• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.256-266
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Magnolia Officinalis extracts on the animal model of depression induced by immobilization stress. Methods : The subjects were divided into 4 groups : normal, saline solution-administered during immobilization stress, 200 mg/kg of magnolia extracts-administered (magnolia extract 200), and 400 mg/kg of magnolia extracts- administered (magnolia extract 400). During 2 days of immobilization stress treatment, they underwent forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The number of serotonin (5-HT) immunostained nuclei in the dorsal raphe nucleus regions was measured by immunohistochemistry. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in blood were measured. Results : In FST, magnolia-administered groups showed significantly decreased immobilization. In TST, the magnolia extract 400 group showed decreased immobilization. The stress group showed significantly decreased number of 5-HT immunostained nuclei in the dorsal raphe nucleus regions, while magnolia extract 400 group showed increased number of 5-HT immunostained nuclei. Stress group showed decrease in serum level of SOD and GPX, while the magnolia extract 200 group showed increase in serum level of SOD and GPX. Conclusions : These results suggest potent effectiveness of magnolia extracts in the treatment of depression.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2007

To evaluate the immuno-toxicity of magnolia extracts, mutagenicity of Salmonella, chromosome aberration of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and micronucleus formation in rats were examined. Magnolia extracts at the concentrations of $312{\sim}5,000{\mu}g/plate$ did not induce mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100 and TA 1535 with and without metabolic activation of S-9 mixture. In chromosome aberration assay, Magnolia extracts at the concentrations of $50{\sim}800{\mu}g/plate$ did not cause a significant chromosome aberration in CHO cells with and without metabolic activation of S-9 mixture. Magnolia extracts were treated with dose of 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg in ICR mice. After 48 hours, the frequencies of the micro-nucleided polychromasia erythrocytes (MNPCE) were determined in bone marrows isolated from the mice. Magnolia extracts did not increase the incidence of polychromasia erythrocytes of bone marrow in ICR mice. These results show that Mgnolia extracts did not induce any harmful genotoxic effects.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.149-155
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• 1999

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effects of Chinese magnolia vine water extract on the renal function, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide in rats. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Water balance decreased significantly after administration with Chinese magnolia vine extracts (0.2 ml/200 g of body weight). 2. Urine volume increased significantly after administration with Chinese magnolia vine extracts. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly after administration with Chinese magnolia vine extracts. 4. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after administration with Chinese magnolia vine extracts (0.2 ml/200 g of body weight). 5. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide decreased significantly after administration with Chinese magnolia vine extracts (0.1 ml/200 g of body weight). 6. Plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly after administration with Chinese magnolia vine extracts (0.2 ml/200 g of body weight).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.165-177
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to perform on the biological activity of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract mixtures on the wound healing of defected rat calvaria. For the determination of the mixture ratio of two extracts for oral administration, preliminary experiments were performed with the mixture combination of 2000 and $3000{\mu}g/ml$ of Magnolia extract, and also 20, 30, 200, 300, 2000 and $3000{\mu}g/ml$ of Zizyphi fructus extract, respectively and divided into 6 groups. The combination of extracts mixture were tested on the enhancing effect of cellular activity. The effect of the extracts mixture on the cellular activity was evaluated using MTT method and measured on the results with optical density by ELISA reader. The ability to tissue regeneration of the extracts mixture was performed by measuring new bone and new connective tissue regeneration on the 5mm defected rat calvaria for 1, 2 and 3 weeks after oral administration of 2 different dosages groups : 10:1(0.1g/kg) and 10:1(0.5g/kg). It was employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L as positive controls. Each group of rat was sacrificed and en bloc section for histological examination. The effect on the cellular activity of each mixture ratio showed significantly higher in $2000{\mu}g/ml$ of Magnolia extract and $200{\mu}g/ml$ of Zizyphi fructus extract group to compare with other groups. These preliminary results showed that appropriate mixture ratio of two extracts was 10:1 of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract. Histological examination on the activity of tissue regeneration of each group showed that 2weeks and 3weeks specimens of 0.5g/kg of 10:1 extract mixture of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus administrated rat calvaria revealed significantly more osteoid and new bone formation of defected calvaria with unification of defected area than the specimens of any other negative and positive controls. Even though the specimen administrated the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L, positive controls, showed the trend that they promote significantly the repair of calvarial defect, their bone reparative activities were less inductive than the same dosages of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus extract mixture. These results implicated that the mixture of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extracts should be highly effective on the wound healing of bony defected site and might have potential possibilities as an useful drug to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1055-1062
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• 2009

Magnolia obovata exhibit several beneficial effects including anti-oxidant effects. Magnolia obovata is used as a therapeutic agent to stop hemorrhages and a tonic to promoted health in Korean and Chinese medicine. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the main Magnolia obovata is still not accurately investigated. In present study, I examined the effects of water extracts of Magnolia obovata on atherosclerosis induced high cholesterol diet in rats in serum and abdominal aorta. A total of 3-week old 9 male rats of Sprague-Dawley were divided into 3 groups and fed with the basal diet (normal group), high cholesterol diet (atherosclerosis induced group) for 8 weeks, high cholesterol diet supplemented with water extracts of Magnolia obovata (Magnolia obovata group) for 2 weeks. And rats were sacrificed, serum lipid level, abodominal aortic anti-oxidant activities and lipid peroxide were measured. These results indicated that serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides concentration significantly lower in Magnolia obovata group than high cholesterol diet group. But HDL-cholesterol concentration had significantly higher in Magnolia obovata group than high cholesterol diet group. In conclusion, Magnolia obovata controls of lipid level of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia, thus suppresses the proliferation of intima in endothelial cells, which is risk factors of atherosclerosis induced high cholesterol diet in rats. I consider as Magnolia obovata is worth to using as atherosclerosis treatment.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 1997

A rat chemokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) has chemotactic and activating properties to neutrophils. Rat kidney epithelioid NRK-52E cells contained 4 ng/ml of ClNC-1 as a basal level and their CINC-1 production was significantly increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli. Maximal induction of ClNC-1 was 58 ng/ml when 3 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LPS was treated to the NRK-52E cells. Inhibitory effects on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells by extracts prepared from herbal medicines and wild plants in Korea were analyzed. At the final concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ , 9 species out of 304 species of herbal extracts exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on the CINC-1 induction. The active extracts prepared from Artemisia argyi, Lythrum salicaria, Machilus thunbergii, Magnolia sieboldii, Nelumbo nucifera, Prunus persica, Rubus coreanus, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Tripterygium regelii have been sequentially fractionated to obtain methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous layers. Among solvent fractions of the active herbal extracts, methylene chloride fractions of Artemisia argyi and Magnolia sieboldii exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on CINC-1 induction in LPS-stimulated NRK-52E cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1999

Eleven out of 118 herbal medicines which are frequently used in Korean traditional prescriptions for inflammatory diseases exhibited more than 50% of inhibition on $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by their total ethanol extracts with 0.1 mg/ml as a final concentration. The active 11 total extracts were prepared from Angelica koreana, Coptis japonica, Cynanchum paniculatum, Magnolia frgesii, Magnolia officinalis, Panax ginseng, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Pterocarpus santalius, Rhapontica uniflora, Saussurea lappa. Of them, Coptis japonica, Magnolia fargesii and Saussurea lappa also significantly inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in vivo. These total extracts were sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among the solvent-fractionated extracts with 0.05 mg/ml as a final concentration, inhibitory effects of Angelica koreana, Magnolia fargesii, Magnolia officinalis, Pterocarpus santalinus, Rhapontica uniflora and Saussurea lappa markedly showed in one or two solvent fractions suggesting that the principles may be concentrated by subfractionation as the main compounds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.730-735
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• 2012

Existing pharmaceutical studies show that Magnolia biondii is effective in treating rhinitis and in reducing cholesterol, given its endogenous, volatile ingredients. The study herein seeks to assess the cosmeceutical activities and anti-inflammatory activities of Magnolia biondii extracts for possible application as cosmetic ingredients. The cosmeceutical and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using hydroxyl radical scavenging, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by Western blotting. Magnolia biondii extracts were identified to have antioxidant activities in hydroxyl free radical scavenging, SOD-like activity, and XO inhibition. In testing the anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts, NO production was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, in a dose-dependent manner, the Magnolia biondii extracts were able to suppress iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. From these results, Magnolia biondii showed adequate potential for application in cosmetic production and related industries as well as a functional material.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

The components of Magnolia officinalis have well known to act anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities. These efficacies have been sold many products as nutritional supplement extracted from bark of Magnolia officinalis. Thus, to assess and compare neuroprotective effect in the nutritional supplement (Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$, Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA) and our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea), we investigated memorial improving and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of extract products of Magnolia officinalis in a transgenic AD mice model. Oral pretreatment of two extract products of Magnolia officinalis (10 mg/kg/day in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months ameliorated memorial dysfunction and prevented $A{\beta}$ accumulation in the brain of Tg2576 mice. In addition, extract products of Magnolia officinalis also decreased expression of ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its product, C99. Although both two extract products of Magnolia officinalis could show preventive effect of memorial dysfunction and $A{\beta}$ accumulation, our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea) could be more effective than Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$ (Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA). Therefore, our results showed that extract products of Magnolia officinalis were effective for prevention and treatment of AD through memorial improving and anti-amyloidogenic effects via down-regulating ${\beta}$-secretase activity, and neuroprotective efficacy of Magnolia extracts could be differed by cultivating area and manufacturing methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1087-1090
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• 2009

This study was carried out to research antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Dictamnus albus, Paeonia lactiflora, Angelica dahurica, Spirodela polyrhiza, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Bupleurum falcatum, Magnolia kobus, Artemisia princeps, Arctium lappa, Aster tataricus, Hovenia dulcis, Citrus unshiu, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Gardenia jasminoides, Smilax china, Hovenia dulcis, Prunus sargentii, Scutellaria baicalensis. The ethanol extracts of 20 medicinal plants were tested for the antimicrobial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Bupleurum falcatum showed antimicrobial activities against Agrobacterium tumefaciens.