• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 2003

Purpose: To report our experiences of clinical features, treatment method and results of giant cell tumor of 5 patients in proximal fibula. Materials and Methods: Five patients managed with an en bloc resection preserving common peroneal nerve and lateral collateral ligament reconstruction with biceps femoris tendon followed up between January 1997 and July 2001. Preoperative plain radiograph and MRI and bone scan were checked. The recurrence of the tumor was judged by plain radiograph and clinical signs. Lateral instability of knee joint was checked during the outpatient follow-up. Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of operation was twenty- three (21-29). There were one male and four female patients. Dull pain was main symptom and palpable mass was seen in two patients. Peroneal nerve palsy and local recurrence were not observed except one case of temporary peroneal nerve palsy. During the outpatient follow up, one among 5 patients showed slight lateral instability and the other 4 patients showed no instabililty. Conclusion: Giant cell tumor in proximal fibula managed with an en bloc resection preserving common peroneal nerve and lateral collateral ligament reconstruction with biceps femoris tendon showed favorable results.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.529-538
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• 2004

This clinical study on 93 cases of Dyslogia after stroke confirmed through brain CT, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Dong-Eui University from january to September 2003. The following results were found: I. The ratio between males and females was 1.6:1. Of Dyslogia p who had suffered stroke, most were in their sixties. 2. Categorized by attack site, right hemiplegia patients comprised 15 cases(l6.1%), and left hemiplegia patients, 71 cases(54.8%), so the ratio between Rt. and Lt. was 1:4.7. 3. Categorized by preceeding disease, hypertension was seen 51 cases(54.8%), and diabetes mellitus was seen 21 cases(22.6%). 4. Categorized by repeat attack, it was the first attack for 71 cases(76.3%), and the second attack for 13 cases(l4.0%), and for 9 cases(9.7%) it was the third or nth attack. 5. According to the classification of Zhang Zhongjing, apoplexy involving Bu-organs comprised 42 cases(45.2%), apoplexy involving meridians 39 cases(41.9%), apoplexy involving Jang-organs 11 cases(11.8%), and for apoplexy involving collaaterals there was one case(1.1%). 6. According to the classification of Cheng Zhongling, 43 cases(46.7%) were classed heart meridian, 25 cases(27.2%) were classed Spleen meridian, and 24 cases(26. 1%) were classed Kidney meridian. 7. According to the classification of Sun Simiao, 49 cases(52.7%) were classed Pyungo, two cases(2.2%) were classed Pungeui, ,seven cases(7.5%) were classed Pungbi( I ), and two cases(2.2%) were classed Pungbi( II ).

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-106
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• 2014

Purpose : To describe how a robust implementation of a radial 3D gradient-echo sequence with stack-of-stars sampling can be achieved, to review the imaging properties of radial acquisitions, and to share the experience from more than 5000 clinical patient scans. Materials and Methods: A radial stack-of-stars sequence was implemented and installed on 9 clinical MR systems operating at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. Protocols were designed for various applications in which motion artifacts frequently pose a problem with conventional Cartesian techniques. Radial scans were added to routine examinations without selection of specific patient cohorts. Results: Radial acquisitions show significantly lower sensitivity to motion and allow examinations during free breathing. Elimination of breath-holding reduces failure rates for non-compliant patients and enables imaging at higher resolution. Residual artifacts appear as streaks, which are easy to identify and rarely obscure diagnostic information. The improved robustness comes at the expense of longer scan durations, the requirement for fat suppression, and the nonexistence of a time-to-center value. Care needs to be taken during the configuration of receive coils. Conclusion: Routine clinical use of radial stack-of-stars sequences is feasible with current MR systems and may serve as substitute for conventional fat-suppressed T1-weighted protocols in applications where motion is likely to degrade the image quality.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.223-244
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• 1997

Clinical observation was done on 290 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CVA with brain CT, TCD, MRI scan and clinical observation. They were hospitalized in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won University from 1st January to 31st December in 1996. 1. The cases were classified into the following kinds : cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack. The most case of them was the cerebr진 infarction. 2. There is no significant difference in the frequency of strokes in male and female. And the frequency of strokes was highest in the aged over 50. 3. In cerebral infarction the most frequent lesion was the territory of middle cerebral artery, and in cerebral hemorrhage the most frequent lesion was the basal ganglia. 4. The most ordinary preceding disease was hypertension, and the next was diabetes. 5. The rate of recurrence was high in cerebral infarction. 6. The frequency of strokes seems to have no relation to the season. 7. The cerebral infarction occurred usually in resting and sleeping, and the cerebral hemorrhage in acting. 8. The course of entering hospital, most patients visited this hospital as soon as CVA occurred. And the half of patient visited this hospital within 2 days after CVA attack. 9. In the cases of patients who were unconscious at the admission, the prognosis was worse than that of the alert patients. 10. The common symptoms were motor disability and verbal disturbance. 11. The average duration of hospitalization was 27.4 days, and in case of cerebral hemorrhage the duration was prolonged. 12. The average time to start physical therapy was 13.3rd day after stroke in cerebral infarction and it was 19.9th day after stroke in cerebral hemorrhage. 13. The common complications were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, myocardial infarction and so on. 15. At the time of entering hospital, in most cases the blood pressure was high, but blood pressure was well controlled at the time of discharge. 16. Generally reported, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are usually found in cerebral infarction. But in this study, they were found more frequently in cerebral hemorrhage than in infarction. 17, In the most cases, western and oriental medical treatments were given simultaneously. 18. In acute or subacute stage, the methods of smoothening the flow of KI(順氣), dispelling phlegm(祛痰), clearing away heat(淸熱) or purgation(瀉下) were frequently used. And in recovering stage, the methods of replenishing KI(補氣), tonifying the blood(補血) or tranquilization(安神) were frequently used.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2000

Purpose : The aim of this study is to develope the Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(MRS) data processing S/W which plays an important role as a diagnostic tool in clinical field. Materials and methods : Post-processing software of MRS based on graphical user interface(GUI) under windows operating system of personal computer(PC) was developed using MATLAB(Mathwork, U.S.A.). This tool contains many functions to increase the quality of spectrum data such as DC correction, zero filling, line broadening, Gauss-Lorentzian filtering, phase correction, etc. And we obtained the normal human brain $^1H$ MRS data from parietal white matter, basal ganglia and occipital grey matter region using 1.5T Gyroscan ACS-NT R6 (philips, Amsterdam, Netherland) MRS package. The analysis of the MRS peaks were performed by obtaining the ratio of peak area. Results : The peak ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr for the different MRS machines have a little different values. But these peak ratios were not significantly different between different echo time MRS peak ratios in the same machine (p<0.05). Conclusion : MRS post-processing S/W based on GUI using PC was developed and applied to the analysis of normal human brain $^1H$ MRS. This independent MRS processing job increases the performance and throughput of patient scan of main console. Finally, we suggest that the database for normal in-yivo human MRS data should be obtained before clinical applications.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. The diagnostic methods for osteoporosis include simple radiography, bone scan, DXA (Dual energy X-ray Absortiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimal treatment and prevention of osteoporosis require modification of risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, adequate physical activity, and attention to diet, in addition to pharmacologic intervention. The estrogens and raloxifene both prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, and the estrogens probably also decrease the risk of first fracture. There is good evidence that raloxifene prevents further fractures in postmenopausal women who already have had fractures and some evidence that estrogen does as well. Bisphosphonate prevents bone loss and reduces fractures in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women and in osteoporotic men as well. Risedronate is more potent and has fewer side effects than alendronate and reduces the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic women. Calcitonin increases bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis, and also reduces the risk of new fractures in osteoporotic women. All of the agents discussed above prevent bone resorption, whereas teriparatide and strontium increase bone formation and are effective in the treatment of osteoporotic women and men. New avenues for targeting osteoporosis will emerge as our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling increases, although issues of tissue specificity may remain to be addressed.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Modern medicine has early experienced the absence of mimesis and has been trying to replace the absence with objective grounds and experimental data. However, as medicine became science, the crisis of medicine spread more widely. Microscopic powers and violences are invisible, but individuals are powerless and vainly unable to resist. The anguish or introspection about the situation is sometimes described in stories such as An Engagement by Lee Eung Jun. An Engagement is mentioned in this article due to the writer's attitude, which shows his introspection and desire for harmony through the wounds of each trivial character. The writer is unceasingly talking about suffering people in his story and his seriousness enables readers to find his stronger sympathy over life and death than in any other medical stories. In fact, it is impossible for readers to comprehend the confusing propositions which the writer pours out, and even uncomfortable to read the story. Nevertheless, the propositions are always in contact with reality. Perhaps it is not the writer's confusing propositions that make us uncomfortable. It might be ourselves who are always alienated and starved. We can say that the characters' pains and wounds are phantom pains caused by the absence of mimesis. Since there is no affected area, their pains cannot be measured by only scientific medicine. However, the current medical profession regards objective research evidences as absolute truth and allows them to be the sole criterion. Although scientific skills such as DNA analysis and MRI scan can be the substitutes for doctors' judgment, so much of medicine is still interpersonal relationships. An Engagement. As a person promises to marry another, as all beings together in the world promise to subordinate to one another, every subject is consistently a valuable part of each other for the writer's eyes. He is aware that it is originally impossible to get engaged to the world, but he does not give up the possibility of genuine communication. In today's post-modernism society, where a large number of pathological views define the members and the world itself, endless questioning of existence and digging into pathology will be the only way to reduce the gap between individuals and their world. This article does not say that a literary work will lead the change of medical paradigm. It sprang from a desire for medical humanities to gain more interest of the medical field, where the encounter between literature and medicine is still unfamiliar, and to make medical education recognize the importance of humanities. Starting with this work, I believe that the humanities will help us to find the solution to the age of absence of mimesis and to the crisis of medicine.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 1995

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that most often involves the lungs and central nervous system and, less frequently, the skin, skeletal system, and prostate gland. Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative organism, is a yeastlike round or oval fungus, 4 to $6{\mu}m$ in diameter, which is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and reproduces by budding and found in soil and other environmental areas, especially those contaminated by pigeon droppings. Humans and animals acquire infection after inhalation of aerosolized spores. Condition or factors that predispose to cryptococcosis include corticosteroid therapy, lymphoreticular malignancies, HIV infection, and sarcoidosis etc. We discribed a case of cryptococcosis involving lung and CNS coincidently without specific underlying disease and the literature on subject were reviewed. A fifty-six year-old previously healthy female presented with headache of 3 months of duration. She had no history suggesting immunologic suppression and we could not find any abnormal laboratory findings including blood sugar, serum immunoglobulin and complement level, HIV antibody, and T cell subsets. Chest roentgenogram and CT scan showed a solitary soft tissue mass in LUL with distal pneumonitis. Brain MRI showed granulomatous lesion in cerebellum and parasagittal cortex of right frontal lobe. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopic brushing cytology, transthoracic fine needle aspiration, and sputum KOH mount and culture. She was treated 6 weeks course of Amphotericin B and switched to oral fluconazole therapy for 3 months. Her symptoms and X-ray findings were improved gradually and she is now under regular clinical follow up.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2009

Purpose : To radiologically differentiate renal oncocytoma from other renal solid tumors, we analyzed and characterized, retrogradely, radiologic findings of renal oncocytomas. Materials and Methods : Radiologic findings of pathologically proven renal oncocytoma were analyzed in 9 patients. CT was performed in all patients, ultrasonography in 4 patients and MRI in 3 patients.(51) Results : On ultrasonography, the echogenicity of the mass was slightly more hyperechoic than normal renal parenchyma in all 4 cases. Two cases were homogeneous and the remaining two cases were relatively homogeneous. On CT, all 8 cases showed iso-density to slightly low density compared to normal renal parenchyma and 5 cases were homogeneous but the central portion of the mass was of a slightly lower density than the peripheral portion in 3 cases. All six cases had an arterial phase scan and were heterogeneously enhanced. An irregular, lower-enhancing portion was found in the central portion of the mass. Segmental inversion of contrast enhancement was found in 5 of 6 cases that had a dynamic enhancement study. On MR T1-weighted imaging, the mass was of iso-signal intensity to normal renal parenchyma and the central portion of the mass had a slightly hypo-signal intensity than the peripheral portion. On T2-weighted imaging, 2 cases were heterogeneous; the peripheral portion was of low signal intensity and central portion was of higher signal intensity than normal renal parenchyma. One case was relatively homogeneous and showed a slightly lower signal intensity than that of normal parenchyma, except for a central small portion showing high signal intensity. For 2 cases that had a dynamic study, a segmental inversion of contrast enhancement was noted. Conclusion : Renal oncocytoma is seen as a well-marginated solid mass lesion. On enhanced scans it is heterogeneously enhanced and segmental inversion of contrast enhancement may be seen. The possibility of oncocytoma can be suggested in cases showing these radiologic findings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.375-384
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• 2023

Most Hepatic hemangiomas are asymptomatic and small in size, making them difficult to find by pathological examination. Therefore, radiological diagnosis is essential for the early finding and diagnosis of Hepatic hemangioma. Three-phase method using contrast medium in computed tomography, T1, T2-weighted imaging in magnetic resonance imaging, dynamic magnetic resonance imaging using contrast medium, echo planar imaging method, diffusion-weighted imaging method, blood pool scan using ^99mTc-labeled red blood cells in nuclear medicine, we looked at the color doppler method In ultrasound, and it is important to accurately understand the imaging findings of hepatic hemangioma and perform the examination in order to make an accurate diagnosis. most hepatic hemangioma are benign tumors, care should be taken not to confuse them with malignant tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma to prevent unnecessary procedures. Therefore, in order to make an accurate diagnosis, it is important to accurately understand the imaging findings of hemangioma and perform the examination.