptive plan toward patients who showed big difference in the size of tumor. Also, after equalizing our gained MVCT and kv-CT we checked up on the range of possible mistake, using x, y, z, roll and vector. We've also investigated on Set-up, MVCT, average time of operation and target volume. Results: Mean time on table was 22.8 minutes. Mean treatment time was 13.26 minutes. Mean correction (mm) was X=-0.7, Y=-1.4, Z=5.77, roll=0.29, vector=8.66 Head&neck patients had 2.96 mm less vector value in movement than patients of Chest, Abdomen, Bone. In increasing order, Head&neck, Bone, Abdomen, Chest, Pelvis showed the vector value in movement. Also, there were 27 patients for adaptive plan, 39 patients, who had long or multiple tumor. We could know that When medical treatment is one cure plan, it takes 32 minutes, and when medical treatment is two cure plan, it takes 40 minutes that one medical treatment takes 21 minutes, and the other medical treatment takes 19 minutes. Conclusion:With our basic tools, we could bring more accurate IMRT with MVCT. Also, through our daily image, we checked up on the change in tumor so that adaptive plan could work. It was made it possible to take the cure of long or multiple tumor, the cure in a nearby OAR, and the complicated cure that should make changes of gradient dose distribution.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2002

The Korean fresh pork loins in vacuum packaged were obtained from three different Korean export companies and investigated for microbiological and sensory properties. The fresh pork loins were stored at 2$^{\circ}C$ for 50 days and analyzed with an interval of 5$\sim$10 days. The results were as follows: The overall numbers of total plate counts and coliform bacteria were higher in swab method than in meat sampling method. The total plate counts in the loins from the company I were maintained low levels ($\prec$10$^5$ cfu/$cm^2$ or $\prec$10$^5$ cfu/g) for entire storage periods(50 days at 2$^{\circ}C$), whereas the loins from the company III had high levels when they were compared to the domestic standard for the allowance limit. The samples from the company III showed that total plate counts were over 106 after about 30 days when determined by meat sampling method and total plate counts were over 106 after 15 days when determined by swab method. The overall numbers of coliform bacteria were also significantly lowest in the samples from the company I, whereas they were highest in the company III. Therefore, all meat companies will have to make an effort to prevent bacterial contamination in each stage such as slaughtering, marketing and consumer in order to ensure the production of safe meat and the extension of shelf-life. For fresh products, scores of intramuscular fat were higher in samples form the companies II and III than those from the company I when visibly evaluated with the standard. There were no significant differences in scores of meat color, drip and fresh meat flavor. However, the samples from the company I had the lowest score of off-flavor and highest score of overall acceptability. For cooked products, there were no significant differences in meat flavor, off-flavor, juiciness and overall acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 2000

Objective：This study was performed in order to develop a measuring instrument for assessing and predicting delinquent behavior of the adolescents in Korea. Methods：This study was methodological research for developing a questionnaire for measuring delinquent behavior. Through the relevant literature review and personal interview using open-ended question with 12 adolescents in schools, outpatient basis and the juvenile corrective institutions, the author developed a pre-questionnaire with 31 items for assessing delinquent behavior among delinquentprone adolescents. Statistical method employed were test-retest reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for testing reliability and factor analysis for testing validity of this questionnaire, and t-test for mean difference between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents, using SAS program. Subject served for this study consisted of 2,177 adolescents including 1,206 students and 971 delinquent adolescents by proportional stratified random sampling method. Results：1) Three stable factors were emerged and these contributed 52.2% of the variance in the total score. All 31 items loaded above .40 on each factor. 2) Factor I was named as antisocial delinquent behavior(17 items), factor II was named as aggressive delinquent behavior(8 items), and factor III was named as psychopathic delinquent behavior(6 items). 3) Comparison of these 3 factors between student adolescents and delinquent adolescents showed that there was a significant difference in factor Ⅰ(t=-42.91(student), -41.71(delinquent), p=.0001), factor II(t=-34.10(student), -35.72(delinquent), p=.0001), factor III(t=-14.24(student), -14.26 (delinquent), p=.0000), and total score(t=37.02(student), -36.38(delinquent), p=.0001). 4) Internal consistency reliability was tested by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .952 for total 31 items and .950, .866 and .721 for each 3 factors related to delinquent behavior. Conclusions：The author confirmed that this scale can use for measuring delinquent behavior, and hope to make a contribution to screening test and prevention of juvenile delinquency in Korea.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.148-158
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the knowledge of Korean festival foods and the acculturation of American main traditional occasions among Korean American housewives residing in the New York and New Jersey area. Out of 400 questionnaires, the 271 respondents were taken. Of the respondents, 77.1% demonstrated the interest in Korean festival foods. The most important Korean festivals were Chusuk (52.0%), Sulnal(46.9%) and Daeborum (1.1%). In order to make the Korean festival foods to be international foods, the most vital factor was taste and flavor (39.5%), cooking method (34.7%), preservation (10.3%), sanitation (8.1%) and nutrition (7.4%). American Thanksgiving Day was the most important occasion among the Korean American housewives. The factors that keep the American traditional occasions were related to whether the respondents had an occupation or the length of stay in the U.S.A. But in case of Korean festival foods, the factors cannot be applied. On the contrary, they do still keep the tradition and the interest of Korean festival foods in U.S.A. As a result of that, the Korean festival foods in the U.S.A. are systemized for the preservation and popularization for the coming Korean generation.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.22
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• pp.195-223
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• 2005

The Younsijo is a stream of Korean poem. not simply an aggregate of stanzas, but an organic structure. Younsijo was an appeared in the 16th century. The 16th century was focused on the literature of Sadaebu (noble family, 사대부). And the make an appearance is Danhyungsijo (simply-sijo, 단형시조), Yonsijo and Kasa(가사). In that case, a social stratum is why does singing each other form. The 16th century set metaphysics(성리학) as the national ideology. Metaphysics became most prevalent at the end of the 16th century. Yonsijo also appreared during the 16th century and was closeiy related to the idea of metaphysics. Both Younsijo and metaphysics were formulated by noble family, The Yonsijo was Formed in 16th century. And the 17th century was succession. The Yonsijo in 16th century is devide to Kanghosijo (강호시조) and Hunminsijo (훈민시조). Also, Kanghosijo is devide to Youkgaline Younsijo (육가계 연시조) and Sasigaline Yonsijo (사시가계 연시조). Hunminsijo used an expressive on the order of Oryoun(오륜). Therefore, this study is forced on , , and . These things, all of the end of the utility. This paper deals with Danhyungsijo and Kasa with main emphasis on works of Songgang(송강) Jungcheol(정철). The reason for dealing one writer's works is the discussion needs consistent standard. In analyzing Songgang's Danhyungsijo, Younsijoand and Kasa, one would discern the differences among three. As a result, one could conclude that both Danhyungsijo and Kasa mainly projects individual's emotional esthetic feeling, particularly, Danhyungsijo for emotional implication, and for in-depth emotional revealing. Younsijo were chosen as it supplements the shortcoming of Sijo(as it consists of three-line only) to effectively contain the ideas of metaphysics.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-116
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• 2009

Increasingly the institutional theory has been an important theoretical view of decision making process and IT adoption in many academic researches. This study used the institutional theory as a lens through which we can understand the factors that enable the effective appropriation of advanced information technology. It posits that mimetic, coercive, and normative pressures existing in an institutionalized environment could influence the participation of top managers or decision makers and the involvement of users toward an effective use of IT in their tasks. Since the introduction of IT, organizational members have been using IT in their daily tasks, creating and recreating rules and resources according to their own methods and needs. That is to say, the adaptation process of the IT and outcomes are different among organizations. The previous studies on a diverse use of IT refer to the appropriation of technology from the social technology view. Users appropriate IT through not only technology itself, but also in terms of how they use it or how they make the social practice in their use of it. In this study, the concepts of institutional pressure, appropriation, participation of decision makers, and involvement of users toward the appropriation are explored in the context of the appropriation of the mobile electronic medical record system (M-EMRS) in particularly a hospital setting. Based on the conceptual definition of institutional pressure, participation and involvement, operational measures are reconstructed. Furthermore, the concept of appropriation is measured in the aspect of three sub-constructs-consensus on appropriation, faithful appropriation, and attitude of use. Grounded in the relevant theories to appropriation of IT, we developed a research framework in which the effects of institutional pressure, participation and involvement on the appropriation of IT are analyzed. Within this theoretical framework, we formulated several hypotheses. We developed a second order institutional pressure and appropriation construct. After establishing its validity and reliability, we tested the hypotheses with empirical data from 101 users in 3 hospitals which had adopted and used the M-EMRS. We examined the mediating effect of the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users on the appropriation and empirically validated their relationships. The results show that the mimetic, coercive, and normative institutional pressure has an effect on the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users in the appropriation of IT while the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users have an effect on the appropriation of IT. The results also suggest that the institutional pressure and the participation of decision makers influence the involvement of users toward an appropriation of IT. Our results emphasize the mediating effect of the institutional pressure on the appropriation of IT. Namely, the higher degree of the participation of decision makers and the involvement of users, the more effective appropriation users will represent. These results provide strong support for institutional-based variables as predictors of appropriation. These findings also indicate that organizations should focus on the role of participation of decision makers and the involvement of users for the purpose of effective appropriation, and these are the practical implications of our study. The theoretical contribution of this study is lies in the integrated model of the effect of institutional pressure on the appropriation of IT. The results are consistent with the institutional theory and support previous studies on adaptive structuration theory.