• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2010

Cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758) is a commercially important fish in Korea. In recent years, the catch of cutlassfish in the coastal waters of Korea has significantly declined. Its genetic characterization has been little studied. To assist conservation and management efforts, we isolated and characterized 10 microsatellite loci using an enrichment method based on magnetic/biotin capture of microsatellite sequences from a size-selected genomic library. To characterize each locus, 30 individuals from a natural T. lepturus population in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, were genotyped. All loci except two, KTh9B and KTh22A, were polymorphic, with an average of 14.3 alleles per locus (range, 10 22). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.80 (range, 0.50 0.97) a 0.82 (range, 0.68 0.95), respectively. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed at three loci (KTh6B, KTh10, and KTh16). This high variability indicates that these microsatellites may be useful for high-resolution studies of population genetics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.297-299
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• 2022

Malignant glioma has a poor prognosis with the reported median survival of between 6 months to 14 months. Thus, it is crucial to predict the accurate survival of patients with malignant glioma. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network to predict the overall survival and age of the patients. A total of four MRI modalities, T1, T1-contrast enhanced, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, which effectively capture spatial characteristics of malignant glioma, were used as input images. Age is an important factor impacting the overall survival, thus incorporating it into the model will thereby improve the performance of the proposed model. Our model successfully predicted overall survival and age of the patients with pearson correlation coefficients of 0.1748 and 0.3056, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Cognitive reserve (CR) is a concept that can explain the discrepancies between the pathologic burden of the disease and clinical manifestations. It refers to the individual susceptibility to age-related brain changes and pathologies related to Alzheimer's disease, thus recognized as a factor affecting the trajectories of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the current states of clinical studies on neural substrates of CR in Alzheimer's disease using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We searched for clinical studies on CR using fMRI in the Pubmed, Cochrane library, RISS, KISS and ScienceON on August 14, 2023. Once the online search was finished, studies were selected manually by the inclusion criteria. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of selected articles and reviewed the neural substrates of CR. Total thirty-four studies were included in this study. As surrogate markers of CR, not only education and occupational complexity, but also composite score and questionnaire-based method, which cover various areas of life, were mainly used. The most utilized methods in resting-state fMRI were independent component analysis, seed-based analysis, and graph theory analysis. Through the analysis, we demonstrated that neuroimaging techniques could capture the neural substrates associated with cognitive reserve. Moreover, functional connectivity of brain regions centered on prefrontal and parietal cortex and network areas such as default mode network showed a significant correlation with CR, which indicated a significant association with cognitive performance. CR may induce differential effects according to the disease status. We hope that this perspective on cognitive reserve would be helpful when conducting clinical researches on the mechanisms of traditional Korean medicine for Alzheimer's disease in the future.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2004

This article reviews the development of three-dimensional (3-D) magnetotelluric (MT) modeling. The 3-D modeling of electromagnetic fields is essential in understanding the physics of MT soundings, and in implementing an inversion method to reconstruct a 3-D resistivity image. Although various numerical schemes have been developed over the last two decades, practical methods have been quite limited. However, the recent rapid improvement in computer speed and memory, as well as the advance in iterative solution algorithms for a large system of equations, makes it possible to model the MT responses of complex 3-D structures, which have been very difficult to simulate before. The use of staggered grids in finite difference method has become popular, conserving a magnetic flux and an electric current and allowing for realistic discontinuous fields. The convergence of numerical solutions has been greatly accelerated by adopting Krylov subspace methods, proper preconditioning techniques, and static divergence corrections. The vector finite-element method using edge elements is also free from the discontinuity problem, and seems a natural choice for modeling complex structures including irregular topography because its flexibility allows one to capture full geometric complexity.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2014

$CO_2$ absorption processes have a good potential for large scale capture of $CO_2$ but a large amount of absorbing solution has to be regenerated, undesirably increasing the consumption of energy such as sensible heat and latent heat of vaporization. In this study, a cooling crystallization process which would separate the $CO_2$-rich potassium bicarbonate crystals from $CO_2$-lean water was developed to reduce the energy penalty. Sterically hindered alkanolamine additives were used to enhance the $CO_2$ removal efficiency and their antisolvent effect on the crystallization was found in a continuous cooling crystallizer. The production yields of crystals were increased in the sequence of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) < 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD) < 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (AHPD), which are related to the number of hydroxyl groups in the additive molecules. Using $^{13}carbon$ nuclear magnetic resonance, the additives favored the formation of bicarbonate ions by steric hindrance effect and increased the supersaturation of $KHCO_3$. It is shown that the additives increase the mean size of crystals and crystal growth rate by increasing supersaturation. The additives are promising for enhancing the $CO_2$ removal efficiency and reducing the regeneration energy cost of $CO_2$ absorbing solution by promoting $KHCO_3$ crystallization.